Part of a series of articles on Islam The period of Muhammad before Medina started with his birth and ended in 622 with the Migration to Medina in 622. ... The period when Muhammad in Medina started with the Migration to Medina in 622 and ended with the Conquest of Mecca in 630. ... The period when Muhammad in Medina started with the Conquest of Mecca in 630 and ended with the his death in 632. ... Succession to Muhammad concerns the different viewpoints and beliefs that are held in relation to the succession to the leadership of the Muslim community, or ummah, after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad Muhammad died in 632 CE. in Medina following a brief illness. ... Imprint of seal stamped on letters sent by Muhammad. ... Muhammad (c. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Muslim beliefs concerning Muhammad in some aspects vary widely between the sects of Islam. ... Islamic poetry is rich in the praise of prophet Muhammad. ... There is no coherent non-Muslim view of Muhammad, expect that most (with a few exceptions) do not regard him as a true prophet of God. ... Among the Non-Islamic view of Muhamads historicity are views that doubt the more general account presented by the Islamic sources. ... Depictions of Muhammad usually refer to drawings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and can be a contentious matter. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...     History of Islam For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Mosque02. ... The History of Islam involves the history of the Islamic faith as a religion and as a social institution. ...

Beliefs and practices

Oneness of God Profession of Faith Prayer • Fasting Charity • Pilgrimage Aqidah. ... TawhÄ«d (also Tawhid or Tauhid or Tawheed; Arabic توحيد) is the Islamic concept of monotheism, derived from Ahad. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Tawhid. ... The shahadah (Arabic:   translit: ) (Turkish: Åžehadet) is the Islamic creed. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Zakât (or Zakaat or Zakah) (English:tax, alms, tithe) (Arabic: زكاة, Old (Quran) Arabic: زكوة) is the third of the Five Pillars of Islam in Sunni Islam and one of the Branches of Religion in Shia Islam. ... The Hajj (Arabic: ‎ translit: ), (Turkish:Hac) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam. ...

Major figures

Muhammad Companions of Muhammad Prophets of Islam This page is a list of Muslims in various professions and fields. ... For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... In Islam, the Sahāba (الصحابة) were the companions of the prophet Muhammad. ... The Quran identifies a number of men as Prophets of Islam (Arabic: nabee نبي ; pl. ...

Texts & Laws

Qur'an • Sharia • Hadith Jurisprudence • Theology Biographies of Muhammad // Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... The Qurān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also called The Noble Quran; also transliterated as Quran, Koran (the traditional term in English), and Al-Quran), is the central religious text of Islam. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ... Hadith (Arabic: ‎ translit: ) are traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ... For the river and also village in Norway named Sira, see Sira, Norway. ...

Branches of Islam

Sunni • Shi'a • Kharijite The religion of Islam has many divisions, sects, schools, traditions, and related faiths. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, Shiite or Shiism (Arabic: ‎ , translit: ) is the second largest denomination of the religion based on Islam. ... Kharijites were members of an Islamic sect in late 7th and early 8th century AD, concentrated in todays southern Iraq. ...

Societal aspects

Academics • History Philosophy • Science Art • Architecture • Cities Calendar • Holidays Women • Sufism Leaders • Politics • Islamism Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic art is the art of Islamic people, cultures, and countries. ... Islamic architecture, a part of the Islamic studies, is the entire range of architecture that has evolved within Muslim culture in the course of the history of Islam. ... // This is a list of cities that various groups regard as holy. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to celebrate Islamic holy days. ... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Islam considers men and women to be equal by nature. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Islamic religious leaders have traditionally been persons who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. ... This article or section needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... It has been suggested that Islamic fundamentalism be merged into this article or section. ...

See also

Vocabulary of Islam Anti-Islam sentiment The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islam and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ... This box: view • talk • edit

Muslims have many ways to express veneration for Muhammad, as an acknowledgement of him being the final prophet of Islam. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (disambiguation). ... Seal of the Prophets (Khatam-an-Nabi) is a title given to Muhammad by a verse in the Quran (33:40). ... The Quran identifies a number of men as Prophets of Islam (Arabic: nabee نبي ; pl. ... For other uses, including people named Islam, see Islam (disambiguation). ...

Overview

The now Public domain Encyclopedia Brittanica states: The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt - look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelt with æ, the ae-ligature) is the oldest English-language general encyclopedia. ...

Muhammad and Islamic piety One cannot understand Islamic piety without comprehending the role of Muhammad in it. His birthday is celebrated throughout the Islamic world during the month of Rabi'al-Awwal, not in the same way that Christians celebrate Christmas but as a major feast. Only in Wahhabi-dominated Saudi Arabia are these celebrations not encouraged publicly; there they are somewhat subdued. In the rest of the Islamic world, the miracles associated with his life, such as the “cleaving of the moon” (shaqq al-qamar), the Qur'anic revelation through an unlettered (ummi) person, his Nocturnal Journey, and other events, are celebrated in numerous ways. Ordinary Muslims as well as the highly educated repeat the Qur'anic dictum that Muhammad was sent as “mercy unto all the worlds” (rahmatan li' al-'alamin). People ask for his shifa'ah, or intercession on the Day of Judgment, hoping to assemble that day under the green “flag of praise” (liwa' al-hamd) carried by him. Muslims experience the Prophet as a living reality and believe that he has an ongoing relation not only with human beings but also with animals and plants. His relics are held sacred, and major edifices such as the Jami' Mosque of Delhi, India, have been constructed around them. His own tomb is, after the Ka'bah in Mecca, the most important site of Islamic pilgrimage, and all other pilgrimage sites—from Moulay Idris in Morocco to the Shi'ite places of pilgrimage in Iran and Iraq to the tomb of Mu'in al-Din Chishti in Ajmer in India—are considered “extensions” of his mausoleum in Medina. Image File history File links Cquote1. ... The benediction upon the Prophet punctuates daily Muslim life, and traditional Islamic life reminds one at every turn of his ubiquitous presence. He even plays a major role in dreams. There are many prayers recited in order to be able to have a dream of the Prophet, who promised that the Devil could never appear in a dream in the form of Muhammad. Not only for saints and mystics but also for many ordinary pious people, a simple dream of the Prophet has been able to transform a whole human life. One might say that the reality of the Prophet penetrates the life of Muslims on every level, from the external existence of the individual and of Islamic society as a whole to the life of the psyche and the soul and finally to the life of the spirit.[1]

Image File history File links Cquote2. ...

In speaking and writing

When speaking or writing, Muhammad's name is often followed by the phrase "peace be upon him," in English often abbreviated to PBUH or simply "(p)". Peace be upon him (Arabic: صلى الله عليه وسلم;ﷺ; salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam, also transliterated as sallalahu aleyhi wasallam) is a phrase that Muslims are required to say after mentioning the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Jesus Christ, Abraham and all the other prophets cited in the Holy Quran. ... Primarily used with reference to Prophet Mohamed - Peace be upon him In some cases it is also used in conjunction with female deities to mean Peace Be Upon Her. ...

Muhammad is often referenced with titles of praise:

• Al Mustafa, "the chosen one"
• Al Rasul, "the Messenger"
• Al Nabi, "the Prophet"
• Al Khatim, "the seal"
• Al Ummi, "the unlettered one"
• Al Amin, "the trustworthy"
• Al Sadiq, "the truthful"
• Al Mutawkkil, "the one who puts his trust [in God]"
• Al Kutham, "the generous one"
• Al Fatih, "the opener"
• Al Mahi, "the eraser [of disbelief]" ^[2]
• Al Hashir, "the gatherer [of souls on the day of judgement]" ^[2]
• Al Aqib, "the last [prophet]" ^[2]
• Al Dahuk, "the one who smiles, the cheerful one"

Also:

• Abu al-Qasem
• Ahmad, "the chosen one" ^[2]

Muhammad Maher Hamadeh, in his Ph.D. dissertation, lists 1,548 different titles of praise for Muhammad.^{[citation needed]}

See also this.

Praise in poetry and music

Islamic poetry is rich in the praise and flattery of Muhammad. Rarely is there any Muslim poet who is without any piece written on him. In fact there is a special class of poetry, known as Nasheed (Arabic) or Naat (urdu), devoted to such praise. This is inspired by the Islamic traditions (ahadith) that each act of veneration would result in 10 times the blessing of God on the praiser. (see Praise of Muhammad in poetry).
Concerts of Muslim and especially Sufi devotional music include songs praising Muhammad (see Islamic music, Sufism). A poet is some one who writes poetry. ... Nasheeds (Arabic: أناشيد) are Islamic-oriented songs. ... A Naat (Persian: نعت ) is poetry that specifically praises the prophet Muhammad. ... The Hadith (الحديث, pl. ... Islamic poetry is rich in the praise of prophet Muhammad. ... Islamic music is Muslim religious music, as sung or played in public services or private devotions. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The birthday of Muhammad (Mawlid)

Some Muslims celebrate Muhammad's birthday with elaborate festivities. Cities and homes are illuminated with colorful lights and candles, parades and processions are carried out, and conferences on the life of the Prophet are held. Other Muslims, such as the Salafi sect, feel that such celebrations are idolatry or shirk or innovations and discountenance them. According to scholarly consensus among Sunni scholars, singling out a particularly day to celebrate the birth of the Prophet and to celebrate it in a fashion that is similar to celebrations held by non-Muslims is especially sinful and is also considered Bid'ah. Mawlid, Mawlid an-Nabi or Milad al-Nabi (Arabic: ) is the celebration of the birthday of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam; also known as The Seal of the Prophets. Sunni Muslims celebrate this day on the 12th of Rabi-ul-Awwal in the Islamic calendar; whereas Twelver Shia... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Shirk (Arabic شرك) is the Islamic concept of the sin of polytheism. ...

Punishment of criticism

Criticism of Muhammad is often equated with blasphemy, which is punishable (by death) in some Muslim-majority or Islamic states. This is because the Muslim belief is that Muhammad was the messenger of God himself, and that his actions were willed by God. ^{[citation needed]}Many Muslims believe that to reject and criticise Muhammad is to reject and criticise God.^{[citation needed]} Look up blasphemy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Allāh is the Arabic language word referring to God, the Lord and, literally according to the Quran, to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the Abrahamic religions. ...

The most notorious recent case of a critic condemned to death is that of Salman Rushdie, who wrote a novel (The Satanic Verses), satirizing Muhammad as a cynical schemer and his wives as prostitutes. In 1989 Rushdie was condemned to death in a fatwa issued by Iran's theocratic leader, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Rushdie had to go into hiding for years. Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie (born Ahmed Salman Rushdie, Urdu: , Hindi: on June 19, 1947, in Bombay, India) is a British-Indian essayist and author of fiction, most of which is set on the Indian subcontinent. ... The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdies fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. ... A fatwa (Arabic: ) plural fatāwa , is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue. ... Ayatollah (Arabic: آية الله; Persian: آيت‌الله) is a high rank given to major Shia clerics. ... Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini founded the Islamic Republic of Iran Imam/Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( ) (Persian: روح الله موسوي خمینی Arabic: روح الله الموسوي الخميني) (May 17, 1900?[1] – June 3, 1989) was a Shi`i Muslim cleric and marja, and the political leader of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi...

Pakistan is frequently in the news for prosecutions under its strict blasphemy law. If the courts decline to act, angry crowds have been known to lynch the suspected blasphemer.[2] Lynch may be: One of the fourteen tribes of Galway Colonel Charles Lynch, an officer on the Patriot side of the American Revolutionary War David Lynch, American film director David Lynch (musician), American Jazz musician Evanna Lynch, Irish actress Gerard Lynch, United States Federal Court judge Jessica Lynch (fl. ...

In 2005 a Danish newspaper, the Jyllands-Posten, printed some drawings of Muhammed, some of which were considered unflattering. Some countries -- Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iraq among them -- protested vigorously to the Danish government for not taking action against the newspaper, but the Danish government responded that it does not control the media. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... The image is page three of Jyllands-Postens culture section from 2005-09-30 with the twelve drawings of Muhammad. ...

Relics of the prophet

Relics of the prophet, such as his grave, his sword, his clothing, are revered. The largest collection of such relics is to be found in Istanbul's Topkapi Palace museum, where the Pavilion of the Holy Mantle contains items said to be Muhammad's robe, his banner, his footprint, some of his hair, etc. [3], [4], [5] Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural, and economic centre. ... Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish, literally the Cannongate Palace - named after a nearby gate), located in Istanbul (Constantinople), was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1465 to 1853. ...

Other sites displaying items said to be relics of Muhammad:

• Jama Masjid, New Delhi, India, displays a red beard-hair of the prophet, his sandals, and his footprint, embedded in a marble slab.
• Hazrat Bal Dargah, Mosque of the Prophet's Hair, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad, India, claims to have a hair from Muhammad's beard, his cloak, and his footprint.
• Noor Mahal, Uch, Pakistan, claims to hold one of Muhammad's hairs.
• Badshahi Mosque Museum, Lahore, Pakistan, once held a pair of shoes said to have belonged to Muhammad. They were stolen in 2002.
• Karka Sharif, Kandahar, Afghanistan, said to hold Muhammad's cloak.

All the relics could be said to be of dubious origin, and many Muslims often dismiss them as not being authentic. The Jama Masjid is a mosque near Crawford Market in the South Mumbai region of Mumbai, India. ... The Humayuns Tomb, situated in New Delhi, has an architectural design similar to the Taj Mahal. ... Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri: جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر, Hindi:जम्मू और कश्मीर) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of Republic of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Hyderabad or Haydarābād (Telugu: హైదరాబాదు Urdu: حیدر آباد ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Uch, also known as Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab, is a historical city in Pakistan. ... The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاهى مسجد), literally the Royal Mosque, was built in 1674 by Aurangzeb. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the second largest city of Pakistan and is the capital of the province of Punjab. ... For the 2001 movie by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, see Kandahar (film). ...

Muhammad is buried in Masjid-al-Nabi, the Prophet's Mosque, in Medina, in what is now Saudi Arabia [6]. The Saudi government adheres to the Wahabi or Salafi sect of Sunni Islam, and discourages veneration of relics and graves, as do the majority of scholars of the Sunni schools of thought. The Masjid-al-Nabi is said to have been extensively "modernized" by the Saudis, who removed many traces of the piety of previous ages. Masjid al-Nabawi or Mosque of the Prophet is the second holiest mosque in the Islamic world. ... Medina (Arabic: ‎ or المدينة ; also transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ...

Visual representation

Main article: Depictions of Muhammad

While most of Islam was predominantly aniconistic during most of its history, there are rich traditions of visual representation of the Prophet, mainly in the form of paintings and illustrations in religious or hagiographical texts. The Prophet is never depicted visually by any Muslim. If any other religious figure is depicted, their face is never shown and often they are shown with their head veiled in sheets embroided with Qur'anic text - yet any representation of even the human figure is forbidden, especially in Sunni Islam. representations of any religious figure is condemned in Islam; all Sunni branches adhere to this rule, whereas Shi'as do not have such a strict rule of this, as shown by many images of their imams, including Ali. Depictions of Muhammad usually refer to drawings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and can be a contentious matter. ... Aniconism is the absence of representations, in a restricted sense that of God and living beings, and more generally of any type of artificial production of substitutes. ... Hagiography is the study of saints. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ...

See also

• Durood

Whenever a Muslim reads/speaks/hears the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, he prays a specific hadith called Darood or Durood described in the books of hadiths. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-251805
2. ^ ^a b c d Sahih Bukhari [1]

also: Sahih Bukhari is one of the Sunni six major Hadith collections (Hadith are oral traditions recounting events in the lives of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers). ...

• Schimmel, Annemarie. 1985. And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-4128-5.