Ischaemic heart disease is a disease characterized by reduced blood supply to the heart. It is the most common cause of death in most western countries. The following codes are used with International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O) is a domain specific extension of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems for tumor diseases. ... The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. ... The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a database that catalogues all the known diseases with a genetic component, and - when possible - links them to the relevant genes in the human genome. ... MedlinePlus (medlineplus. ... eMedicine is an online clinical medical knowledge base that was founded in 1996. ... The Diseases Database is a free website that provides information about the relationships between medical conditions, symptoms, and medications. ... A disease is any abnormal condition of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, or distress to the person affected or those in contact with the person. ... The heart and lungs (from an older edition of Grays Anatomy) The heart (Latin cor) is a hollow, muscular organ that pumps blood through the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. ...

Ischaemia means a "reduced blood supply". The coronary arteries supply blood to the heart muscle and no alternative blood supply exists, so a blockage in the coronary arteries reduces the supply of blood to heart muscle. The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart. ...

Most ischaemic heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis, usually present even when the artery lumens appear normal by angiography, see IVUS. Section of an artery An arterial road is a class of highway. ... In anatomy, the lumen is the cavity or channel within a tube or tubular structure, such as the vascular lumen of a blood vessel, along which blood flows. ... Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique in which an X-ray picture is taken to visualize the inner opening of blood filled structures, including arteries, veins and the heart chambers. ... Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an medical imaging methodology using (a) specially designed long thin complex manufactured catheters attached to (b) computerized ultrasound equipment. ...

What is it?

• Initially there is sudden severe narrowing or closure of either the large coronary arteries and/or of coronary artery end branches by debris showering downstream in the flowing blood. It is usually felt as angina, especially if a large area is affected.
• The narrowing or closure is predominantly caused by the covering of atheromatous plaques within the wall of the artery rupturing, in turn leading to a heart attack (Heart attacks caused by just artery narrowing are rare).
• A heart attack causes damage to heart muscle by cutting off its blood supply.

This can cause: The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart. ... The coronary circulation consists of the blood vessels that supply blood to, and remove blood from, the heart. ... angina tonsillaris see tonsillitis. ... An atheroma (plural: atheromata) is an abnormal fatty deposit which develops within the walls of arteries over time. ... A myocardial infarction occurs when an atherosclerotic plaque slowly builds up in the inner lining of a coronary artery and then suddenly ruptures, totally occluding the artery and preventing blood flow downstream. ...

• Temporary damage and pain (ischemia)
• Loss of muscle activity (acute heart failure)
• Permanent heart muscle damage, heart muscle does not grow back (acute myocardial infarction /infarct)
• Long term loss of heart muscle activity (chronic heart failure)
• Cardiac arrhythmias: irregular heartbeat which can be fatal. Most death is due to arrhythmias, usually tachyarrhythmias.
• Other structural damage to the heart including damaged heart valves, actual perforation of the heart and a thin walled fibrous floppy heart.

In medicine, ischemia (Greek ισχαιμία, isch- is restriction, hema or haema is blood) is a restriction in blood supply, generally due to factors in the blood vessels, with resultant damage or dysfunction of tissue. ... Cardiac arrhythmia is a group of conditions in which the muscle contraction of the heart is irregular or is faster or slower than normal. ... In anatomy, the heart valves are valves in the heart that limits blood flow to a single direction by opening and closing depending on the difference in pressure on each side. ...

Prevention

Prevent or delay atherosclerosis.

• Do not smoke.
• prevent/treat hypertension (high blood pressure)
• Exercise regularly (Exercising the heart muscle strengthens it, like any other)
• Avoid obesity: increasing body fat stores, especially intra-abdominal fat, increases serum cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin requirements and promotes Diabetes Mellitus plus chronically increases heart muscle workload.
• Avoid consumption of trans-fatty acids. These are found in any chemically modified fat product, such as margarine, in hydrogenated fats, and especially in superheated fats (such as those used for commercial deep frying). These fats are toxic and should not be consumed in any amount; however, in many western countries, limitation may be the only practical option. Some mono-unsaturated fats are beneficial in reducing the risk of heart disease when consumed in moderation. When consumed in excess, however, other health concerns arise. An increase in polyunsaturated fats is also warranted in most American diets. Dietary cholesterol intake is known to have only limited effect on serum cholesterol.
• Take LDLipoprotein cholesterol reducing and HDLipoprotein raising drugs and verfiy both LDLipoprotein particle counts and quantitative large HDLipoprotein response to treatment.
• Avoiding shift work.

Various smoking equipment including different pipes, and cigars. ... For other forms of hypertension see hypertension (disambiguation) Hypertension or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. ... The abdomen (from the Latin word meaning belly) is the part of the body between the pelvis and the thorax. ... Cholesterol chemical structure Cholesterol is a steroid, a lipid, and an alcohol, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. ... Triglycerides (also known as triacylglycerols or triacylglycerides) are glycerides in which the glycerol is esterified with three fatty acids. ... The structure of insulin Red: carbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulfur. ... Diabetes mellitus is a medical disorder characterized by varying or persistent hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels), especially after eating. ... Myocardium is the muscular tissue of the heart. ... A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids and may be structural or catalytic in function. ... Cholesterol chemical structure Cholesterol is a steroid, a lipid, and an alcohol, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. ... A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids and may be structural or catalytic in function. ... A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids and may be structural or catalytic in function. ... A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids and may be structural or catalytic in function. ... Shift work is an employment practice designed to make use of the 24 hours of the clock, rather than a standard working day. ...

Treatment of a heart attack.

The option required depends on the situation.

• Specialised coronary care (the sooner the better); most deaths are due to sudden onset arrhythmias - time is crucial to survival.
• Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (breathing support, pulse and BP monitoring & possible chest compressions).
• A defibrillator can stop cardiac arrhythmias.
• An artificial pacemaker can speed up cardiac bradyarrhythmias.
• Drugs such as adrenaline can increase heart rate and strength of contractions, although also promote tachyarrhythmias.
• Thrombolytic agents can clear away compounding blood clots.
• Anticoagulation can impede additional blood clots.
• Inotropic drugs will raise blood pressure.
• Unblock arteries with angioplasty ("balloon angioplasty with or without stents") or surgery.

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), is emergency first aid for an unconscious person on whom breathing and pulse cannot be detected. ... Bold text A semi-automatic external defibrillator (AED) A defibrillator is a medical device used in the defibrillation of the heart. ... This article is about a medical device which electrically stimulates the heart. ... Bradycardia, as applied in adult medicine, is defined as a heart rate of under 60 beats per minute, though it is seldom symptomatic until the rate drops below 50 beat/min [1]. It is also less commonly known as brachycardia. ... Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. ... Thrombolysis is the breakdown (lysis) by pharmacological means, of blood clots. ... An anticoagulant is a substance that prevents coagulation; that is, it stops blood from clotting. ... Inotropic drug are drugs categorized as those affecting the force or energy of muscular contractions, typically involving the heart. ... Angioplasty is the mechanical, hydraulic dilation of an artery lumen which has been narrowed, sometimes totally obstructed, generally due to atheroma (the lesion of atherosclerosis). ... Angioplasty is the mechanical, hydraulic dilation of an artery lumen which has been narrowed, sometimes totally obstructed, generally due to atheroma (the lesion of atherosclerosis). ... In medicine, a stent is an expandable wire mesh tube that is inserted into a hollow structure of the body to keep it open. ...

After a heart attack

• Possible angioplasty or cardiac surgery.
• Possibly the regular administration of anti-coagulants to prevent further blood clot complications.
• Possibly the administration of drugs to reduce heart arrhythmias although they many also induce arrhythmias.
• Lifestyle modifications are important in prevention of a second MI; increased exercise, reduction of stress, and improved dietary considerations are perhaps most important