Elections for the twelfth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November, 1988. Voter turnout was 78.9%. The Basic Laws of Israel are a key component of Israels uncodified constitution. The State of Israel has no formal constitution. ... The Jerusalem Law is a common name of Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel passed by the Israeli Knesset on July 30, 1980 (17th Av, 5740). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... President of the State of Israel (Hebrew: , Nesí Hamdiná, literally: The President of the State) is the Head of state of Israel. ... Dalia Itzik (Hebrew: ‎; born October 20, 1952) is the current speaker of the Israeli Knesset and Acting President of Israel. ... The Prime Minister of Israel (Hebrew: ראש הממשלה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. ... Ehud Olmert (IPA ; Hebrew:אהוד אולמרט; born September 30, 1945) is the 12th and current Prime Minister of Israel. ... 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Results

¹ Five members of the Likud left, but two returned. The others established the New Liberal Party. One member moved from the Alignment to the Likud. Likud (Hebrew: ליכוד, literally means consolidation) is a centre-right political party in Israel. ... The Alignment (Hebrew: המערך, HaMaarakh), originally called the Labour Alignment (Hebrew: המערך העבודה, HaMaarakh HaAvoda) was the dominant left-wing political party in Israel from its founding in 1965 until its transformation into the Labour Party in 1992. ... Shas (Hebrew: שס) is an political party in Israel, primarily representing Ultra-orthodox Sephardi Judaism. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Israel-related stubs | Israeli political parties | Orthodox Judaism ... Mafdal party logo The National Religious Party (Hebrew: Mafdal, מפדל) is an Israeli political party representing the religious Zionist movement. ... Hadash (חדש) is a far left wing, largely Arab [1], popular front group in Israel made up of the Communist Party of Israel and other left-leaning political groups. ... Tehiya (Hebrew for revival, תחיה), was a right-of-center Israeli political party founded in response to the 1978 Camp David Treaty between Egypt and Israel. ... Mapam - United Workers Party (in Hebrew: מפם - מפלגת פועלים מאוחדת Mifleget Poalim Meuhedet) was initially a Marxist-Zionist party. ... Tzomet or Tsomet (Hebrew: צומת, meaning crossroads) is a secular, right-wing Israeli political party. ... Moledet (Hebrew מולדת, literally homeland) is a small right-wing political party in Israel. ... Shinui (שינוי) (original full name: Tenua le-Shinui ve Yozma and then to Shinui-Mifleget ha-Merkaz) is a Zionist, secular and anti-clerical, free market liberal party in Israel. ... Degel HaTorah (or Degel haTorah) (דגל התורה Hebrew for Flag/Banner [of] the Torah) is an Israeli mostly Ashkenazi Haredi Judaism political party with a small number of seats (2-3) in the Knesset, Israels national parliament. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Meretz. ...

² One MK left Shas and established Moriah.

³ One MK left Agudat Israel and established Geulat Israel.

⁴ Ratz, Mapam, and Shinui merged into Meretz.

⁵ Black Panthers broke away from Hadash.

⁶ One member of Shinui moved to Ratz and one moved to Shinui from the Alignment.

⁷ Unity for Peace and Immigration broke away from the Alignment and merged into Likud.

The Twelfth Knesset

Likud's Yitzhak Shamir formed the 23rd government on 22 December, 1988, including the Alignment, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel and Degel HaTorah in his coalition, with 25 ministers. (Hebrew יִצְחָק שָׁמִיר) (born October 15, 1915) was Prime Minister of Israel from 1983 to 1984 and again from 1986 to 1992. ...

In 1990 Shimon Peres tried to form a Alignment-led coalition, but failed to win sufficient support. Eventually Shamir formed the 24th government on 11 June, 1990, with a coalition encompassing Likud, the National Religious Party, Shas, Agudat Israel, Degel HaTorah, the New Liberal Party, Tehiya, Tzomet, Moledet, Unity for Peace and Immigration and Geulat Israel. Tehiya, Tzomet and Moledet all left the coalition in late 1991/early 1992 in protest at Shamir's participation in the Madrid Conference.   (Hebrew: ), born Szymon Perske on August 2, 1923 in Poland is an Israeli politician who has been active in Israeli politics for over 50 years. ... The Madrid Conference was hosted by the government of Spain and co-sponsored by the USA and the USSR. It convened on October 30, 1991 and lasted for three days. ...

The Twelfth Knesset saw the rise of the ultra-orthdox religious parties as a significant force in Israeli politics, and as a crucial "swing" element which could determine which of the large 2 secular parties (Likud, Alignment) would get to form the coalition government.

External links

• Election results on the official Knesset website (in English)