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Encyclopedia > Isle Royale National Park
Isle Royale National Park
IUCN Category Ib (Wilderness Area)
Location Michigan, USA
Nearest city Thunder Bay, Ontario
Coordinates 48°6′0″N 88°33′0″W / 48.1, -88.55
Area 571,790 acres
(2,314 km²)
Established April 3, 1940
Total visitation 17,070 (in 2006)
Governing body National Park Service

Isle Royale National Park is a U.S. National Park in the state of Michigan. Isle Royale, the largest island in Lake Superior, is over 45 miles (72 km) in length and 9 miles (14 km) wide at its widest point.[1] The park is made of Isle Royale itself and multiple smaller islands, along with any submerged lands within 4.5 miles (7.24 km) of the surrounding islands(16USC408g). Isle Royale National Park was established on April 3, 1940, was designated as a Wilderness Area in 1976, and was made an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980. It is a relatively small national park at 894 square miles (2,314 km²), with only 209 square miles (542 km²) above water. The World Conservation Union or International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international organization dedicated to natural resource conservation. ... Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... Image File history File links Red_pog. ... Image File history File links US_Locator_Blank. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Nickname: Motto: Superior by nature Location of Thunder Bay, Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Region Northwestern Ontario District Thunder Bay District CMA Thunder Bay Established 1970 (amalgamation between Fort William and Port Arthur) Incorporated as Towns Port Arthur in 1884 Fort William in 1892 Incorporated as Cities Both Port... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ... The parks of the United States National Park system are one type of protected area in the United States and are operated by the National Park Service. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area  Ranked 11th  - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 km²)  - Width 239 miles (385 km)  - Length 491 miles (790 km)  - % water 41. ... Isle Royale is an island of the Great Lakes, located in the northwest of Lake Superior. ... Lake Superior, bounded by Ontario, Canada and Minnesota, USA, to the north and Wisconsin and Michigan, USA, to the south, is the largest of North Americas Great Lakes. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Broadly, a wilderness area is a region where the land is left in a state where human modifications are minimal; that is, as a wilderness. ... Year 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the 1976 Gregorian calendar. ... A Biosphere Reserve is an international conservation designation for reserves designated by UNESCO under the MaB (Man and the Biosphere) Programme. ... Year 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar). ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 km² and 10,000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... To help compare different orders of magnitude and geographical regions, we list here areas between 100 km² and 1000 km². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ...

Contents

Human history

The island was once the site of a fishing industry, native copper mining and a resort community. Because numerous small islands surround Isle Royale, ships were once guided through the area by lighthouses at Passage Island, Rock Harbor, Rock of Ages, and Isle Royale Lighthouse on Menagerie Island. A HDR image of a traditional lighthouse For other uses, see Lighthouse (disambiguation). ...


Natural history

Official map of Isle Royale National Park courtesy of NPS
Official map of Isle Royale National Park courtesy of NPS

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2451x1095, 373 KB)Official National Park Service Map of Isle Royale National Park. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2451x1095, 373 KB)Official National Park Service Map of Isle Royale National Park. ...

Ecology

Isle Royale National Park is known for its wolf and moose populations which are studied by scientists investigating predator-prey relationships in a closed environment. There are usually around 25 wolves and 1000 moose on the island, but the numbers change greatly year to year. In rare years with very hard winters, animals can travel over the frozen lake from the Canadian mainland. To protect the wolves from canine diseases, dogs are not allowed in any part of the park, including the adjacent waters. In the 2006-2007 winter, 385 moose were counted, as well as 21 wolves, in three packs. Wolf Wolf Man Mount Wolf Wolf Prizes Wolf Spider Wolf 424 Wolf 359 Wolf Point Wolf-herring Frank Wolf Friedrich Wolf Friedrich August Wolf Hugo Wolf Johannes Wolf Julius Wolf Max Franz Joseph Cornelius Wolf Maximilian Wolf Rudolf Wolf Thomas Wolf As Name Wolf Breidenbach Wolf Hirshorn Other The call... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) Moose range map The moose (so named in North America, derived from Eastern Abenaki moz)[1] or elk (in Europe), Alces alces, is the largest extant member of the deer family Cervidae, distinguished from // Moose are typical of boreal and mixed deciduous forests of the Northern... A juvenile Red-tailed Hawk eating a California Vole In ecology, predation describes a biological interaction where a predator organism feeds on another living organism or organisms known as prey. ...


Geology

Isle Royale greenstone (chlorastrolite, a form of pumpellyite) is found here, as well as on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. It is the official Michigan state gemstone. Chlorastrolite, (variety of pumpellyite) is a green or bluish green stone, usually with finely radiated or stellate masses. ... A sample of pumpellyite Pumpellyite is a sorosilicate mineral rather a group of closely related minerals or solid solution series: pumpellyite-(Mg): Ca2MgAl2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·(H2O) pumpellyite-(Fe2+): Ca2FeAl2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·(H2O) pumpellyite-(Fe3+): Ca2(Fe,Mg)(Al,Fe)2(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)2·(H2O) pumpellyite... The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U.S. state of Michigan. ...


Recreation

An aerial view of Isle Royale

The Greenstone Ridge is a high ridge in the center of the island and carries the longest trail in the park, the Greenstone Ridge trail, which runs 40 miles (60 km) from one end of the island to the other. This is generally done as a 4 or 5 day hike. A boat shuttle can carry hikers back to their starting port. In total there are 165 miles (265 km) of hiking trails. There are also canoe/kayak routes, many involving portages, along coastal bays and inland lakes. Aerial photograph of Isle Royal National Park, , (NPS Photo) from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Aerial photograph of Isle Royal National Park, , (NPS Photo) from [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...


Services

The park has two developed areas: Windigo, at the southwest end of the island (docking site for the ferries from Minnesota), with a campstore, showers, campsites, and a boat dock; and Rock Harbor on the south side of the northeast end (docking site for the ferries from Michigan), with a campstore, showers, restaurant, lodge, campsites, and a boat dock. The Wendigo in Native American mythology In the mythology of the Algonquin tribe of Native Americans, the Wendigo (or Windigo) is a malevolent supernatural creature. ... Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Area  Ranked 12th  - Total 87,014 sq mi (225,365 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 400 miles (645 km)  - % water 8. ... The main access point for visitors landing at Isle Royale National Park, in northern Lake Superior. ...


Sleeping accommodations at the park are limited to the lodge at Rock Harbor and 36 designated wilderness campsites. Some campgrounds are accessible only by private boat; other campgrounds away from the lakeshore are accessible only by trail or by canoe/kayak on the interior lakes. The campsites vary in capacity but typically include a few three-sided wood shelters (the fourth wall is screened) with floors and roofs, and several individual sites suitable for pitching a small tent. Some tent sites with space for groups of up to 10 are available and require a special permit. The only amenities at the campsites are pit toilets. Campfires are not permitted at most sites; gas camp stoves are recommended. Drinking and cooking water must be drawn from local water sources (Lake Superior and inland lakes) and filtered or boiled to avoid parasites. Hunting is not permitted, but fishing is, and edible berries may be picked from the trail. A wood-and-canvas canoe evokes the heritage of canoeing in North America. ... Look up kayak in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Soil

Bedrock on Isle Royale is basalt or sandstone and conglomerates on the 1100 million year old Midcontinent rift. Most of the island is covered with a thin layer of glacial material. A number of small native copper mines were active in the 1800s but mining was never really prosperous. Recent analyses by the USGS of both unmineralized basalt and copper-mineralized rock show that a small amount of naturally-occurring mercury is associated with mineralization.


Access

Floatplane taking off from Windigo on Washington Harbor - Beaver Island can be seen in the background at right

The park is accessible by floatplane and by ferry during the summer months from Grand Portage, Minnesota, and from Houghton and Copper Harbor in Michigan. Private boats travel to the island mainly from Thunder Bay, Ontario, the closest city to the park. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 500 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 625 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Seaplane taking off from Windigo, Isle Royale National Park, MI. Own work - photo made by Bob Walker at Isle Royale National Park, 2006. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 500 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 625 pixel, file size: 711 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Seaplane taking off from Windigo, Isle Royale National Park, MI. Own work - photo made by Bob Walker at Isle Royale National Park, 2006. ... Grand Portage is an unorganized territory located in Cook County, Minnesota, on Lake Superior, at the northeast corner of the state near the Ontario border. ... Location of Houghton, Michigan Country United States State Michigan County Houghton County Area  - City  4. ... A gift shop in Copper Harbor Copper Harbor is a small, unincorporated community (about 75 year-round residents) in the U.S. state of Michigan. ... Nickname: Motto: Superior by nature Location of Thunder Bay, Ontario Coordinates: Country Canada Province Ontario Region Northwestern Ontario District Thunder Bay District CMA Thunder Bay Established 1970 (amalgamation between Fort William and Port Arthur) Incorporated as Towns Port Arthur in 1884 Fort William in 1892 Incorporated as Cities Both Port...


Isle Royale is not popular with day-trippers because of the scheduling constraints of transportation to and from the park; with a round-trip travel time of 6-7 hours, the ferries that make this voyage on a daily basis have only a 3-hour layover at the island. These ferries may delay—and in some situations cancel—trips during heavy weather.


The Ranger III is a 165-foot (50 m) boat operated by the National Park Service, said to be the largest piece of equipment in the National Park system. It carries 125 passengers, and canoes and kayaks, and operates out of Houghton, Michigan. This is a six-hour trip from the park, so it overnights at the island before returning the next day, making two round trips each week, June to mid-September. The Isle Royale Queen out of Copper Harbor, Michigan, and the Wenonah, out of Grand Portage, Minnesota, operate round-trips daily in peak season, less frequently in early summer and autumn. The Voyageur II, also out of Grand Portage, crosses up to three times a week, overnighting at Rock Harbor and providing transportation between selected lakeside campgrounds.


Because of the difficulty of travel and the hazards of wilderness survival during the winter months, it is the only major National Park Service park to close entirely for the season. Because of the relative difficulty reaching the park and its seasonal closing, fewer than 20,000 people a year visit Isle Royale, fewer than visit the most popular national parks in a single day. The National Park Service (NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations. ...


List of islands

  • Amygdaloid Island - has a ranger station
  • Beaver Island - has a campground
  • Belle Isle - a small island just off the north shore of Isle Royale at the head of Belle Harbor. It is the site of a primitive campground and is visited every second day during the peak season by the island-circling ferry.
  • Caribou Island - has a campground
  • Grace Island- has a campground
  • Johns Island
  • Long Island
  • Menagerie Island - has a lighthouse
  • Mott Island - summer park headquarters
  • Passage Island - has a lighthouse and short trail
  • Raspberry Island - has a nature trail
  • Rock of Ages - has a lighthouse
  • Ryan Island - the largest island in the largest lake on the largest island in the largest freshwater lake in the world
  • Tookers Island - has a campground
  • Washington Island
  • Wright Island

Amygdaloid Island is an island in Lake Superior. ... Beaver Island is a small island in the U.S. state of Michigan. ...

References

  1. ^ Isle Royale National Park. National Park Service. Retrieved on October 13, 2005.

External links



 

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