Muslim beliefs concerning the anti semitic and convert or die atitude of muhammad are varied between muslims. Muhammad in some aspects vary widely between the sects of Islam. This article focuses on these sects' doctrines and beliefs surrounding Muhammad. // In parentheses is the year they died. ... The period of Muhammad before Medina started with his birth and ended in 622 with the Migration to Medina in 622. ... The period when Muhammad in Medina started with the Migration to Medina in 622 and ended with the Conquest of Mecca in 630. ... The period when Muhammad in Medina started with the Conquest of Mecca in 630 and ended with the his death in 632. ... Succession to Muhammad concerns the different viewpoints and beliefs that are held in relation to the succession to the leadership of the Muslim community, or ummah, after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad Muhammad died in 632 CE. in Medina following a brief illness. ... Imprint of seal stamped on letters sent by Muhammad. ... Muhammad, viewed by Muslims as the last prophet of Islam, was, amongst other things, a military leader during the last ten years of his life. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Between 610 and 661 there were a number of social reforms that occurred during the time of Muhammads mission and also later under his four immediate successors usually refered to as the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. ... Muhammad and the Christians had several interactions. ... Muhammad (A.D. 570-632) is regarded by Muslims as the last prophet of God (Allah/الله). He is also a political figure who unified many of the tribes and city states of Arabia. ... This article is about the Islamic prophet Muhammads attitude towards animals. ... Mawlid, Mawlid an-Nabi or Milad al-Nabi (Arabic: ‎) is the celebration of the birthday of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam; also known as The Seal of the Prophets. Shia Muslims celebrate this day on the 17th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, coinciding with the birth date of the... Islamic poetry is rich in the praise of prophet Muhammad. ... This article or section seems to contain too many quotations for an encyclopedia entry. ... Among the non-Islamic view of Muhamads historicity are views that doubt the more general account presented by the Islamic sources. ... This is a sub-article to Criticism of Islam and Non-Muslim view of Muhammad Muslims consider Muhammad to be the final and greatest prophet, the messenger of the final revelation that he called the Qur’an. ... Depictions of Muhammad usually refer to drawings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and can be a contentious matter. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...

Veneration of Muhammad

Muslims have many ways to express veneration for Muhammad, as an acknowledgement of him being the final prophet of Islam. A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... This article is becoming very long. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Prophets of Islam are human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (مسلم), believe God (Arabic: الله ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...

The doctrine of Sinlessness of Muhammad

Common beliefs

• All Muslims believe that Muhammad was sinless in the sense of transmitting the revelation:

“And if the apostle were to invent any sayings in Our name, We should certainly seize him by his right hand, And We should certainly then cut off the artery of his heart: Nor could any of you withhold him (from Our wrath).” 69:44-47.

Sunni beliefs

The understanding that Muhammad and the other Prophets in Islam did commit sins does exist among Sunnis. However, the doctrine of sinlessness of Muhammad is also more or less incorporated into Sunnis beliefs. Some Sunni scholars believe that the doctrine of the sinlessness of the Islamic prophets originated with the Shi'a, specifically in connection with the Imamate, and was transmitted to the Sunnis via the Sufis and Mu'tazila. ^[1]. Shia scholars disagree ^[2].

Some stories say that angels split Muhammad's breast when he was but a child and pulled out all the sin, which appeared as a clot of blood.

Shia beliefs

The doctorine of sinlessness in Shia'ism is called Ismah(Arabic/Persian: ِعصمت) literally means 'protection' and is generally translated as "sinlessness". Protection is believed to be of three types of "Protection from mistake in receiving the revelation from Allah", "Protection from mistake in conveying the revelation of Allah" and "Protection from sins." It is believed that all the prophets in Islam, Fatima, and the twelve descendants of Muhammad through Fatima are sinless. ^[3] Ismah is the concept of infallibility in Islam. ...

The Shi'a teaches that Muhammad, Fatima together with the twelve descendants of Muhammad through Fatima are purified by God (See the Event of the Cloak). They are commonly called fourteen infallibles. Though the fourteen infallibles are human being and may be tempted by Satan towards sin, it is believed that they will be helped by God to overcome Satan’s temptations. The following verse of Qur’an is sometimes cited to prove this position. Shia Islam, also Shiite Islam, or Shiism (Arabic:شيعة, Persian:شیعه translit: ) is a denomination of the Islamic faith. ... The Event Of The Cloak (Arabic: ; transliterated: Hadiyth al-Kisa), is the event where the prophet [[Muhammad],PBUH, collected Hassan ibn Ali, Husayn ibn Ali, Ali and Fatimah in his cloak. ...

(Satan) said: "O my Lord! because Thou hast put me in the wrong, I will make (wrong) fair-seeming to them on the earth, and I will put them all in the wrong,- Except Thy servants among them, sincere and purified (by Thy Grace)." (15:39-40)

Some relevant Qur’anic verses

[According to Yusuf Ali translation]

(Prophet Joseph said) "Nor do I absolve my own self (of blame): the (human) soul is certainly prone to evil, unless my Lord do bestow His Mercy: but surely my Lord is Oft- forgiving, Most Merciful." (12:53)

"Patiently, then, persevere: for the Promise of Allah is true: and ask forgiveness for thy fault, and celebrate the Praises of thy Lord in the evening and in the morning."(40:55)

“ That Allah may forgive thee thy faults of the past and those to follow; fulfil His favour to thee; and guide thee on the Straight Way;” (48:2)

“Know, therefore, that there is no god but Allah, and ask forgiveness for thy fault, and for the men and women who believe: for God knows how ye move about and how ye dwell in your homes.” (47:19)

When was Muhammad’s soul created?

Shia beliefs

Some Shi'a believe that the souls of Muhammad and all the Five Pure Ones were created at the beginning of the world, and it was through them that all the rest of creation arose. Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ‎) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ...

What was the fate of Muhammad's soul after his death?

Barelvi views

Barelvis believe that Muhammad is not gone, but that his spirit pervades the world and can be reached by true seekers. A name given to the Sunni Muslims of the Indian subcontinent. ...

For the Barelvis, (who are mostly from the Pakistan province of Punjab) the holy Prophet is a superhuman figure whose presence is all around us at all times; he is Hazir (present); he is not Bashar (material or flesh) but Nur (light). [2]

It has been stated in the Hadith: "Verily, Almighty Allah has made it Haraam upon the earth to eat the bodies of the Ambiya". It has also been stated that Ambiya are alive and are blessed with Sustenance from Almighty Allah. [3]

Muslim description of Muhammad

Common beliefs

Say: "I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your Allah is one Allah. whoever expects to meet his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner. (18:110)

Miracles

Most Muslims believe that Muhammad performed miracles, such as splitting the moon. Not all Muslims accept such miraculous events.

Islamic Piety

The now public domain Encyclopædia Britannica states: The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general encyclopedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. ...

In speaking and writing

When speaking or writing, Muhammad's name is often followed by the phrase "peace be upon him," in English often abbreviated to PBUH or simply "(p)". Peace be upon him (Arabic: صلى الله عليه وسلم;ﷺ; salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam, also transliterated as sallalahu aleyhi wasallam) is a phrase that Muslims are required to say after mentioning the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Jesus Christ, Abraham and all the other prophets cited in the Holy Quran. ... Primarily used with reference to Prophet Mohamed - Peace be upon him In some cases it is also used in conjunction with female deities to mean Peace Be Upon Her. ...

Muhammad is often referenced with titles of praise:

• Al Mustafa, "the chosen one"
• Al Rasul, "the Messenger"
• Al Nabi, "the Prophet"
• Al Khatim, "the seal"
• Al Ummi, "the unlettered one"
• Al Amin, "the trustworthy"
• Al Sadiq, "the truthful"
• Al Mutawkkil, "the one who puts his trust [in God]"
• Al Kutham, "the generous one"
• Al Fatih, "the opener"
• Al Mahi, "the eraser [of disbelief]" ^[5]
• Al Hashir, "the gatherer [of souls on the day of judgement]" ^[5]
• Al Aqib, "the last [prophet]" ^[5]
• Al Dahuk, "the one who smiles, the cheerful one"

Also:

• Abu al-Qasem
• Ahmad, "the chosen one" ^[5]

Muhammad Maher Hamadeh, in his Ph.D. dissertation, lists 1,548 different titles of praise for Muhammad.^{[citation needed]}

See also this.

Praise in poetry and music

Islamic poetry is rich in the praise and flattery of Muhammad. Rarely is there any Muslim poet who is without any piece written on him. In fact there is a special class of poetry, known as Nasheed (Arabic) or Naat (urdu), devoted to such praise. This is inspired by the Islamic traditions (ahadith) that each act of veneration would result in 10 times the blessing of God on the praiser. (see Praise of Muhammad in poetry).
Concerts of Muslim and especially Sufi devotional music include songs praising Muhammad (see Islamic music, Sufism). A poet is someone who writes poetry. ... Nasheeds (Arabic: أناشيد; also spelt Nasyid in Malaysia) are Islamic-oriented songs. ... A Naat (Persian: نعت ) is poetry that specifically praises the prophet Muhammad. ... The Hadith (الحديث, pl. ... Islamic poetry is rich in the praise of prophet Muhammad. ... Islamic music is Muslim religious music, as sung or played in public services or private devotions. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition of Islam encompassing a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah/God, divine love and sometimes to help a fellow man. ...

The birthday of Muhammad (Mawlid)

Some Muslims celebrate Muhammad's birthday with elaborate festivities. Cities and homes are illuminated with colorful lights and candles, parades and processions are carried out, and conferences on the life of Muhammad are held. Other Muslims, such as the Salafi sect, feel that such celebrations are idolatry or shirk or innovations and discountenance them. According to scholarly consensus among Sunni scholars, singling out a particularly day to celebrate Muhammad's birth and to celebrate it in a fashion that is similar to celebrations held by non-Muslims is especially sinful and is also considered Bid'ah. Mawlid, Mawlid an-Nabi or Milad al-Nabi (Arabic: ‎) is the celebration of the birthday of Muhammad, the final prophet of Islam; also known as The Seal of the Prophets. Shia Muslims celebrate this day on the 17th of Rabi-ul-Awwal, coinciding with the birth date of the... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Shirk (Arabic شرك) is the Islamic concept of the sin of polytheism. ...

Punishment of criticism

Criticism of Muhammad is often equated with blasphemy, which is punishable (by death) in some Muslim-majority or Islamic states. This is because the Muslim belief is that Muhammad was the messenger of God himself, and that his actions were willed by God. ^{[citation needed]}Many Muslims believe that to reject and criticise Muhammad is to reject and criticise God.^{[citation needed]} Look up blasphemy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Allah is the Arabic language word referring to God, the Lord and, literally according to the Quran, to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the Abrahamic religions. ...

The most notorious recent case of a critic condemned to death is that of Salman Rushdie, who wrote a novel (The Satanic Verses), satirizing Muhammad as a cynical schemer and his wives as prostitutes. In 1989 Rushdie was condemned to death in a fatwa issued by Iran's theocratic leader, the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini. Rushdie had to go into hiding for years. Salman Rushdie (born Ahmed Salman Rushdie, Urdu: ‎, on June 19, 1947, in Bombay, India) is a British-Indian essayist and author of fiction, most of which is set on the Indian subcontinent. ... The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdies fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad. ... A fatwa (Arabic: ‎; plural fatāwa), is a legal pronouncement in Islam made by a mufti, a scholar capable of issuing judgments on Sharia (Islamic law). ... Ayatollah redirects here. ... Grand Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini ( ) (Persian: روح الله موسوی خمینی Arabic: روح الله الموسوي الخميني) (May 17, 1900[1] – June 3, 1989) was a Shi`i Muslim cleric and marja, and the political leader of the 1979 Islamic Revolution of Iran which saw the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran. ...

Pakistan is frequently in the news for prosecutions under its strict blasphemy law. If the courts decline to act, angry crowds have been known to lynch the suspected blasphemer.[4] Lynch may be: One of the fourteen tribes of Galway Colonel Charles Lynch, an officer on the Patriot side of the American Revolutionary War David Lynch, American film director David Lynch (musician), American Jazz musician Evanna Lynch, Irish actress Gerard Lynch, United States Federal Court judge Jessica Lynch (fl. ...

In 2005 a Danish newspaper, the Jyllands-Posten, printed some drawings of Muhammed, some of which were considered unflattering. Some countries -- Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Iraq among them -- protested vigorously to the Danish government for not taking action against the newspaper, but the Danish government responded that it does not control the media. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jyllands-Posten , full name: (help· info) (English: The Morning Newspaper / The Jutland Post), is Denmarks largest-selling daily newspaper. ... The image is page three of Jyllands-Postens culture section from 2005-09-30 with the twelve drawings of Muhammad. ...

Relics of Muhammad

Relics of the Muhammad, such as his grave, his sword, his clothing, are revered. The largest collection of such relics is to be found in Istanbul's Topkapi Palace museum, where the Pavilion of the Holy Mantle contains items said to be Muhammad's robe, his banner, his footprint, some of his hair, etc.[5][6][7] Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: Konstandinúpoli, historically known in English as Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and economic center. ... Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish, literally the Cannongate Palace - named after a nearby gate), located in Istanbul (Constantinople), was the administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1465 to 1853. ...

Other sites displaying items said to be relics of Muhammad:

• Jama Masjid, New Delhi, India, displays a red beard-hair of the prophet, his sandals, and his footprint, embedded in a marble slab.
• Hazrat Bal Dargah, Mosque of the Prophet's Hair, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Mecca Masjid, Hyderabad, India, claims to have a hair from Muhammad's beard, his cloak, and his footprint.
• Noor Mahal, Uch, Pakistan, claims to hold one of Muhammad's hairs.
• Badshahi Mosque Museum, Lahore, Pakistan, once held a pair of shoes said to have belonged to Muhammad. They were stolen in 2002.
• Karka Sharif, Kandahar, Afghanistan, said to hold Muhammad's cloak.

All the relics could be said to be of dubious origin, and many Muslims often dismiss them as not being authentic. The Jama Masjid is a mosque near Crawford Market in the South Mumbai region of Mumbai, India. ... New Delhi   (Hindi: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ‎) is an urban area within the metropolis of Delhi, and the capital city of the Republic of India, as well as the seat of the Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. ... Jammu and Kashmir   (IPA: , Kashmiri: جۄم تٕہ کٔشِیر ज्वम त॒ कॅशीर, Urdu:جموں Ùˆ کشمیر, Hindi:जम्मू और कश्मीर) (often abbreviated as Kashmir), is the northern-most state of Republic of India, lying mostly in the Himalayan mountains. ... Categories: Possible copyright violations ... Hyderabad or Haydarābād (Telugu: హైదరాబాదు Urdu: حیدر آباد ) is the capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. ... Uch, also known as Alexandria at the Head of the Punjab, is a historical city in Pakistan. ... The Badshahi Masjid (بادشاهى مسجد), literally the Royal Mosque, was built in 1674 by Aurangzeb. ... Lahore (Urdu: لاہور) is the capital of the province of Punjab, and the second most populated city in Pakistan, also known as the Gardens of the Mughals or City of Gardens, after the significant rich heritage of the Mughal Empire. ... For the 2001 movie by Mohsen Makhmalbaf, see Kandahar (film). ...

Muhammad is buried in Masjid-al-Nabi, the Prophet's Mosque, in Medina, in what is now Saudi Arabia [8]. The Saudi government adheres to the Wahabi or Salafi sect of Sunni Islam, and discourages veneration of relics and graves, as do the majority of scholars of the Sunni schools of thought. The Masjid-al-Nabi is said to have been extensively "modernized" by the Saudis, who removed many traces of the piety of previous ages. Masjid al-Nabawi or Mosque of the Prophet is the second holiest mosque in the Islamic world. ... Medina (Arabic: ‎ IPA: or المدينة IPA: ; also transliterated into English as Madinah) is a city in the Hejaz region of western Saudi Arabia. ... Wahhabism (sometimes spelled Wahabbism or Wahabism) is a movement of Islam named after Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab (1703–1792). ... This article is on the beliefs of the followers of the Salaf. ... Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ...

Visual representation

Main article: Depictions of Muhammad

While most of Islam was predominantly aniconistic during most of its history, there are rich traditions of visual representation of Muhammad, mainly in the form of paintings and illustrations in religious or hagiographical texts. Muhammad is never depicted visually by any Muslim. If any other religious figure is depicted, their face is never shown and often they are shown with their head veiled in sheets embroided with Qur'anic text - yet any representation of even the human figure is forbidden, especially in Sunni Islam. representations of any religious figure is condemned in Islam; all Sunni branches adhere to this rule, whereas Shi'as do not have such a strict rule of this, as shown by many images of their imams, including Ali. Visual depictions are forbidden because this can distort information about the person, and they are thought to be unnecessary since the focus should be on the message the person carried rather than what their face looked like. Depictions of Muhammad usually refer to drawings of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and can be a contentious matter. ... Aniconism is the absence of representations, in a restricted sense that of God and living beings, and more generally of any type of artificial production of substitutes. ... Hagiography is the study of saints. ... Prophet Muhammad ( peace be upon him ) was the final prophet in Islam. ...

See also

• Durood

Whenever a Muslim reads/speaks/hears the name of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, he prays a specific hadith called Darood or Durood described in the books of hadiths. ...

References

1. ^ The Sinlessness of the Prophets in Light of the Qur'an, by R. Azzam, USC-MSA Compendium of Muslim Texts, March 27, 2000, retrieved March 27, 2006
2. ^ Are Prophets of Allah not Sinless?, by Ali A. Khalfan, May 07, 2005, retrieved March 27, 2006
3. ^ Are Prophets of Allah not Sinless?, by Ali A. Khalfan, May 07, 2005, retrieved March 27, 2006
4. ^ http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-251805
5. ^ ^{a b c d} Sahih Bukhari [1]

• Schimmel, Annemarie. 1985. And Muhammad is His Messenger: The Veneration of the Prophet in Islamic Piety. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-4128-0.