China has some of the oldest Muslim history, dating back to as early as 650, when the uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, Sa`ad ibn Abi Waqqas, was sent as an official envoy to Emperor Gaozong. Throughout the history of Islam in China, Chinese Muslims have influenced the course of Chinese history. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Events Arab conquest of Persia, establishment of Islam as state religion Hindu empire in Sumatra Croats and Serbs occupy Bosnia Khazars conquer Great Bulgarian Empire in southern Russia building of St. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Sa`ad ibn Abī Waqqās (Arabic: ‎ ) was an early convert to Islam from the Banū Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe and important companions of the Prophet Muhammad. ... Emperor Gaozong (628 - 683) was the third emperor of Tang Dynasty in China and he ruled from 649 to 683. ... The History of Islam in China begins in 651 with the arrival in China of an envoy sent by the third Caliph during the Tang Dynasty, just eighteen years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ...

History

Main article: History of Islam in China

The Great Mosque of Xi'an, one of China's oldest mosques

Islam was first brought to China by an envoy sent by Uthman, the third Caliph, in 651, less than twenty years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. The envoy was led by Sa`d ibn Abī Waqqās, the maternal uncle of the Prophet himself. Yung Wei, the Tang emperor who received the envoy then ordered the construction of the Memorial mosque in Canton, the first mosque in the country. It was during the Tang Dynasty that China had its golden day of cosmopolitan culture which helped the introduction of Islam. The first major Muslim settlements in China consisted of Arab and Persian merchants.<sup>[1]</sup> In the region, the Hui Chi tribe accepted Islam, and the name was the beginnings of the reference to the huihui or the Hui as they are know today. The History of Islam in China begins in 651 with the arrival in China of an envoy sent by the third Caliph during the Tang Dynasty, just eighteen years after the death of the Prophet Muhammad. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1520x2288, 671 KB) Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque (Xian, China) Author: Miguel A. Monjas Date: 07/23, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Mosque Islam in China Great Mosque of Xian Metadata This file... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1520x2288, 671 KB) Chinese-style minaret of the Great Mosque (Xian, China) Author: Miguel A. Monjas Date: 07/23, 2005 File links The following pages link to this file: Mosque Islam in China Great Mosque of Xian Metadata This file... The Great Mosque of Xian, one of Chinas largest mosques The Great Mosque of Xian (Chinese: 西安大清真寺), located near the Drum Tower (Gu Lou) on Huajue Lane of Xian, Shaanxi province, China, is one of the oldest and most renowned mosques in the country. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... For other uses of the name, see Uthman (name). ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... Events End of Yazdegard IIIs attempts to drive out the Saracens. ... Muhammad in a new genre of Islamic calligraphy started in the 17th century by Hafiz Osman. ... Sa`d ibn AbÄ« Waqqās was an early convert to Islam from the BanÅ« Zuhrah clan of the Quraysh tribe. ... Emperor Gaozong of Tang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (July 21, 628[3][4]-December 27, 683), personal name Li Zhi (李治), was the third emperor of the Tang Dynasty in China, ruling from 649 to 683 (although after January 665 much of the governance was in the hands of his second wife Empress... For the band, see Tang Dynasty (band). ... Guangzhou is the capital and the sub-provincial city of Guangdong Province in the southern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other uses, see Arab (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Persian people, an ethnic group found mainly in Iran. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (å¾½) dialects. ...

By the time of the Song Dynasty, Muslims had come to dominate the import/export industry.^[2] The office of Director General of Shipping was consistently held by a Muslim during this period.^[3]In 1070, the Song emperor Shenzong invited 5,300 Muslim men from Bukhara, to settle in China in order to create a buffer zone between the Chinese and the Liao empire in the northeast. Later on these men were settled between the Sung capital of Kaifeng and Yenching (modern day Beijing).^[4] They were led by Prince Amir Sayyid "So-fei-er" (his Chinese name) who was reputed of being called the "father" of the Muslim community in China. Prior to him Islam was named by the Tang and Song Chinese as Ta-shi fa ("law of Islam"). He renamed it to Hui Hui Jiao ("the Religion of Double return").^[5] It was during the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, (1274 - 1368), that large numbers of Muslims settled in China. The Mongols, a minority in China, gave Muslim immigrants an elevated status over the native Han Chinese as part of their governing strategy, thus giving Muslims a heavy influence. Hundreds of thousands of Muslims immigrants were recruited and forcibly relocated from Western and Central Asia by the Mongols to help them administer their rapidly expanding empire.^[6] The Mongols used Persian, Arab and Uyghur administrators to act as officers of taxation and finance. Muslims headed most corporations in China in the early Yuan period.^[7] Muslim scholars were brought to work on calendar making and astronomy. Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Bianjing (汴京) (960–1127) Linan (臨安) (1127–1276) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 960–976 Emperor Taizu  - 1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong  - 1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong  - 1278–1279 Emperor Bing History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Shenzong may refer to one of two Chinese emperors: Emperor Shenzong of Song China (reign: 1067-1085) Wanli Emperor of the Ming Dynasty (reign: 1572-1620) This is a disambiguation page &#8212; a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Bukhara (Tajik: Бухоро; Persian: , Buxârâ; Uzbek: ; Russian: ), from the Soghdian βuxārak (lucky place), is the fifth-largest city in Uzbekistan, and capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat). ... Kaifeng (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: KāifÄ“ng; Wade-Giles: Kai-feng), formerly known as Bianliang (汴梁; Wade-Giles: Pien-liang), is a prefecture-level city in eastern Henan province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Yenching (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) can refer to: Beijing (Yenching is an older, alternative name of the city) Harvard-Yenching Institute Yenching College Yenching University Category: ... Peking redirects here. ... Capital Dadu Language(s) Mongolian Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1260-1294 Kublai Khan  - 1333-1370 (Cont. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Uyghur language. ... Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses, and organizations raise, allocate, and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. ...

During the following Ming Dynasty, Muslims continued to be influential around government circles. Six of Ming Dynasty founder Zhu Yuanzhang's most trusted generals were Muslim, including Lan Yu who, in 1388, led a strong imperial Ming army out of the Great Wall and won a decisive victory over the Mongols in Mongolia, effectively ending the Mongol dream to re-conquer China. Additionally, the Yongle Emperor hired Zheng He, perhaps the most famous Chinese Muslim and China's foremost explorer, to lead seven expeditions to the Indian Ocean, from 1405 and 1433. However, during the Ming Dynasty, new immigration to China from Muslim countries was restricted in an increasingly isolationist nation. The Muslims in China who were descended from earlier immigration began to assimilate by speaking Chinese dialects and by adopting Chinese names and culture. Mosque architecture began to follow traditional Chinese architecture. For other uses, see Ming. ... The Hongwu Emperor (October 21, 1328 - June 24, 1398), personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, was the founder of the Ming Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of this dynasty from 1368 to 1398. ... Lan Yu was a general of the Ming Dynasty. ... The Great Wall in the winter The Great Wall of China (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: , pinyin: Wànlǐ Chángchéng; literally The long wall of 10,000 Li (里)¹) is a Chinese fortification built from the 5th century BC until the beginning of the 17th century, in order to protect... The Yongle Emperor (May 2, 1360 – August 12, 1424), born Zhu Di (Chu Ti) , was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. ... A modern illustration of Zheng He, by an unidentified artist. ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (徽) dialects. ... Isolationism is a diplomatic policy whereby a nation seeks to avoid alliances with other nations. ... Spoken Chinese Spoken Chinese comprises many regional variants. ... Chinese culture has roots going back over five thousand years. ... The Liuhe Pagoda of Hangzhou, China, built in 1165 AD. Chinese architecture refers to a style of architecture that has taken shape in Asia over the centuries. ...

The rise of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) made relations between the Muslims and Chinese more difficult. The dynasty prohibited ritual slaughtering of animals, followed by forbidding the construction of new mosques and the pilgrimage to Mecca.^[8] The Qing rulers belonged to the Manchu, a minority in China, and employed the tactics of divide and conquer to keep the Muslims, Hans, Tibetans and Mongolians in conflict with each other. These repressive policies resulted in five bloody Hui rebellions, most notably the Panthay Rebellion, which occurred in Yunnan province from 1855 to 1873, and the Dungan revolt, which occurred mostly in Xinjiang, Shensi and Gansu, from 1862 to 1877. Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Qing China at its greatest extent. ... A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... The Manchu people (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: , Mongolian: Манж) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeastern China). ... Divide and conquer (derived from the Latin saying Divide et impera) can mean either: In politics and sociology, a strategy to gain or maintain power: see divide and rule In computer science, an algorithm design paradigm based on recursion: see divide and conquer (computer science). ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (徽) dialects. ... The Panthay Rebellion (known in Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Qiyi 杜文秀起义 (1856 - 1873) was a separatist movement of the Hui people, Chinese Muslims, against the imperial Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, China. ... Yunan redirects here. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Dungan Revolt is also known as the Hui Minorities War and the Muslim Rebellion. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Not to be confused with the neighboring province of Shanxi Shaanxi (Simplified Chinese: &#38485;&#35199;; Traditional Chinese: &#38493;&#35199;; pinyin: Sh&#462;nx&#299;; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shensi, pronounced like Shahn-shee) is a northwestern province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about 1862 . ... 1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Sun Yat Sen, who established the Republic of China immediately proclaimed that the country belonged equally to the Han, Hui (Muslim), Meng (Mongol), and the Tsang (Tibetan) peoples. Conditions for the Muslims worsened during the Cultural Revolution. The government began to relax its policies towards Muslims in 1978. Today, Islam is experiencing a modest revival and there are now many mosques in China. There has been an upsurge in Islamic expression and many nation-wide Islamic associations have been organized to co-ordinate inter-ethnic activities among Muslims.^[9] Sun Yat-sen (November 12, 1866 - March 12, 1925) was a Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman who is considered by many to be the Father of Modern China. He had a significant influence in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty and establishment of the Republic of China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... This article is about the Peoples Republic of China. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

People

See also: Hui people, Uyghur people, Kazak, Dongxiang, Kyrgyz, Salar, Tajik, Uzbek, Bonan, Tatar, and Tibetan Muslims

The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (徽) dialects. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Uyghur language. ... The words kazaks, kazak may be a transliteration from Russian language of Kazakhs, people of Kazakhstan Cossacks (Russian: kazak) This is a disambiguation page &#8212; a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Dongxiang people (own name: Sarta or Santa; Simplified Chinese: 东乡族 Traditional Chinese︰東鄉族; Pinyin: Dōngxiāngzú) are an ethnic group closely related to the Mongolians, who practice Islam. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ... The Salar people (Chinese: 撒拉族, Pinyin: Sālāzú) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tajikmay refer to: Tajiks, an ethnic group living in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and China The Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan The Arabic-schooled, ethnically Persian administrative caste of the Turco-Persian society. ... The Bonan (also Baoan) people (保安族; pinyin: bǎoān zú) are an ethnic group living in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in northwestern China. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... The Tibetan Muslims, also known as the Kachee (Kache), form a small minority in Tibet. ...

Ethnic Groups

Muslims live in every region of China. The highest concentrations are found in the northwest provinces of Xinjiang, Gansu, and Ningxia, with significant populations also found throughout Yunnan province in southwest China and Henan Province in central China. Of China’s 55 officially recognized minority peoples, ten groups are predominately Muslim. The largest groups in descending order are Hui (9.8 million in year 2000 census, or 48% of the officially tabulated number of Muslims), Uyghur (8.4 million, 41%), Kazak (1.25 million , 6.1%), Dongxiang (514,000, 2.5%), Kyrgyz (161,000), Salar (105,000), Tajik (41,000), Uzbek , Bonan (17,000), and Tatar (5,000).^[10] However, individual members of traditionally Muslim ethnic groups may profess other religions or none at all, while sizable Muslim communities exist among ethnicities whose members typically belong to other religions, as in the case of the Tibetan Muslims. Muslims live predominantly in the areas that border Central Asia, Tibet and Mongolia, i.e Xinjiang, Ningxia, Gansu and Qinghai, which is know as the "Quran Belt". ^[11] A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; Pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; Pinyin: Níngxià Huízú ZìzhìqÅ«), is a Hui autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess... Yunan redirects here. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Look up Hui in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Uyghur language. ... The words kazaks, kazak may be a transliteration from Russian language of Kazakhs, people of Kazakhstan Cossacks (Russian: kazak) This is a disambiguation page &#8212; a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... The Dongxiang people (own name: Sarta or Santa; Simplified Chinese: 东乡族 Traditional Chinese︰東鄉族; Pinyin: Dōngxiāngzú) are an ethnic group closely related to the Mongolians, who practice Islam. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Kyrgyz language. ... The Salar people (Chinese: 撒拉族, Pinyin: Sālāzú) are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Tajikmay refer to: Tajiks, an ethnic group living in Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, and China The Tajik language, the official language of Tajikistan The Arabic-schooled, ethnically Persian administrative caste of the Turco-Persian society. ... The Bonan (also Baoan) people (保安族; pinyin: bÇŽoān zú) are an ethnic group living in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in northwestern China. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... The Tibetan Muslims, also known as the Kachee (Kache), form a small minority in Tibet. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; Pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; Pinyin: Níngxià Huízú ZìzhìqÅ«), is a Hui autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ...

Number of Muslims in China

China is home to a large population of adherents of Islam. According to CIA, substantial population in China are Muslims,^[12] while according to many other sources Muslims constitute muslims make up about 1.5% of the Chinese population.^[13] The various censuses asserted that there may be up to 20 million Muslims in China.^[14] Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

The BBC gives a range of 20 million to 100 million Muslims in China.^[15] The figure of 100 million is based on a 1938 statistical yearbook placing the number of Muslims at 50 million, as well as census data from the 1940s, which showed roughly 48 million Muslims.^[16] Demographers at the University of Michigan contend in contrast that the only way the Muslim population of China could be substantially higher than the officially counted 20.3 million in the 2000 census is if there were a very large hidden or uncounted number of Muslims in China; but a large undercount of Muslims has not been documented and remains speculative.^[17] However, the accuracy of the religious data in the census is questioned. While official data estimated 100 million religious believers in China, a survey taken by Shanghai University declared a dramatically different 300 million believers, three times the government’s estimate. The survey also found that Buddhism, Taoism, Islam and Christianity are the country's five major religions. The number of followers of Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity in the survey had radically higher numbers than in the census.^[18] The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, UM or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan, and one of the foremost universities in the United States. ... Shanghai University (University of Shanghai, SHU, 上海大学, 上大) is a public, comprehensive university located in Shanghai, China. ... Statistical surveys are used to collect quantitative information about items in a population. ... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ... Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ... Taoism (or Daoism) is the English name referring to a variety of related Chinese philosophical traditions and concepts. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is...

Religious Practice

The vast majority of China's Muslims are Sunni Muslims. A notable feature of the some Muslim communities in China is the presence of female imams.^[19] There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic &#1587;&#1606;&#1617;&#1577;) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... There is a current controversy among Muslims on the circumstances in which women may act as imams—that is, lead a congregation in salat (prayer). ...

Chinese Muslims and the Hajj

Some Chinese Muslims may have made the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca on the Arabian peninsula between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries, yet there is no written record of this prior to 1861. A supplicating pilgrim at Masjid Al Haram, the mosque which was built around the Kaaba (the cubical building at center). ... This article is about the city in Saudi Arabia. ... Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Briefly during the Cultural Revolution, Chinese Muslims were not allowed to attend the Hajj,and only did so through Pakistan, but this policy was reversed in 1979. Chinese Muslims now attend the Hajj in large numbers, typically in organized groups. This article is about the Peoples Republic of China. ...

A record 9,600 Chinese Muslim pilgrims from all over the country attended the Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia in 2006^[20]

Representative bodies

Islamic Association of China

Main article: Islamic Association of China

The Islamic Association of China claims to represent Chinese Muslims nationwide. At its inaugural meeting on May 11, 1953 in Beijing, representatives from 10 nationalities of the People's Republic of China were in attendance. The Islamic Association of China (Chinese: ) claims to represent Chinese Muslims nationwide. ...

China Islamic Association

Main article: China Islamic Association

The Government set up China Islamic Association to create a better understanding between muslims and non-muslims in China. This organization was created in 2001, by the Government of China.

Islamic education in China

Over the last twenty years a wide range of Islamic educational opportunities have been developed to meet the needs of China’s Muslim population. In addition to mosque schools, government Islamic colleges, and independent Islamic colleges, a growing number of students have gone overseas to continue their studies at international Islamic universities in Egypt, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran, and Malaysia.^[21]

Culture and heritage

The Mongol conquest of the greater part of Eurasia in the 13th century brought the extensive cultural traditions of China, central Asia and western Asia into a single empire, albeit one of separate khanates, for the first time in history. The intimate interaction that resulted is evident in the legacy of both traditions. In China, Islam influenced technology, sciences, philosophy and the arts. In terms of material culture, one finds decorative motives from central Asian Islamic architecture and calligraphy, the marked halal impact on northern Chinese cuisine and the varied influences of Islamic medical science on Chinese medicine.^{[citation needed]}

Taking the Mongol Eurasian empire as a point of departure, the ethnogenesis of the Hui, or Sinophone Muslims, can also be charted through the emergence of distinctly Chinese Muslim traditions in architecture, food, epigraphy and Islamic written culture. This multifaceted cultural heritage continues to the present day.^[22]

Islamic architecture has been shown by the great mosques of China.

Halal food in China

A package of halal-certified frozen food (steamed cabbage buns) from Jiangsu province, China

Main article: Chinese Islamic cuisine

Since there are large number of muslims living in western China, many Chinese restaurants run by muslims cater to Muslims or cater to the general public. In most major cities in China, there are small Islamic restaurants or food stalls typically run by migrants from Western China (e.g., Uyghurs), which offer inexpensive noodle soup. Meat dishes are more commonly available here, as people living in Western China tend to have a liking for meat. ^[23] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 616 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chinese Islamic cuisine Halal Islam in China Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 616 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Chinese Islamic cuisine Halal Islam in China Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital... Bao redirects here. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Chinese Islamic cuisine is cuisine of the Hui (ethnic Chinese Muslims) and other Muslims living in China. ... For the language spoken by this ethnic group, see Uyghur language. ...

Calligraphy

Main article: Sini (script)

Sini is a Chinese Islamic calligraphic form for the Arabic script. It can refer to any type of Chinese Islamic calligraphy, but is commonly used to refer to one with thick and tapered effects, much like Chinese calligraphy. It is used extensively in mosques in eastern China, and to a lesser extent in Gansu, Ningxia, and Shaanxi. A famous Sini calligrapher is Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang. Sini is a Chinese Islamic calligraphic form for the Arabic script. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Contemporary Western Calligraphy. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ... Calligraphy is an art dating back to the earliest day of history, and widely practiced throughout China to this day. ... The Masjid al-Haram in Mecca as it exists today A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; Pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; Pinyin: Níngxià Huízú ZìzhìqÅ«), is a Hui autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess...   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ShÇŽnxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling Mountains across the... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang (米廣江, born 1963) is an expert in Islamic calligraphy, specializing in the Sini style which originated from the Chinese Muslim tradition. ...

Martial arts

Main article: Muslim Chinese martial arts

Muslim development and participation at the highest level of Chinese wushu has a long history. Many of its roots lie in the Qing Dynasty persecution of Muslims. The Hui started and adapted many of the styles of wushu such as bajiquan, piguazhang, and liuhequan. There were specific areas that were known to be centers of Muslim wushu, such as Cang County in Hebei Province. These traditional Hui martial arts were very distinct from the Turkic styles practiced in Xinjiang.^[24] Muslim Chinese martial arts have a long history in China, and many Muslims have participated at the highest level of Chinese Wushu. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Qing China at its greatest extent. ... Look up Hui in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Bājíquán (八極拳,literally eight extremes fist) is a style of wushu (Chinese martial arts) that features explosive, short range power and is famous for its elbow strikes. ... Introduction According to Preface to Six Harmonies Boxing (Liuhequan Xu) written in 1750, the style was created by Yue Fei who as a child learnt from a master of deep knowledge and became very skilful at spear play; (on this basis) he created a boxing method to teach his officers... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ...

Chinese terminology for Islamic institutions

Qīngzhēn (清真) is the Chinese term for certain Islamic institutions. Its literal meaning is "pure truth." QÄ«ngzhÄ“n (清真) is the Chinese term for certain Islamic institutions. ...

In Chinese, halal is called qīngzhēn cài (清真菜) or "pure truth food." A mosque is called qīngzhēn sì (清真寺) or "pure truth temple." Halal (حلال, alāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. In the English language it most frequently refers to food that is permissible according to Islamic law. ...

Famous Muslims in China

Explorers

• Zheng He, mariner and explorer
• Fei Xin, Zheng He's translator
• Ma Huan, a companion of Zheng He

A modern illustration of Zheng He, by an unidentified artist. ... Fei Xin (Chinese: 费信) was the Ming dynasty admiral Zheng Hes translator. ... A page from Ming dynasty woodcut printed edtion of Ying-yai Sheng-lan by Ma Huan Ma Huan(Chinese 马欢),courtesy name Chung-dao宗道, pen name Mountain-woodcutter, born in Hui Ji county of Zhejiang province. ...

Military

• Founding generals of the Ming dynasty: Chang Yuchun, Hu Dahai,Lan Yu, Mu Ying
• The leaders of the Panthay Rebellion: Du Wenxiu, Ma Hualong
• The Ma clique of warlords during the Republic of China era: Ma Bufang, Ma Chung-ying, Ma Fuxiang, Ma Hongkui, Ma Hongbin, Ma Lin, Ma Qi, Ma Hun-shan
• Bai Chongxi, general in the Republic of China army

For other uses, see Ming. ... Chang Yuchun (常遇春) was one of the founding generals of the Ming Dynasty. ... Hu Dahai was a General of the Ming Dynasty. ... Lan Yu was a general of the Ming Dynasty. ... Mu Ying was a general during the Ming Dynasty. ... The Panthay Rebellion (known in Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Qiyi 杜文秀起义 (1856 - 1873) was a separatist movement of the Hui people, Chinese Muslims, against the imperial Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, China. ... Du Wenxiu (&#26460;&#25991;&#31168;) (1823 - 1872) was the leader of the Panthay Rebellion, a Muslim separatist movement in China during the Qing Dynasty. ... Ma Hualong (马化龙) (? - 1871), an adherent to Sufism, was a leader in the Muslim Rebellion. ... Flag of Xibei San Ma The Ma clique (Traditional Chinese: 馬家軍; Simplified Chinese: 马家军; pinyin: Mǎ Jiājūn; literally Ma family army) was a family of warlords who ruled the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, Gansu and Ningxia from the 1910s until 1949. ... Ma Bufang (Chinese: 馬步芳; 1903–1975), was a prominent Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Qinghai. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ma Fuxiang (1876 - 1932), a Hui, was born in 1876, in Linxia, Gansu, China he was named the military governor of Xining, and then of Altay, in Qing times. ... Ma Hongkui 馬鴻逵, (1892-1970) was a prominent warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the northwestern province of Ningxia. ... Ma Hongbin 馬鴻賓 (b. ... Ma Lin (1873 - d. ... Ma Qi (1869 - 1931) A Muslim, he was born in 1869 in Daohe, now part of Linxia, Gansu, China. ... Ma Hu-shan(Ma huzhan) was parent of previous independentist Dungan Leader Ma Chung-ying. ... Bai Chongxi in uniform Bai Chongxi (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Pai Chung-hsi) (18 March 1893 – 1 December 1966), also spelled Pai Chung-hsi, was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC). ...

Scholars and writers

• Bai Shouyi, historian
• Tohti Tunyaz, historian
• Yusuf Ma Dexin, first translator of the Qur'an into Chinese
• Muhammad Ma Jian, author of the most popular Chinese translation of the Qur'an
• Liu Zhi, Qing Dynasty author
• Wang Daiyu, Master Supervisor of the Imperial Observatory during the Ming Dynasty
• Zhang Chengzhi, contemporary author

Bai Shouyi (Traditional &#30333;&#22781;&#24413;; Simplified &#30333;&#23551;&#24413;; Pinyin: Bái Shòuyì) (February 1909 _ March 21, 2000) was a prominent Chinese historian, thinker, social activist and ethnologist who revolutionized recent Chinese historiography and pioneered in relying heavily on scientific excavations and reports. ... Tohti Tunyaz (pen-name: Tohti Muzart) (born October 1, 1959) is an ethnic Uighur historian and writer. ... Yusuf Ma Dexin (1794-1874) was a Hui Chinese scholar of Islam from Yunnan, renowned for his fluency and proficiency in both Arabic and Persian, and for his profound Islamic knowledge. ... Muhammad Ma Jian, or Muhammad Makin, (1906-1978) was a Confucian scholar who became an Islamic jurist. ... Liu Zhi (ca. ... Wáng Dàiyú (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ) (ca. ... Zhang Chengzhi is a contemporary Hui Chinese author. ...

In politics

• Hui Liangyu, vice premier in charge of agriculture in the People's Republic of China
• Huseyincan Celil, Uyghur imam imprisoned in China
• Xabib Yunic, Education Minister of the Second East Turkistan Republic
• Muhammad Amin Bughra, Vice-Chief of the Second East Turkistan Republic

Hui Liangyu (born 1938) is the Vice Premier of China in charge of agriculture. ... Huseyincan Celil (zh: 侯赛因江·贾里力, ug: ) is a Uyghur-Canadian human rights activist. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Second Eastern Turkestan Republic, usually known simply as the East Turkistan Republic, was a short-lived Soviet-backed separatist republic in what is now the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Second Eastern Turkestan Republic, usually known simply as the East Turkistan Republic, was a short-lived Soviet-backed separatist republic in what is now the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. ...

Other

• Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang, calligrapher
• Ma Xianda, martial artist
• Ma Menta, organiser of Russia's Wushu Tongbei Federation

Hajji Noor Deen Mi Guangjiang (米廣江, born 1963) is an expert in Islamic calligraphy, specializing in the Sini style which originated from the Chinese Muslim tradition. ... Know as grandmaster Ma Xianda Ma was born in 1932 to a Muslim family who trace their martial arts roots back six generations. ... Chinese Muslim Master, Mr. ...

See also

• Islam by country
• Religion in China
• Demographics of the People's Republic of China
• Islamic Association of China
• Tibetan Muslims
• Christianity in China
• Hui people

Muslim percentage of population by country Distribution of Islam per country. ... Chinese monk lighting incense in a temple in Beijing. ... Demographics of China, Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands. ... The Islamic Association of China (Chinese: ) claims to represent Chinese Muslims nationwide. ... The Tibetan Muslims, also known as the Kachee (Kache), form a small minority in Tibet. ... The Lords Prayer in Chinese language. ... The Hui (回) ethnic group is unrelated to the Hui (å¾½) dialects. ...

Notes

References

• Reischauer, Edwin O. and Fairbank, John K., East Asia: The Great Tradition
• http://www.atimes.com/atimes/China/HI06Ad01.html
• www.muslimwikipedia Islam in China
• http://www.asiaquarterly.com/content/view/166/43

Edwin Oldfather Reischauer (October 15, 1910 - September 1, 1990) was Tokyo-born U.S. ambassador to Japan (1961-66) and the co-developer, with George M. McCune, of the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean. ... Fairbank is a city located in Buchanan County, Iowa. ...

External links

• Quran in Chinese
• Chinese Muslims forge isolated path
• Islam in China
• Photos of "Islam in China" by Photojournalist Sean Gallagher
• www.muslimwikipedia Islam in China
• The New York times
• islamawareness.net
• www.islamcn.net
• Islamic Chinese Art (Dru C. Gladney's photo album on Flickr.com)

v • d • e Islam by country
Islam in Africa	v • d • e Islam in Africa Sovereign states Algeria · Angola · Benin · Botswana · Burkina Faso · Burundi · Cameroon · Cape Verde · Central African Republic · Chad · Comoros · Democratic Republic of the Congo · Republic of the Congo · Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) · Djibouti · Egypt · Equatorial Guinea · Eritrea · Ethiopia · Gabon · The Gambia · Ghana · Guinea · Guinea-Bissau · Kenya · Lesotho · Liberia · Libya · Madagascar · Malawi · Mali · Mauritania · Mauritius · Morocco · Mozambique · Namibia · Niger · Nigeria · Rwanda · São Tomé and Príncipe · Senegal · Seychelles · Sierra Leone · Somalia · South Africa · Sudan · Swaziland · Tanzania · Togo · Tunisia · Uganda · Zambia · Zimbabwe Dependencies, autonomies and other territories Canary Islands (Spain) · Ceuta (Spain) · Madeira (Portugal) · Mayotte (France) · Melilla (Spain) · Puntland · Réunion (France) · St. Helena (UK) · Socotra (Yemen) · Somaliland · Southern Sudan · Western Sahara · Zanzibar (Tanzania)
Islam in Asia	v • d • e Islam in Asia Sovereign states and other territories Afghanistan · Armenia · Azerbaijan1 · Bahrain · Bangladesh · Bhutan · Brunei · Burma · Cambodia · China (People's Republic of China [Hong Kong · Macau]) · Cyprus · Egypt1 · Georgia1 · India · Indonesia1 · Iran · Iraq · Israel · Japan · Jordan · Kazakhstan1 · Korea (North Korea · South Korea) · Kuwait · Kyrgyzstan · Laos · Lebanon · Malaysia · Maldives · Mongolia · Nepal · Oman · Pakistan · Philippines · Qatar · Russia1 · Saudi Arabia · Singapore · Sri Lanka  · Syria · Taiwan · Tajikistan · Thailand · Timor-Leste (East Timor)1 · Turkey1 · Turkmenistan · United Arab Emirates · Uzbekistan · Vietnam · Yemen1 1countries spanning more than one continent
Islam in Europe	v • d • e Islam in Europe Sovereign states Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Austria · Azerbaijan2 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus1 · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia2 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan2 · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia3 · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey3 · Ukraine · United Kingdom (England · Scotland · Northern Ireland · Wales) Dependencies, autonomies, and other territories Abkhazia2 · Adjara1 · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo · Man, Isle of · Madeira4 · Nagorno-Karabakh1 · Nakhchivan1 · South Ossetia2 · Svalbard · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus1, 5 1 Entirely in Southwest Asia; included here because of cultural, political and historical association with Europe. 2 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. 3 Mostly in Asia. 4 Entirely in the African Plate, included here because of cultural, political and historical association with Europe. 5 Only recognised by Turkey. Islam started in Asia with the life of the Prophet Muhammad. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Islam has a rich heritage in China. ... Facade of the masjid. ... This article is in need of attention. ... It is estimated that there are up to 40,000 Muslim adherents in Korea (does not include migrant workers who live in Korea). ... It is estimated that there are up to 40,000 Muslim adherents in Korea. ... The vast majority of the people of Saudi Arabia are Sunni Muslims. ... Islam in Sri Lanka is practiced entirely by Sri Lankan Muslims, who make up approximately 8% of the population, comprise a group of minorities practicing the religion of Islam in Sri Lanka. ... Islam is a minority religion in East Timor. ... Jumeirah Mosque, built in stone in medieval Fatimid tradition, is an example of modern Islamic architecture and is one of the most photographed sights of Dubai More than 80 percent of the population of the UAE are noncitizens. ... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... Muslim percentage of population by country Distribution of Islam per country. ... Approximately 40% of all Africans are Muslims, in contrast to another 40% being Christians and 20% being non-religious or adherents to African religions. ... Approximately 40% of all Africans are Muslims, in contrast to another 40% being Christians and 20% being non-religious or adherents to African religions. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Grand Mosque in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Islam in Burkina Faso (Upper Volta) has a long and varied history. ... According to the U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report 2006, there is a small Muslim community in Cape Verde. ... Islam accounts for approximately 15% of the population of the Central African Republic, making it the 2nd most followed organized religion in the country after Christianity (50%). The vast majority of Central African Muslims live in the north, near the border with predominantly Muslim Chad. ... Islam in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not a recent phenomenon, as it has been present within the area since the 18th century, when Arab traders from East Africa pushed into the interior for slave-trading purposes. ... According to the CIA fact book, Muslims make up about 35-40% of the population of Côte dIvoire. ... According to the U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom Report 2006, practicioners of Islam comprised less than 1 percent of the population of Equatorial Guinea. ... The islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, with a total population of about 181,000, has about 5,500 Muslims or 3% of the total population, compared to the estimated 80% of the population professing Roman Catholicism, as per the islands long history as colony of overwhelmingly Catholic... Statistics for Islam in Sierra Leone estimate a Muslim population of 3,610,585, representing around 60 percent of the countrys total population. ... Islam in South Africa probably predates the colonial period, and consisted of isolated contact with Arab and East African traders. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Islam is the most prominent religion on the island of Zanzibar. ... Islam started in Asia with the life of the Prophet Muhammad. ... Islam started in Asia with the life of the Prophet Muhammad. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Islam has a rich heritage in China. ... Facade of the masjid. ... This article is in need of attention. ... It is estimated that there are up to 40,000 Muslim adherents in Korea (does not include migrant workers who live in Korea). ... It is estimated that there are up to 40,000 Muslim adherents in Korea. ... The vast majority of the people of Saudi Arabia are Sunni Muslims. ... Islam in Sri Lanka is practiced entirely by Sri Lankan Muslims, who make up approximately 8% of the population, comprise a group of minorities practicing the religion of Islam in Sri Lanka. ... Islam is a minority religion in East Timor. ... Jumeirah Mosque, built in stone in medieval Fatimid tradition, is an example of modern Islamic architecture and is one of the most photographed sights of Dubai More than 80 percent of the population of the UAE are noncitizens. ... This is a list of countries spanning more than one continent. ... This article deals with the history and the evolution of the Islamic religion in Europe. ... This article deals with the history and the evolution of the Islamic religion in Europe. ... This is an alphabetical list of the sovereign states of the world, including both de jure and de facto independent states. ... Muslims in Macedonia form nearly one third (between 30 and 33%) of the Former Yugoslav Republic´s total population. ... Islam in Montenegro is the second largest religion after Serbian Orthodoxy. ... Bajrakli Mosque in Belgrade The Muslims in Serbia are ethnically Bosnian and Albanians. ... Islam is the largest minority religion in the United Kingdom with a total of 1,591,000, (or 2. ... The arrival of Islam in Scotland is relatively recent. ... Islam is the largest minority religion in the United Kingdom with a total of 1,591,000, (or 2. ... A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Pitsunda Cathedral The population (including all ethnic groups) of Abkhazia (internationally recognised to constitute an autonomous republic of Georgia but de facto independent) is in majority Orthodox Christians (appx 75%) and Sunni Muslims (appx 10%).[1] Most of the ethnic Armenians living in Abkhazia belong to the Armenian Apostolic Church. ... Islam in Kosovo has a long standing tradition dating back to the conquering of the Balkans, including Kosovo, by the Ottoman Empire. ...  Southwest Asia in most contexts. ...  The African plate, shown in pinkish-orange The African Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of Africa and extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ...
Islam in North America	v • d • e Islam in North America Sovereign states Antigua and Barbuda · Bahamas · Barbados · Belize · Canada · Costa Rica · Cuba · Dominica · Dominican Republic · El Salvador · Grenada · Guatemala · Haiti · Honduras · Jamaica · Mexico · Nicaragua · Panama* · Saint Kitts and Nevis · Saint Lucia · Saint Vincent and the Grenadines · Trinidad and Tobago* · United States Dependencies and other territories Anguilla · Aruba* · Bermuda · British Virgin Islands · Cayman Islands · Greenland · Guadeloupe · Martinique · Montserrat · Navassa Island · Netherlands Antilles* · Puerto Rico · Saint Barthélemy · Saint Martin · Saint Pierre and Miquelon · Turks and Caicos Islands · U. S. Virgin Islands * Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (South America).
Islam in South America	v • d • e Islam in South America Sovereign states Argentina · Bolivia · Brazil · Chile · Colombia · Ecuador · Guyana · Panama* · Paraguay · Peru · Suriname · Trinidad and Tobago* · Uruguay · Venezuela Dependencies Aruba* (Netherlands) · Falkland Islands (UK) · French Guiana (France) · Netherlands Antilles* (Netherlands) · South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (UK) * Territories also in or commonly reckoned elsewhere in the Americas (North America).
Islam in Oceania	v • d • e Islam in Oceania Australasia Australia · Norfolk Island · Christmas Island · Cocos (Keeling) Islands · New Zealand Melanesia East Timor1 · Fiji · Indonesia1 · New Caledonia · Papua New Guinea · Solomon Islands · Vanuatu Micronesia Guam · Kiribati · Marshall Islands · Northern Mariana Islands · Federated States of Micronesia · Nauru · Palau Polynesia American Samoa · Cook Islands · French Polynesia · Niue · Pitcairn · Samoa · Tokelau · Tonga · Tuvalu · Wallis and Futuna 1 countries spanning more than one continent