Israel

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Israel Image File history File links COA_of_Israel. ... Politics of Israel takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Israel is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

Basic Laws Jerusalem Law Law of Return Acting President Dalia Itzik Prime Minister Ehud Olmert Cabinet State Comptroller Knesset Speaker Dalia Itzik Members Elections: 2003, 2006 Parties Knesset Elections Law Judicial system Supreme Court Districts Regional council Local council Foreign affairs Israel and the UN Israel and the EU Ambassadors from Israel Israeli-Palestinian conflict Arab-Israeli conflict International Law Arab League

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The Elections for the ninth Knesset were held on 17 May, 1977. The Basic Laws of Israel are a key component of Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... President of the State of Israel (Hebrew: ‎, Nesí Hamdiná, literally: The President of the State) is the Head of State of Israel, but has a largely ceremonial, figurehead role with real power lying in the hands of the Prime Minister of Israel. ... Dalia Itzik (Hebrew: ‎; born October 20, 1952) is the current speaker of the Israeli Knesset and Acting President of Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew: אהוד אולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... The Cabinet of Israel is a formal body comprised of government officials chosen and led by a Prime Minister. ... Israel The power of the Knesset to supervise and review government policies and operations is exercised mainly through the state controller, also known as the ombudsman or ombudswoman (Hebrew: מבקר המדינה Mevaker HaMedina. ... The modern Knesset building, Israels parliament, in Jerusalem Though similar-sounding, Beit Knesset (בית כנסת) literally means House of Assembly, and refers to a synagogue. ... List of Speakers of the Knesset, the Israeli parliament: Joseph Shprinzak (Mapai) 1949-59 Nahum Nir (Ahdut Haavodah) 1959 Kadish Luz (Mapai, Alignment)1959-69 Reuven Barkat (Alignment) 1969-72 Yisrael Yeshayahu-Sharabi (Alignment) 1972-77 Yitzhak Shamir (Likud) 1977-80 Yitzhak Berman (Likud) 1980-81 Menachem... Dalia Itzik (Hebrew: ‎; born October 20, 1952) is the current speaker of the Israeli Knesset and Acting President of Israel. ... // (Blue = coalition parties, red = opposition parties) 1This title, called in Hebrew ממלא מקום ראש הממשלה (Memale Mekom Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ... Elections for the 16th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 January 2003. ... The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006. ... Political parties in Israel: Israels political system is based on proportional representation which allows for a multi-party system with numerous parties, in which a single party usually has no chance of gaining power by itself, forcing the parties to cooperate and form coalition governments. ... Knesset Elections Law is crucial legal document governing the process of elections in the Israeli federal parliament or the Knesset. ... Judicial branch is an independent branch of the government which includes secular and religious courts. ... The Supreme Court (Hebrew: בית המשפט העליון, Beit Hamishpat Haelyon ) is at the head of the court system in the State of Israel. ... Map of the districts of Israel There are six main administrative districts of Israel, known in Hebrew as mehozot (מחוזות; singular: mahoz) and fifteen sub-districts known as nafot (נפות; singular: nafa). ... The Israeli Ministry of Interior recognizes three types of local government in Israel: cities, regional councils, and local councils. ... In Israel, a local council is a locality similar to a city in structure and way of life, that has not yet achieved a status of a city, which requires a minimum number of residents, among other things. ... High priorities in the foreign policy of Israel include seeking an end to hostilities with Arab forces, against which it has fought six wars since 1948 and gaining wide acceptance as a sovereign state with an important international role. ... Israel and the United Nations have had mixed relations since Israels founding on May 14, 1948. ... The accession of Israel to the European Union refers to a possible future development in the EU-Israel relations. ... List of well-known ambassadors from the State of Israel, other country or body in parentheses: Daniel Ayalon (United States) Abba Eban (UN/United States) Dan Gillerman (UN) Dore Gold (UN) Chaim Herzog (UN) Golda Meir (USSR) Benjamin Netanyahu (UN) Yitzhak Rabin (United States) Categories: Lists of ambassadors ... Israel, with the West Bank and Gaza Strip in diagonal stripes The Israeli-Palestinian conflict which is at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, that both claim the right to sovereignty over the land of Israel/Palestine. ... Combatants Arab nations Israel Arab-Israeli conflict series History of the Arab-Israeli conflict Views of the Arab-Israeli conflict International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict Arab-Israeli conflict facts, figures, and statistics Participants Israeli-Palestinian conflict · Israel-Lebanon conflict · Arab League · Soviet Union / Russia · Israel and the United... Arguments about the applicability of various elements of international law underlie the debate around the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... From the time it was established in March 1945, the Arab League took an active role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... Elections in Israel gives information on election and election results in Israel. ...

Results

¹ Shlomtzion merged into Likud, but Yitzhak Yitzhaky later broke away to form One Israel. Likud (Hebrew: ליכוד, literally means consolidation) is a centre-right political party in Israel. ... The Alignment (Hebrew: המערך, HaMaarakh), originally called the Labour Alignment (Hebrew: המערך העבודה, HaMaarakh HaAvoda) was the dominant left-wing political party in Israel from its founding in 1965 until its transformation into the Labour Party in 1992. ... This article belongs in one or more categories. ... Mafdal party logo The National Religious Party (Hebrew: Mafdal, מפדל) is an Israeli political party representing the religious Zionist movement. ... Hadash (חדש) is a far left wing, largely Arab [1], popular front group in Israel made up of the Communist Party of Israel and other left-leaning political groups. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Israel-related stubs | Israeli political parties | Orthodox Judaism ... Agudat Israel Workers (Hebrew: פועלי אגודת ישראל, Poalei Agudat Yisrael) was a political party in Israel. ... Ratz (Hebrew: רץ) was a left wing Israeli political party formed in 1973 by former Labour Knesset member Shulamit Aloni. ... Shinui (שינוי) (original full name: Tenua le-Shinui ve Yozma and then to Shinui-Mifleget ha-Merkaz) is a Zionist, secular and anti-clerical, free market liberal party in Israel. ... Tehiya (Hebrew for revival, תחיה), was a right-of-center Israeli political party founded in response to the 1978 Camp David Treaty between Egypt and Israel. ... Josef Tamir is an Israeli lawyer and politician. ... Yigael Yadin (March 20, 1917 - June 28, 1984) was an Israeli archeologist, politician, and the second Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

² When Dash broke up, seven MKs founded Shinui, seven founded the Democratic Movement, and Assaf Yaguri founded Ya'ad.

³ Three Likud MKs broke away to form Rafi – National List, one later returned.

⁴ Two Likud MKs broke away to form Tehiya

⁵ The Democratic Movement split up when three MKs founded Brotherhood and Yigal Yadin, Binyamin Halevi, Mordechai Elgrably and Shmuel Tamir left to sit as independents.

⁶ Zeidan Atashi and David Golomb defected from Shinui to the Alignment.

⁷ Moshe Dayan left the Alignment and formed Telem with two members of Rafi – National List and Shafik Asaad.

⁸ Shafik Asaad defected from Brotherhood to Telem, whilst Akiva Nof joined Likud

⁹ Saadia Marciano left the Left Camp of Israel and formed the Unity Party with independent MK, Mordechai Elgrably.

¹⁰ Yosef Tamir defected from Likud to Shinui, but then left to sit as an independent.

The election

The result of the 1977 election was a huge turning point in Israel's political history. For the first time, the left-wing lost an election, with the Alignment's share of the vote reduced by more than a third. This allowed the right-wing to take power for the first time since Israeli independence in 1948. The left's spectacular loss of power was attributed to three major causes; the disastrous Yom Kippur War in 1973, allegations of corruption and nepotism, and a perceived favouring of Ashkenazi (European) Jews over Mizrahi Jews (from North Africa and the Middle East). Combatants Israel Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni Mubarak, Mohammed Aly Fahmy, Anwar Sadat, Abdel Ghani el-Gammasy, Abdul... Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim (Standard Hebrew: sing. ... This article deals with those Jewish communities indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa. ...

Also noteworthy was the emergence of Dash as the third largest party. However, once it became clear that Begin did not need them in the coalition (he still commanded a majority without them), the party broke up and disappeared as fast as it had appeared (ironically, one of its offshoots Shinui gained a sudden burst of popularity in the 2003 elections, also gaining 15 seats, before splitting up and losing them all in the next election). Elections for the 16th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 January 2003. ... The Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006. ...

The Ninth Knesset

Menachem Begin of Likud formed the seventeenth government on 20 June, 1977, including Shlomzion, the National Religious Party, Agudat Israel, and the Democratic Movement for Change in his coalition. The government had 19 ministers, controversially including Moshe Dayan of the Alignment. This resulted in Dayan's expulsion from the party and him forming Telem. When Dash collapsed, many of its members went into opposition, but Begin retained a majority in the Knesset.   (August 16, 1913 – March 9, 1992) (Hebrew: מְנַחֵם בְּגִין) was a Polish-Jewish head of the Zionist underground group the Irgun, Nobel Peace Prize laureate and the first Likud Prime Minister of Israel. ... The modern Knesset building, Israels parliament, in Jerusalem Though similar-sounding, Beit Knesset (בית כנסת) literally means House of Assembly, and refers to a synagogue. ...

Aside from the spectacular fall of Dash, the controversial Camp David Accords and the Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty which resulted in an Israeli withdrawal from Sinai were to blame for much of the upheaval within the eighth Knesset, especially the numerous breakaways from Begin's Likud. Indeed, Begin relied on opposition votes to pass the treaty in the Knesset as several party members, including future Prime Ministers Ariel Sharon and Yitzhak Shamir objected to it and abstained from voting. It has been suggested that Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty be merged into this article or section. ... The Israel-Egypt peace treaty (Arabic: معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية; transliterated: Muahadat as-Salam al-Masriyah al-Israyliyah) (Hebrew: הסכם שלום ישראל-מצרים; transliterated: Heskem Shalom Yisrael-Mizraim) was signed in Washington, DC, United States, on March 26, 1979, following the Camp David Accords (1978). ... Sinai Peninsula, Gulf of Suez (west), Gulf of Aqaba (east) from Space Shuttle STS-40 The Sinai Peninsula (in Arabic, Shibh Jazirat Sina) is a triangle-shaped peninsula lying between the Mediterranean Sea (to the north) and Red Sea (to the south). ...   (Hebrew: , also known by his diminutive Arik אָרִיק) (born February 27, 1928) is a former Israeli politician and general. ... (Hebrew יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ...

Another notable event was the assassination of United Arab List MK Hamad Abu Rabia by the sons of party rival Jabr Moade after Abu Rabia allegedly refused to give up his seat as had been decided in a rotation agreement. Despite his sons' actions, Moade replaced Abu Rabia in the Knesset. Sheikh Hamad Abu Rabia (1929-December 1, 1981) was a Bedouin Israeli politician and a member of the Knesset, best known for being assassinated by sons of another Israeli politician. ...

External links

• Election results on the official Knesset website (in English)