Israel Moiseevich Gelfand (Russian: Израиль Моисеевич Гельфанд) (born in 1913) is a prolific mathematician in the field of functional analysis, which he interprets in a broad sense as the mathematics of quantum mechanics. Jump to: navigation, search 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... A mathematician is a person whose area of study and research is mathematics. ... Jump to: navigation, search Functional analysis is that branch of mathematics and specifically of analysis which is concerned with the study of spaces of functions. ... Jump to: navigation, search Fig. ...

He was born into a Jewish family in Okny, Kherson region in Ukraine then part of the Russian Empire. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ... Kherson (Ukrainian and Russian Херсон) is a city in southern Ukraine, the capital of Kherson Oblast, with 303,900 inhabitants (2004). ... Imperial Russia is the term used to cover the period of Russian history from the expansion of Russia under Peter the Great, through the expansion of the Russian Empire from the Baltic to the Pacific Ocean, to the deposal of Nicholas II of Russia, the last tsar, at the start...

He has collaborated on papers with many mathematicians in Moscow, where he ran a seminar. In 1990 he took up a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Rutgers University in New Jersey. He also for a long time took an interest in cell biology. Jump to: navigation, search Moscow (Russian: Москва́, Moskva, IPA: listen â–¶(?)) is the capital of Russia, located on the river Moskva. ... Jump to: navigation, search For the Temptations album, see 1990 (Temptations album) MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... Jump to: navigation, search Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey is the largest institution for higher education in the U.S. state of New Jersey. ... Jump to: navigation, search State nickname: The Garden State Other U.S. States Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Governor Richard Codey (D) Acting, Outgoing Jon Corzine (D) (Governor-Elect) Senators Jon Corzine (D) (Outgoing) Frank Lautenberg (D) Official language(s) None defined Area 22,608 km² (47th)  - Land 19,231... Cell biology (also called cellular biology or cytology, from the Greek kytos, container) is an academic discipline which studies cells. ...

He is known for many developments including:

• the Gelfand representation in Banach algebra theory;
• the Gelfand-Naimark theorem;
• the Gelfand-Naimark-Segal construction
• the representation theory of the complex classical Lie groups;
• contributions to distribution theory and measures on infinite-dimensional spaces;
• the first observation of the connection of automorphic forms with representations (with Sergei Fomin);
• conjectures about the index theorem;
• Ordinary Differential Equations (Gelfand-Levitan theory);
• work on calculus of variations and soliton theory (Gelfand-Dikii equations);
• contributions to the philosophy of cusp forms;
• Gelfand-Fuks cohomology of foliations;
• Gelfand-Kirillov dimension;
• integral geometry;
• combinatorial definition of the Pontryagin class;
• Coxeter functors;
• generalised hypergeometric series;

and many other results, particularly in the representation theory for the classical groups. The Gelfand-Tsetlin basis (also in the common spelling Zetlin) is a widely-used tool in theoretical physics. In mathematics, the Gelfand representation in functional analysis allows a complete characterisation of commutative C*-algebras as algebras of continuous complex-valued functions. ... In functional analysis, a Banach algebra, named after Stefan Banach, is an associative algebra A over the real or complex numbers which at the same time is also a Banach space. ... In mathematics, the Gelfand-Naimark theorem states that an arbitrary C*-algebra A is isometrically *-isomorphic to a C*-algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. ... In functional analysis, given a C*-algebra A, the GNS construction establishes a correspondence between cyclic *-representations of A and certain linear functionals on A (called states). ... In mathematics Representation theory is the name given to the study of standard representations of abstract mathematical structures. ... Jump to: navigation, search In mathematics, a Lie group is an analytic real or complex manifold that is also a group such that the group operations multiplication and inversion are analytic maps. ... This page deals with mathematical distributions. ... In mathematics, the general notion of automorphic form is the extension to analytic functions, perhaps of several complex variables, of the theory of modular forms. ... Jump to: navigation, search Sergei Vasilovich Fomin (9 December 1917 – 17 August 1975) was a Russian mathematician who, among his other accomplishments was a co-author with Kolmogorov of Introductory real analysis, a book that is widely read in Russian and English. ... In the mathematics of manifolds and differential operators, the Atiyah-Singer index theorem is an important unifying result that connects topology and analysis. ... An ordinary differential equation, or ODE, is an equation depending on a single spatial variable. ... Calculus of variations is a field of mathematics which deals with functions of functions, as opposed to ordinary calculus which deals with functions of numbers. ... Jump to: navigation, search In mathematics and physics, a soliton is a self-reinforcing solitary wave caused by nonlinear effects in the medium. ... In number theory, a cusp form is a particular kind of modular form, distinguished in the case of modular forms for the modular group by the vanishing in the Fourier series expansion of the constant coefficient a0. ... In mathematics, informally speaking, a foliation is a kind of clothing worn on a manifold, cut from a stripy fabric. ... In mathematics, the term integral geometry in is used in two ways, which, although related, imply different views of the content of the subject. ... In mathematics, the Pontryagin classes are certain characteristic classes. ... In mathematics, a hypergeometric series is the sum of a sequence of terms in which the ratios of successive coefficients k is a rational function of k. ... Theoretical physics is physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions rather than experimental processes. ...

He also worked extensively in mathematics education, particularly with correspondence education. He was awarded a MacArthur fellowship for this work. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation is a private, independent grantmaking institution. ...

External links

• Biography at the MacTutor archive
• List of publications.