The Isotoluenes in organic chemistry are the non-aromatic toluene isomers with an exocyclic double bond. They are of some academic interest in relation to aromaticity and isomerization mechanisms ^{[1] [2]} Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry. ... In chemistry, an aromatic molecule is one in which electrons are free to cycle around circular arrangements of atoms, which are alternately singly and doubly bonded to one another. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. ... Cyclopropane is the smallest alicyclic compound. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ... Aromaticity is a chemical property in which a conjugated ring of unsaturated bonds, lone pairs, or empty orbitals exhibit a stabilization stronger than would be expected by the stabilization of conjugation alone. ... In chemistry, isomerization is the transformation of a molecule into a different isomer. ...

The three basic isotoluenes are ortho-isotoluene or 5-methylene-1,3-cyclohexadiene. 1, para-isotoluene 2 and meta-isotoluene 3. One more isomer is the bicyclic compound 5-methylenebicyclo[2.2.0] hexene 4. Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. ... Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. ... Arene substitution patterns are part of organic chemistry IUPAC nomenclature and pinpoint the position of substituents other than hydrogen in relation to each other on an aromatic hydrocarbon. ... The structure of a bicyclic molecule contains two usually fused rings. ...

The o- and p-isotoluenes easily isomerize to toluene, a reaction obviously driven by aromatic stabilization. It is estimated that these compounds are 23 kcal/mole less stable. In chemistry, isomerization is the transformation of a molecule into a different isomer. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ...

The isomerization of p-isotoluene to toluene takes place at 100°C in benzene with bimolecular reaction kinetics by a intermolecular free radical reaction. Other dimer radical reaction products are formed as well. Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. ... A rate law is an equation that relates concentrations of reactants to the reaction rate. ... Chemical substances in a system may increase or decrease in concentration with time due to chemical reactions. ... Intermolecular describes a process or characteristic that extends from one molecule to an adjacent one; a property or phenomenon that extends from one molecule to another. ... In chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. ... Sucrose, or common table sugar, is composed of glucose and fructose. ...

The ortho isomer is found to isomerize at 60°C also in a second order reaction in benzene. The proposed reaction mechanism is a concerted intermolecular ene reaction. The reaction product is either toluene or a mixture of dimerized ene reaction products depending on the exact reaction conditions. In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. ... In chemistry, a concerted reaction is one that takes place in a single step. ... Ene reactions are Group transfer reactions between an alkyne or alkene, or similar double bonded species and an allyl-like species. ... Ene reactions are Group transfer reactions between an alkyne or alkene, or similar double bonded species and an allyl-like species. ...

Ortho isotoluene is been researched in connection with the mechanism of initiator-free polymerization of polystyrene. In chemistry, radical initiators are substances that can produce radical species under mild conditions and promote radical reactions. ... This is the article about the process. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum. ...

See also

• Pentacene

Pentacene is an aromatic molecule consisting of 5 fused benzene rings. ...

References