Isotropic means "independent of direction". Isotropic radiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement, and an isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle is oriented.
Isotropy is also a concept in mathematics. Some manifolds are isotropic, meaning that the geometry on the manifold is the same regardless of direction. A similar concept is homogeneousness. A manifold can be homogeneous but not isotropic.
In radio, an isotropic antenna is an imaginary "device", used as a reference; an antenna that broadcasts equal power in all directions. Decibels relative to an isotropic antenna are expressed as dBi or dB(i).
In skeletal muscle cells (a.k.a. muscle fibers), the term 'isotropic' refers to the light bands (I bands) that contribute to the striated pattern of the cells.
Isotropicradiation has the same intensity regardless of the direction of measurement, and an isotropic field exerts the same action regardless of how the test particle is oriented.
Some manifolds are isotropic, meaning that the geometry on the manifold is the same regardless of direction.
Radio broadcasting: In radio, an isotropic antenna is an imaginary "device", used as a reference; an antenna that broadcasts power equally (calculated by the poynting vector) in all directions.
An isotropic antenna is an ideal antenna that radiatespower with unit gain uniformly in all directions and is often used to reference antenna gains in wireless systems.
There is no actual physical isotropic antenna; a close approximation is a stack of two pairs of crossed dipole antennas driven in quadrature.
The radiation pattern for the isotropic antenna is a sphere with the antenna at its center.
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