Israel Chemicals Ltd. (Hebrew: כימיקלים לישראל בע"מ), also known as ICL, is a multi-national Israeli manufacturing concern that develops, produces and markets fertilizers, metals and other special-purpose chemical products. Hebrew (עִבְרִית or עברית, ‘Ivrit) is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by more than seven million people in Israel and Jewish communities around the world. ... spreading manure, an organic fertilizer Fertilizers or fertilisers (British English) are compounds given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil, for uptake by plant roots, or by foliar feeding, for uptake through leaves. ... For alternative meanings see metal (disambiguation). ...

History

ICL was formed in 1968 as a conglomerate of the Dead Sea Works and other state-owned companies that extracted minerals from Negev desert mines. 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... Ruins in the Negev desert The Negev (Hebrew נֶגֶב;, Tiberian Hebrew Néḡeḇ; Arabic النقب an-Naqab) is the desert region of southern Israel. ...

In 1977, ICL started its first manufacturing (as opposed to sales) efforts abroad, with the purchase of BK Giulini Chemie GmbH, a German chemicals manufacturer. This was followed in later years with further overseas acquisitions. For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ...

ICL was privatized on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) in 1992. The government still retains a "Special State Share," which entitles the State to certain veto rights. Since 1995, ICL's controlling interest is held by the Israel Corporation holding group. As of February 14, 2006, ICL's market cap was US $2.35 Billion. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Tel-Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE) is a stock exchange in Tel-Aviv, Israel. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 14 is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Current operations

90% of ICL's sales are exports. A major player on world markets, ICL through its subsidiaries, accounts for^{[citation needed]}:

• 35% of world bromine production
• 11% of world potash production and 13% of international potash trade (excluding the cross-border trade between the United States and Canada)
• 9% of western world primary magnesium consumption
• 3% of world phosphate rock production, 3% of international phosphate rock trade (excluding the cross-border trade between the US and Canada)
• One of the world’s most integrated manufacturers and suppliers of phosphate products.

ICL's operations also make it a leading supplier of fertilizers in Europe and a major player in numerous specialty chemical market segments. In Israel, ICL is the leading supplier of fertilizers and the leading chemical concern, as well as one of Israel's largest companies. General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ... Potash Potash (or carbonate of potash) is an impure form of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) mixed with other potassium salts. ... General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 24. ... In inorganic chemistry, a phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. ... World map showing Europe Political map Europe is one of the seven traditional continents of Earth; the term continent here referring to a cultural and political distinction, rather than a physiographic one, thus leading to various perspectives about Europes precise borders. ...

60% of ICL's raw products (minerals) are excavated in Israel. ICL also owns and operates underground mines in Spain, United Kingdom (North Yorkshire), China, the US and South America. Chuquicamata, the largest open pit copper mine in the world, Chile. ... Bolton Abbey North Yorkshire is a Shire county within the region of Yorkshire and the Humber in England. ... This article is about the country in North America. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

External links

• ICL Group