Iskander Mirza
1st President of Pakistan
In office 23 March 1956 – 27 October 1958
Prime Minister	Chaudhry Muhammad Ali, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar, Feroz Khan Noon and Mohammad Ayub Khan
Preceded by	Office Created
Succeeded by	Ayub Khan
4th Governor-General of Pakistan
In office 6 October 1955 – 23 March 1956
Prime Minister	Chaudhry Muhammad Ali
Preceded by	Ghulam Muhammad
Succeeded by	Office Abolished
Born	13 November 1899(1899-11-13) Murshidabad, British India
Died	November 12, 1969 (aged 69) London, UK
Political party	Republican Party

Syed Iskander Ali Mirza or Iskander Mirza (Urdu: اسکندر مرزا) (November 13, 1899 – November 12, 1969) was the first President of Pakistan and held that position from 1956 until 1958. He was also the fourth Governor-General of Pakistan before it was replaced by the Presidency. Iskander Mirza This work is copyrighted. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (July 15, 1905 _ December 2, 1980) was a Pakistani statesman who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1955 to 1956. ... Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy (September 8, 1892 - December 5, 1963) was a politician from Bengal in undivided India, and later in East Pakistan, who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 until 1957. ... Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar He was Prime Minister of Pakistan for approximately 2 months from October 17,1957 to December 16,1957 After merely a year, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy resigned from his Premiership in October 1957. ... Malik Feroz Khan Noon;Prime Minister Sir Feroz Khan Noon was a politician from Pakistan. ... Field Marshal Ayub Khan Ayub Khan (May 14, 1907 - April 19, 1974) during the mid-1960s, was a Field Marshal and the political leader of Pakistan. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... Image:Governor General PK.jpg Flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan The Governor-General of Pakistan was the resident representative of King George VI in Pakistan from 1947 to 1952 and then Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of Pakistan) from 1952 until 1956 when Pakistan was proclaimed a republic. ... is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (July 15, 1905 _ December 2, 1980) was a Pakistani statesman who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1955 to 1956. ... Ghulam Muhammad Malik Ghulam Muhammad (1895 - 1956) served as Governor-General of Pakistan from 1951 until 1955, shortly before his death. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Imperial-India-Blue-Ensign. ... Murshidabad is a city in West Bengal, India as well as a district in the state. ... Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India  - 1877-1901 Victoria  - 1901-1910 Edward VII  - 1910-1936 George V  - January-December 1936 Edward VIII  - 1936-1947 George... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The party was formed in October 1955, by a break away of the Muslim League and other politicians supporting the creation of the West Pakistan province. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... Image:Governor General PK.jpg Flag of the Governor-General of Pakistan The Governor-General of Pakistan was the resident representative of King George VI in Pakistan from 1947 to 1952 and then Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of Pakistan) from 1952 until 1956 when Pakistan was proclaimed a republic. ...

Early life

Syed Iskander Ali Mirza was born in Murshidabad, Bengal in 1899 to an aerostocratic feudal family and was a descendant of Mir Jafar. He grew up in Bombay. After completing his early education, he was educated at the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, becoming the first graduate from the Indian subcontinent at the academy, and commissioned into the British Indian Army in 1920. Mirza only served in the army for six years, after which he was the first Indian to be accepted in the elite Indian Political Service, eventually becoming a joint secretary in the Ministry of Defence of British India. In this position he was responsible for dividing the British Indian Army into the future armies of Pakistan and India. Murshidabad is a city in West Bengal, India as well as a district in the state. ... Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast of South Asia. ... Syed Mir Muhammed Jafar Ali Khan, or Mir Jafar (born 1691 – died February 5, 1765) was a monarchical ruler (Nawab) of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. ... This article or section should be merged with Mumbai Mumbai (previously known as Bombay) is the worlds most populous conurbation, and is the sixth most populous agglomeration in the world. ... New College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst New Colours are presented to RMAS, June 2005. ... Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... A group of native Indian Muslim soldiers posing for volley firing orders. ...

Defence Secretary and Governor-General

Upon the formation of Pakistan, Mirza was made the Defence Secretary of the new nation, this appointment owed to Mirza's ranking as the highest Muslim civil servant in India at the time. In 1954 he was made governor of East Pakistan to bring order to a politically distressed region. This position was followed by his being appointed Minister of Interior and Frontier Regions in Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra's cabinet. In 1955 he became acting Governor-General, before becoming the last Governor-General of Pakistan. Iskander Mirza was also a great advocate of the One Unit scheme and believed in the separation of state and religion. When Mirza succeeded the ailing Ghulam Mohammad as Governor-General, he was married to his second wife, Mrs Nahid Mirza, an Iranian lady, she was previously the wife of the Military Attaché of Iran in Pakistan. Mohammad Ali Bogra Muhammad Ali Bogra (1909 - 1963) was a Pakistani statesman of Bengali origin, who served as Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1953 until 1955. ...

President of Pakistan

In 1956, Pakistan established its first constitution, and the position of Governor-General was replaced by that of President. The two were essentially the same, but Mirza was officially elected as President by the Assembly. During his presidency, Pakistan was politically unstable, this was marked by four different prime ministers in two years. The President of Pakistan (Urdū: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ...

Military Coup D'état

By 1958, realising that the 1956 Constitution was contributing to political instability, Mirza declared martial law on October 7th with the view to introducing a new constitution "more suited to the genius of the Pakistani people" in November. However, it is disputed that even though, he became the first President of Pakistan under the new constitution, he was not very fond of it. He is quoted in the book Shahabnama ^[1], holding the constitution in his hand, and referring it as a "trashy book." Mirza's efforts and energies, as Shahab relates, were geared to one principal purpose, his continuation in office. Mirza was apprehensive that general elections could lead to a change in the Office of President and so elections had to be deferred under some pretext or other, which lead to his declaration of Martial Law on October 7, 1958. He appointed the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Army, Ayub Khan as the martial law administrator. Once the deed was done he realized that he forfeited his own political legitimacy. Less than three weeks into Martial Law he was ushered out of the Presidential Palace, first to Quetta and then to exile in London. He thus precipitated his departure from the Office of President rather than prolong his tenure. Ayub Khan declared himself President on October 27th after a bloodless coup d'état. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pakistan Army Flag The Pakistan Army (Urdu: پاک فوج) is the largest branch of the Pakistan military, and is mainly responsible for protection of the state borders, the security of administered territories and defending the national interests of Pakistan within the framework of its international obligations. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Death

Mirza lived in exile in London till his death in 1969. He died of heart-attack in London about 5:30 pm just a day before his 70th birthday on the 12th November 1969. After Yahya Khan's military government refused to allow him to be buried in his own country, his body was flown to Tehran where the Shah of Iran gave him a State Funeral befitting a Head of State. This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... For other uses, see Tehran (disambiguation). ...

Major-General Iskander Mirza Photo Gallery

Great GrandFather with British Officers. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 673 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) President Iskander Mirza File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	The Head of British Naval Commands in the centre. Major-General Iskander Mirza on the Left and one his officers and The Right. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2048 × 1536 pixel, file size: 662 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Maj-General Iskander Mirza File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...	Major Syed Iskander Mirza First Indian Officer in Politics. Capt Syed Iskander Ali Mirza Cavalry Officer Poona horse. Major Iskander Mirza, First Indian Political Agent Khyber 1936-41 . Major Iskander MIrza with Sons. (From Left To Right .. Bottom: Left To right) Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...	Copy Right Dawn News Paper Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...
Major-General Iskander Mirza Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ...	Major-General Iskander Mirza's Family Crest Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

References

• Shahab, Qudrat-Ullah (2005 (21st Edition)). Shahabnama. Karachi: Sang-e-Meel. ISBN 969-35-0025-3. 

• Mirza, Humayun (2002). From Plassey to Pakistan. Washignton D.C.: University Press of America. ISBN 978-0761815099. 

v • d • e Presidents of Pakistan
Mirza  | A Khan†  | Y Khan†  | Bhutto  | Chaudhry  | ul-Haq†  | I Khan  | Sajjad  | Leghari  | Sajjad  | Tarar  | Musharraf† † military

Qudrat-Ullah Shahab ( – 1986) was an Indian civil servant, who migrated to Pakistan after partition of the sub-continent. ...   (Urdu: , Sindhi: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ... The President of Pakistan (UrdÅ«: صدر مملکت Sadr-e-Mamlikat) is Head of State of Pakistan. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was the President of Pakistan from 1969 to 1971, following the resignation of Ayub Khan. ... Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (Urdu:ذوالفقار علی بھٹو) (January 5, 1928 – April 4, 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. ... Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry (Urdu: فضل الہی چودھری) (January 1, 1904 - June 2, 1982) was President of Pakistan from August 14, 1973 until his resignation on September 16, 1978. ... General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (Urdu: ) (b. ... Ghulam Ishaq Khan (abbreviated as GIK) (Urdu: غلام اسحاق خان) (January 20, 1915 - October 27, 2006) was President of Pakistan from August 17, 1988 until July 18, 1993. ... Wasim Sajjad (b. ... Sardar Farooq Ahmad Khan Leghari (Urdu: سردار فاروق احمد خان لغاری) (b. ... Wasim Sajjad (b. ... Muhammad Rafiq Tarar (b. ... General Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: ) (born August 11, 1943) is President of Pakistan and the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army who came to power in wake of a coup detat. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_President_of_Pakistan. ...

See also

• Constitution of Pakistan