Tribes of Israel
The Tribes Reuben Simeon Levi Judah Dan Naphtali Gad Asher Issachar Zebulun Joseph Manasseh Ephraim Benjamin
Related topics Children of Israel Ten Lost Tribes
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The Israelites were the dominant cultural and ethnic group living in Canaan in Biblical times, composing the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah, are are are the ancestors of the Jewish People. Image File history File links 1695_Eretz_Israel_map_in_Amsterdam_Haggada_by_Abraham_Bar-Jacob. ... The Tribe of Reuben (Hebrew: שֵׁבֶט רְאוּבֵן, Standard Tiberian ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Reuben son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Simeon (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן Hearkening; listening, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) was one of the Tribes of Israel. ... In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לֵוִי Attached, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... The Tribe of Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Praise; Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah, son of Jacob(Israel). ... Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s. ... The Hebrew Tribe of Naphtali (My wrestling), was founded by Naphtali, son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Gad (גָּד soldier, Standard Hebrew Gad, Tiberian Hebrew Gāḏ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Gad son of Jacob, who was born to Zilpah, the handmaiden of Jacobs first wife, Leah. ... The Tribe of Asher (אָשֵׁר happy, Standard Hebrew AÅ¡er, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĀšēr) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Asher the eighth son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Issachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible claims was founded by Issachar son of Jacob. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Tribe of Joseph is not usually listed with the Hebrew tribes although Joseph is one of Jacobs twelve sons, his elder son by Rachel. ... The Tribe of Manasseh (Hebrew alphabet מְנַשֶּׁה, Samaritan Hebrew Manatch, Standard Hebrew MÉ™naÅ¡Å¡e, Tiberian Hebrew MÉ™naÅ¡Å¡eh: from נשני naššānî who makes to forget) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible says was founded by Manasseh, the son of Joseph. ... Tribe of Ephraim (Hebrew: אֶפְרַיִם / אֶפְרָיִם , Standard Efráyim Tiberian / ; double fruitfulness) took precedence over that of Manasseh by virtue of Jacobs blessing (Gen. ... The Tribe of Benjamin (בִּנְיָמִין Son of my right hand but in some Rabbinical Judaism traditions Son of the south, Standard Hebrew Binyamin, Tiberian Hebrew Binyāmîn) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Benjamin, youngest son of Jacob. ... The Children of Israel, or Bnei Yisrael (בני ישראל) in Hebrew (also Bnai Yisrael, Bnei Yisroel or Bene Israel) is a Biblical term for the Israelites. ... It has been suggested that Israelite Diaspora be merged into this article or section. ... The Twelve Tribes usually refers to the historical twelve tribes of Israel. ... Israelites is a song which was written by Desmond Dekker and Leslie Kong for Desmond Dekker & The Aces. ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... 10th century BCE: The Land of Israel, including the United Kingdom of Israel Commonwealth of Israel redirects here. ... Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut YÉ™huda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ YÉ™hûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah... The word Jew (Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or a member of the Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination of these attributes. ...

The English word Israelite derives from ישראל (Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl), referring to Israel, which is traditionally translated as Upright (with) God (see the article Israel for details on the word's definition). “Hebrew” redirects here. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Tanakh, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early Middle Ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...

Tribal Divisions

Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, Ephraim, and Benjamin. In parts of the Bible, Ephraim and Manasseh are treated as together constituting the House of Joseph, while the Levi have a special religious role and had only scattered cities as territory; whence traditionally either Ephraim and Manasseh were counted as one tribe, or Levi wasn't counted, so that together the tribes were the Twelve Tribes of Israel. The Tribe of Reuben (Hebrew: שֵׁבֶט רְאוּבֵן, Standard Tiberian ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Reuben son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Simeon (Hebrew שִׁמְעוֹן Hearkening; listening, Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) was one of the Tribes of Israel. ... In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לוי Attached, Standard Hebrew Levi, Tiberian Hebrew Lēwî) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... The Tribe of Judah (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Praise; Standard Hebrew , Tiberian Hebrew ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Judah, son of Jacob(Israel). ... Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s. ... The Hebrew Tribe of Naphtali (My wrestling), was founded by Naphtali, son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Gad (גָּד soldier, Standard Hebrew Gad, Tiberian Hebrew Gāḏ) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Gad son of Jacob, who was born to Zilpah, the handmaiden of Jacobs first wife, Leah. ... The Tribe of Asher (אָשֵׁר happy, Standard Hebrew AÅ¡er, Tiberian Hebrew ʼĀšēr) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Asher the eighth son of Jacob. ... The Tribe of Issachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible claims was founded by Issachar son of Jacob. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Tribe of Manasseh (Hebrew alphabet מְנַשֶּׁה, Samaritan Hebrew Manatch, Standard Hebrew MÉ™naÅ¡Å¡e, Tiberian Hebrew MÉ™naÅ¡Å¡eh: from נשני naššānî who makes to forget) is one of the Hebrew tribes, which the Bible says was founded by Manasseh, the son of Joseph. ... Tribe of Ephraim (Hebrew: אֶפְרַיִם / אֶפְרָיִם , Standard Efráyim Tiberian / ; double fruitfulness) took precedence over that of Manasseh by virtue of Jacobs blessing (Gen. ... The Tribe of Benjamin (בִּנְיָמִין Son of my right hand but in some Rabbinical Judaism traditions Son of the south, Standard Hebrew Binyamin, Tiberian Hebrew Binyāmîn) is one of the Hebrew tribes, founded by Benjamin, youngest son of Jacob. ... LDS temple in Mesa Arizona USA at night, showing the distinctive spireless design. ...

The division into Tribes was geographical, as well as genealogical; each tribe held a distinct territory, though there are a few peculiarities. Levi's territory was very discontinuous, consisting entirely of towns and cities scattered as enclaves within the territory of the other tribes, Simeon's territory was entirely inside the territory of Judah, and Manasseh was split between the half tribe west of the Jordan, and the other half tribe on the eastern side. The Kingdom of Judah consisted of Judah, Simeon, Benjamin, and the parts of Levi within those lands, while the Kingdom of Israel contained Reuben, Dan, Naphtali, Gad, Asher, Issachar, Zebulun, Manasseh, Ephraim, and the remainder of Levi. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

1759 map of the initial tribal allocations - the actual territories occupied by the tribes during the United Monarchy and afterwards was somewhat different

Some English speaking Jewish groups view the pronunciation, English transcription, and Hebrew spelling, of the tribal names to be extremely important; these transcriptions and spellings are as follows: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1676, 1785 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: History of ancient Israel and Judah Israelite Jewish history User:Humus sapiens/contribs ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1676, 1785 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: History of ancient Israel and Judah Israelite Jewish history User:Humus sapiens/contribs ...

• Reuben:
  • ראובן, Standard Rəʾuven, Tiberian Rəʾûḇēn
  • ראובני, Standard Ruʾuveni, Tiberian Ruʾûḇēnî
• Simeon:
  • שמעון, Standard Šimʿon, Tiberian Šimʿôn
  • שמעני, Standard Šimʿoni, Tiberian Šimʿônî
• Levi:
  • לוי, Standard Levi, Tiberian Lēwî
• Judah:
  • יהודה, Standard Yəhuda, Tiberian Yəhûḏāh
  • יהודי, Standard Yəhudi, Tiberian Yəhûḏî
• Dan:
  • דן, Standard Dan, Tiberian Dān
  • דני, Standard Dani, Tiberian Dānî
• Naphtali:
  • נפתלי, Standard Naftali, Tiberian Nap̄tālî
• Gad:
  • גד, Standard Gad, Tiberian Gāḏ
  • גדי, Tiberian Standard Gadi, Gāḏî
• Asher:
  • אשר, Standard Ašer, Tiberian ʾĀšēr
  • אשרי, Standard Ašeri, Tiberian ʾĀšērî
• Issachar:
  • יששכר, Standard Yissaḫar, Tiberian Yiśśâḵār
  • יששכרי, Standard Yissaḫari, Tiberian Yiśśâḵārî
• Zebulun:
  • זבולן, Standard Zəvúlun, Tiberian Zəḇûlun
  • זבולני, Standard Zəvuloni, Tiberian Zəḇûlōnî
• Joseph:
  • יוסף, Standard Yosef, Tiberian Yôsēp̄
  • יוספי, Standard Yosefi, Tiberian Yôsēp̄î
  • containing the tribes:
    • Manasseh:
      • מנשה, Samaritan Manatch, Standard Mənašše, Tiberian Mənaššeh
      • מנשי, Standard Mənašši, Tiberian Mənaššî
    • Ephraim:
      • אפרים, Samaritan Afrime, Standard Efráyim, Tiberian ʾEp̄ráyim / ʾEp̄rāyim
      • אפרתי, Standard Efrati, Tiberian ʾEp̄rāṯî
• Benjamin
  • בנימין, Standard Binyamin, Tiberian Binyāmîn
  • בן־הימיני Standard Ben haYmini, Tiberian Ben-haYmînî

The Modern Hebrew language is a Semitic language of the Afro-Asiatic language family. ... Tiberian Hebrew is an oral tradition of pronunciation for ancient forms of Hebrew, especially the Hebrew of the Bible, that was given written form by masoretic scholars in the Jewish community at Tiberias in the early middle ages, beginning in the 8th century. ... The Samaritan Hebrew language is a descendant of Biblical Hebrew as pronounced and written by the Samaritans. ...

Origin of the Tribes

According to the Torah, each tribe was descended from one of the twelve eponymous sons of Jacob, apart from two tribes (Manasseh and Ephraim) whose eponymous founders were the sons of Joseph, the remaining son of Jacob. However, the biblical account is viewed by Biblical scholars as an aetiological postdiction rather than as history, and neglects to acknowledge changes in the membership of the tribal confederation^[1]. The changing form of the Israelite confederation is, according to textual and biblical scholars, evident from the variation in the treatment and appearance of each tribe between various Biblical passages^[2]. In particular is the text of three biblical poems - the Song of Deborah, Blessing of Jacob, and Blessing of Moses - with the Song of Deborah being the oldest and Blessing of Moses the youngest^[3]. Comparison between these three, archaeology, and other passages, raises several points: Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Reuben (רְאוּבֵן, Standard Hebrew Rəʾuven, Tiberian Hebrew Rəʾûḇēn) is the first-born son of Jacob and the founder of the Tribe of Reuben, as related in the Book of Genesis of the Hebrew Bible. ... Simeon (Hebrew: שִׁמְעוֹן, ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the second son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Simeon; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation... This article discusses the Biblical patriarch. ... Judah/Yehuda (Hebrew: יְהוּדָה, Standard YÉ™huda Tiberian ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the fourth son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Judah; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to... Issachar or Yissachar (יִשָּׂשׁכָר Reward; recompense, Standard Hebrew Yissaḫar, Tiberian Hebrew Yiśśâḵār) was the fifth son of Jacob and his first wife Leah. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... Look up Rachel, רחל in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Joseph interprets the dream of the Pharaoh. ... Binyamin (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob, and the second (and final) son of Rachel, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Benjamin[1]; in the Biblical account, unlike Rachels first son - Joseph, the father of Ephraim and Manasseh - Benjamin... In the Book of Genesis, Bilhah (בִּלְהָה Faltering; bashful, Standard Hebrew Bilha, Tiberian Hebrew Bilhāh) is a concubine of Jacob, and bears him two sons, Dan and Naphtali. ... Dan (Hebrew: דָּן, Standard Dan Tiberian Dān; Judge) was, according to the Book of Genesis, a son of Jacob and Bilhah (the first son of Bilhah, but the fifth son of Jacob), and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Dan[1]; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an... Naphtali (Hebrew: נַפְתָּלִי, Standard Tiberian  ; My struggle) is the sixth son of Jacob and the founder of the tribe of Naphtali, first mentioned in the Book of Genesis and as described in the Hebrew Bible. ... In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah (זִלְפָּה Drooping, Standard Hebrew Zilpa, Tiberian Hebrew Zilpāh) is a concubine of Jacob and the mother of Gad and Asher. ... Gad (Hebrew: גד ; luck) was, according to the Book of Genesis, the first son of Jacob and Zilpah, the seventh of Jacob overall, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Gad; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe... Asher (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ), was, according to the Book of Genesis, the second son of Jacob and Zilpah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Asher; however Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an aetiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the... “Tora” redirects here. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... Joseph, in the Hebrew Bible appears in the Book of Genesis. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of Greek words aitia = cause and logos = word/speech) is used in philosophy, physics and biology in reference to the causes of various phenomena. ... Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. ... Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism or lower criticism is a branch of philology or bibliography that is concerned with the identification and removal of errors from texts and manuscripts. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... For information on the nurse of Rebeccah, mentioned in Genesis, see Deborah (Genesis) Deborah or Dvora (דְּבוֹרָה Bee, Standard Hebrew DÉ™vora, Tiberian Hebrew Dəḇôrāh) was a prophetess and the fourth Judge and only female Judge of pre-monarchic Israel in the Old Testament (Tanakh). ... The Blessing of Jacob is a poem that appears in Genesis at 49:1b-27. ... The Blessing of Moses is a poem that appears in Deuteronomy at 33:2-27. ...

• The tribes which later became the Kingdom of Judah (Judah and Simeon) are unmentioned in the oldest poem, and when Simeon does appear it is as a scattered group, rather than a clear territorial entity^[4]. Israel Finkelstein et al. have concluded from their findings that the territory occupied by these tribes was little more than a rural backwater compared with the remainder of Canaan, too insignificant for the remaining tribes to form a confederation with, until well after the 9th century BC ^[5].

• The Levites are not mentioned by the oldest poem; also, the parts of the Torah attributed by textual scholars to the Elohist, seem to treat Levite as a descriptive attribute for someone particularly suited to the priesthood, rather than as the designator of a tribe, and refers to Moses and Aaron as part of the Joseph group rather than being part of a tribe called Levi^[6]. Jahwist passages have more ambiguous language; traditionally interpreted as referring to a person named Levi they could also be interpreted as just referring to a social position titled levi^[7]. In the Blessing of Jacob (later than the Song of Deborah), Levi is treated as a tribe, cursing them to become scattered; scholars regard this as an aetiological postdiction to explain how a tribe could be so scattered, the simpler solution being that the priesthood was originally open to any tribe, but gradually became seen as a distinct tribe to themselves^[8][9]. In the Priestly Source and Blessing of Moses, which textual scholars view as originating centuries later, the Levites are firmly established as a tribe, and the only tribe with the right to be priests.

• Although Machir and Gilead, as individuals, are described in biblical genealogies as father and son, and as son and grandson of Manasseh, in the Song of Deborah Machir and Gilead are treated as the names of tribes which are different to one another^[10]. Additionally, Manasseh is noticeable by its absence from the poem; in the Elohist and Jahwist texts Manasseh is also frequently absent, while Machir is clearly mentioned. Though there is a temptation to conclude that Machir is simply used in these passages as an older or alternative name for the tribe of Manasseh, in the Book of Numbers Machir is described as conquering a region named Gilead, and settling there, thus could only account for the eastern half tribe, and doesn't account for why Gilead is portrayed in the poem as a separate group to Machir^[11].

Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yəhûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah... The Elohist (E) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... The Adoration of the Golden Calf by Nicolas Poussin Aaron (אַהֲרֹן, Standard Hebrew (w/o vowels) AHRvN, Tiberian Hebrew (), was, according to biblical accounts, one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the Hebrew people. ... The Jahwist, also referred to as the Jehovist, Yahwist, or simply as J, is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. ... Postdiction, post-shadowing, retroactive clairvoyance, and prediction after the fact are terms used by critics to refer to those who use hindsight to claim to have predicted a significant event such as a plane crash or natural disaster. ... The Priestly Source (P) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ...

The biblical genealogy

The biblical genealogy of the tribes splits them into groups:

• The Leah tribes - those said to descend from Leah
  • Northern group - Reuben, Zebulon, Issachar
  • Southern group - Judah, Simeon
  • Levi
• The Joseph tribes - those said to descend from Rachel - Manasseh, Ephraim, Benjamin (the first two of which form the house of Joseph)
• The handmaid tribes
  • Bilhah group (said to descend from Bilhah) - Dan, Naphtali
  • Zilpah group (said to descend from Zilpah) - Gad, Asher

According to biblical scholars, the biblical genealogy reflects an attempt to determine the source of Israelite tribal structure after the fact, rather than reflecting the true origin^[12]. The handmaid tribes thus were those which the genealogy's authors felt had a sense of otherness, not being of entirely Israelite origin, hence being described as descending from handmaidens rather than actual wives^[13]. It is worth noting that the territory of the handmaid tribes happens to be the territory closest to the north and eastern borders of Canaan; they were the most exposed to Israel's immediate enemies - Assyria and Aram^[14]. Look up Leah, לֵאָה in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up Rachel, רחל in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In the Book of Genesis, Bilhah (בִּלְהָה Faltering; bashful, Standard Hebrew Bilha, Tiberian Hebrew Bilhāh) is a concubine of Jacob, and bears him two sons, Dan and Naphtali. ... In the Book of Genesis, Zilpah (זִלְפָּה Drooping, Standard Hebrew Zilpa, Tiberian Hebrew Zilpāh) is a concubine of Jacob and the mother of Gad and Asher. ...

A number of biblical scholars additionally suspect that the Joseph tribes are differentiated from the Leah tribes because the Joseph tribes (including Benjamin) represent a second migration of Israelites to Israel, later than the Leah tribes^[15]. According to this view, the story of Jacob's visit to Laban to obtain a wife began as a metaphor for the second migration, with Jacob's new family, possessions, and livestock, obtained from Laban, being representations of the new wave of migrants, and with Jacob's prior residence in Canaan being a later insertion into the story^[16]. It is notable that according to textual scholars, the passages of this narrative which were written by the earlier sources - the Jahwist and Elohist - do not mention Bilhah or Zilpah, who are only mentioned in the later Priestly Source, and that the Jahwist passages don't even mention Leah, but instead only recount Jacob as having met Rachel^[17][18]. According to those scholars who regard the Joseph tribes as a later addition to the Israelites, it was only the Joseph tribes which went to Egypt and returned, while the Leah tribes emerged as a subculture from the Canaanites who remained in Canaan throughout^[19]. The Jahwist, also referred to as the Jehovist, Yahwist, or simply as J, is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Elohist (E) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ... The Priestly Source (P) is one of the sources of the Torah postulated by the documentary hypothesis. ...

Foreign Gods

From the point of view of textual scholars, Asher is quite indistinct as a tribe, having unclear geographic boundaries to the extent that it is uncertain whether Asher even had continuous territory ^[20]. Sites which according to the bible were allocated to Asher, whose locations have since been identified, appear to be a distribution of settlements rather than a compact and well-defined tribal region^[21].

Asher appears, throughout its history, to have been fairly disconnected from the other tribes of Israel, and seems to have taken little part in the antagonism portrayed in the Bible between the Canaanites and the other tribes^[22]; as a result, scholars generally conclude that Asher consisted of certain clans that were affiliated with portions of the Israelite tribal confederation, but were never incorporated into the body politic^[23]. Body politic or body corporate and politic means a state or one of its subordinate civil authorities, such as a: province prefecture county municipality city district etc. ...

In the biblical etymology, Asher is explained as meaning happy, however, biblical scholars disagree as to whether the name originates from an external or Canaanite source; the name is cognate with that of the chief Assyrian deity Asshur^[24]. A group named Aseru, which were living to the west of the Galilee, in the 14th century BC, is mentioned in Egyptian monuments of the period; though it is probable that the name of Asher derives from these Aseru, it is inconvenient for a literalist interpretation of the Bible under the traditional Biblical chronology, as it places Asher in Canaan before the Israelites left Egypt^[25]. This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... An Assyrian winged bull, or lemmasu. ... Assur was the head of the Assyrian pantheon and the rival of the Babylonian Marduk. ... Galilee (Arabic al-jaleel الجليل, Hebrew hagalil הגליל), meaning circuit, is a large area overlapping with much of the North District of Israel. ... Biblical chronology is the academic discipline of identifying the Gregorian calendar dates for events mentioned by the Bible. ... ḍ:The article Exodus discusses the events related in the book of the Bible and Torah by the same name. ...

In these features, Gad, the full brother to Asher in the biblical genealogy, shares some similarities. Lands declared to be part of Gad in some parts of the text, such as Dibon, are declared to belong to other tribes, in other parts of the text^[26]; similarly the boundaries are inconsistent between parts of the text^[27][28], and Gilead variously includes Gad^[29] and doesn't^[30]. Furthermore, the Moabite Stone seemingly differentiates between the kingdom of Israel and the tribe of Gad, presenting Gad as predating Israel in the lands east of the Jordan^[31]. This seems to indicate that Gad was originally a northwards-migrating nomadic tribe. As far as the name is concerned, it is likely that Gad took its name from Gad, the semitic god of fortune^[32]. A town in Jordan, several kilometers south of Amman and east of the Dead Sea. ... The stele as photographed circa 1891 The Mesha Stele (popularized in the 19th century as the Moabite Stone) is a black basalt stone, bearing an inscription by the 9th century BC Moabite King Mesha, discovered in 1868. ... Kazakh nomads in the steppes of the Russian Empire, ca. ... Gad was the name of the pan-Semitic god of fortune, and is attested in ancient records of Aram and Arabia. ...

Sea peoples

The tribe of Dan is suspected by some biblical scholars to have evolved from the Denyen, one of the groups of Sea Peoples^[33]; thus the reason that in the time period in which the Book of Judges is set, the Song of Deborah describes the tribe of Dan as residing in ships, and another narrative describes how the tribe were without a fixed abode until they conquered Laish. The Philistines are also regarded by scholars as having been one of the Sea Peoples, specifically the Peleset, and so the particular enmity between the Philistines and Dan, as portrayed in the narrative of Samson, could simply be one in which each group views the other as traitors. In a similar vein to the etymological link between the term Philistine and the term Peleset, Denyen is thought by some scholars to be the origin of the name Dan, the biblical etymology being a later guess at the name's origin^[34]. Denyen or Danuna Based on New Kingdom Egyptian text, The Danuna are considered one of the major groups of the Sea Peoples. ... The Sea Peoples is the term used for a mysterious confederacy of seafaring raiders who around 1200 BC sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter Egyptian territory during the late 19th dynasty, and especially during Year 8 of Ramesses III of the... Book of Judges (Hebrew: Sefer Shoftim ספר שופטים) is a book of the Bible originally written in Hebrew. ... Tel Dan is an area in upper Galilee in Northern Israel; fed by melt water from the snows of mount Hermon, it is well watered by streams and covered with lush vegetation that seems out of place amidst its arid surroundings. ... Map showing the location of Philistine land and cities of Gaza, Ashdod, and Ashkelon Map of the southern Levant, c. ... Map showing the location of Philistine land and cities of Gaza, Ashdod, and Ashkelon Map of the southern Levant, c. ... Samson and Delilah, by Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641) This article is about Biblical figure. ... Not to be confused with Entomology, the study of insects. ... Folk etymology or popular etymology is a linguistic term for a category of false etymology which has grown up in popular lore, as opposed to one which arose in scholarly usage. ...

Origin and development of the Israelites

Main article: History of ancient Israel and Judah

Main article: Babylonian captivity

According to the account in the book of Genesis, the term Israelite refers to their descent from Jacob, a patriarch who was renamed Israel by God^[35], though biblical scholars believe that the term has more to do with the matriarch Sarah, wife of Abraham, whose name is cognate with Israel^[36][37]; Israel is the theophory of Isra in El, and in Hebrew, roots are triconsonantal, the roots of Isra and Sarah both being S-R-A. The Israelites are traditionally regarded as being the same as the Hebrews, since many passages in the Bible appear to make the equation, but textual scholars disagree as the term Hebrews only begins to be used in relation to the alleged band of outlaws lead by David^[38]; the similarly named Habiru, attested in various ancient records, who may or may not be the Hebrews, appear to be a group wandering outlaws of mixed ethnicity^[39]. The History of Ancient Israel and Judah provides an overview of the ancient history of the Land of Israel based on classical sources including the Judaisms Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known to Christianity as the Old Testament), the Talmud, the Ethiopian Kebra Nagast, the writings of Nicolaus of Damascus... Babylonian captivity also refers to the permanence of the Avignon Papacy. ... Genesis (Hebrew: , Greek: Γένεσις, meaning birth, creation, cause, beginning, source or origin) is the first book of the Torah, the Tanakh, and the Old Testament. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... For other senses, see Patriarch (disambiguation). ... Engraving of Sarah by Hans Collaert from c. ... The angel prevents the sacrifice of Isaac (Rembrandt, 1634) Abraham (Hebrew: , Standard Avraham Ashkenazi Avrohom or Avruhom Tiberian  ; Arabic: ,  ; Geez: , ) is a figure in the Bible and Quran who is by believers regarded as the founding patriarch of the Israelites and of the Nabataean people in Jewish, Christian and... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Theophory is a reference to the naming practice of adding a gods name (or the local equivalent of the generic term for god) to an individuals proper name. ... Ä’l (אל) is a Northwest Semitic word and name translated into English as either god or God or left untranslated as El, depending on the context. ... “Hebrew” redirects here. ... The root is the primary lexical unit of a word, which carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents. ... In the terminology used to discuss the grammar of the Semitic languages, a triliteral is a root containing a sequence of three consonants. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Carmina Cantabrigiensia, Manuscript C, folio 436v, 11th century Textual criticism or lower criticism is a branch of philology or bibliography that is concerned with the identification and removal of errors from texts and manuscripts. ... David and Goliath by Caravaggio, c. ... Habiru or Hapiru was the name given by various Sumerian, Egyptian, Akkadian, Hittite, Mitanni, and Ugaritic sources (dated, roughly, from before 2000 BC to around 1200 BC) to a group of people living in the areas of Northeastern Mesopotamia and the Fertile Crescent from the borders of Egypt in Canaan... For other senses of this word, see outlaw (disambiguation). ...

The Torah portrays the Israelites as originating as the descendants of Jacob, the grandson of a migrant from Ur Kasidim (which most scholars believe refers to Ur, in Sumeria); the text then goes on to state that all of the Israelites migrated to Egypt, but were later enslaved there, until they eventually escaped and conquered Canaan, destroying the Canaanite culture that was there and replacing it with their own. However, due to a continuation of many archaeological elements of Canaanite culture in the Israelite era, lack of evidence for a systematic conquest, and lack of any abrupt appearance of new culture, some archaeologists believe that the Israelites simply arose as a subculture within Canaanite society^[40]. For other uses, see UR. Ur seen across the Royal tombs, with the Great Ziggurat in the background, January 17, 2004 Ur was an ancient city in southern Mesopotamia, located near the mouth (at the time) of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers on the Persian Gulf and close to Eridu. ... Sumeria may refer to: A back-formation from the adjective Sumerian, often used to mean the ancient civilisation more properly known as Sumer Sumeria, a disco artist best known for the 1978 hit Golden Tears 1970 Sumeria, an asteroid discovered in 1954 by Miguel Itzigsohn Donna Sumeria, a song on... ḍ:The article Exodus discusses the events related in the book of the Bible and Torah by the same name. ... For other uses, see Canaan (disambiguation). ... Canaanite can describe anything pertaining to Canaan: in particular, its languages and inhabitants. ...

The Books of Samuel indicate that the Israelites eventually came to be governed by a United Monarchy, but just a few generations later split into two kingdoms, the Kingdom of Israel in the north, and Kingdom of Judah in the south. In the narrative, even during the United Monarchy, there are frequently civil wars between the forces of Israel and those of Judah, with the United Monarchy being represented only by one of these two. Israel Finkelstein et al., based on their archaeological investigations, have claimed that there were always distinct cultural divisions between the north and the south, roughly corresponding to the borders of Israel and Judah, with the south being very much the weaker and less significant of the two^[41]; they conclude that the United Monarchy is a fiction^[42]. The Books of Samuel (Hebrew: Sefer Shmuel ספר שמואל), are part of the Tanakh (part of Judaisms Hebrew Bible) and also of the Old Testament (of Christianity). ... United Monarchy - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... 10th century BCE: The Land of Israel, including the United Kingdom of Israel Commonwealth of Israel redirects here. ... Kingdom of Judah (Hebrew מַלְכוּת יְהוּדָה, Standard Hebrew Malḫut Yəhuda, Tiberian Hebrew Malḵûṯ Yəhûḏāh) in the times of the Hebrew Bible, was the nation formed from the territories of the tribes of Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin after the Kingdom of Israel was divided, and was named after Judah...

The Kingdom of Israel was obliterated in the 720s BC, by the Assyrians under Shalmaneser V and then under Sargon II, who after conquering the land destroyed Samaria, its capital, and according to the bible deported most of the occupants into exile, with the southernmost tribe - Benjamin - managing to survive by joining the Kingdom of Judah; Assyrian chronicles of the time report that only a small number of people were deported. Assyrian policy was for the deportees to be scattered and assimilated into the Assyrian empire, and as a result the deported tribes lost their cultural identity, becoming traditionally known as the Ten Lost Tribes. The Kingdom of Judah survived until 586 BC, when Judah was conquered by Babylon, who ransacked Jerusalem, killed the heirs of the King of Judah before his eyes, gouged out the king's eyes so that would be the last thing he saw, and then deported the population into Babylonian Captivity. Languages Assyrian, Chaldean, Turoyo Religions Christianity An entry was temporarily removed here. ... Shalmaneser V (Akkadian: Shulmanu-asharid) was King of Assyria from 727 to 722 BC. He first appears as governor of Zimirra in Phoenicia in the reign of his father, Tiglath-Pileser III. At all events, on the death of Tiglath-Pileser, he succeeded to the throne as the 25th king... Sargon II, captor of Samaria, with a dignitary Sargon II (ܣܪܓܘܢ in Syriac) (r. ... It has been suggested that Sebastia, Middle East be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that Israelite Diaspora be merged into this article or section. ... Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 620s BC - 610s BC - 600s BC - 590s BC - 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC Events and Trends 589 BC - Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt 588 BC _ Nebuchadnezzar II of... Babylon (in Arabic: بابل; in Syriac: ܒܒܙܠ in Hebrew:בבל) was an ancient city in Mesopotamia (modern Al Hillah, Iraq), the ruins of which can be found in present-day Babil Province, about 80km south of Baghdad. ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Babylonian captivity also refers to the permanence of the Avignon Papacy. ...

Modern descent

Several groups claim to be the true descendants of various Israelite tribes.

Mainstream Judaism

In 539 BCE, the Persians (who had recently conquered Babylon) issued an edict (as inscribed on the Cyrus cylinder) allowing deportees to return to their homeland. Later Ezra was sent there and empowered to rebuild the Temple, and enforce a form of religion, which became Judaism, as according to the book he had in his hand; many textual scholars suspect that Ezra was the individual who redacted together the differing accounts and sources of the Torah into a single text (the Torah)^[43]. By the end of this era, the returned deportees were culturally of a single common identity rather than a collection of multiple tribes, though the tribe of Levi maintained a distinction in accordance with their religious role. Modern Jews thus see themselves as descendants of the Israelite tribes that returned from Babylon. Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 580s BC - 570s BC - 560s BC - 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC Events and trends 538 BC - Babylon occupied by Cyrus the Great 537 BC - Jews transported to Babylon... The Persians of Iran (officially named Persia by West until 1935 while still referred to as Persia by some) are an Iranian people who speak Persian (locally named Fârsi by native speakers) and often refer to themselves as ethnic Iranians as well. ... The Cyrus Cylinder The Cyrus Cylinder is an artifact of the Persian Empire, consisting of a declaration inscribed in Babylonian cuneiform on a clay barrel. ... Site traditionally described as the tomb of Ezra at Al Uzayr near Basra. ... A drawing of Ezekiels Visionary Temple from the Book of Ezekiel 40-47 The Temple in Jerusalem or Holy Temple (Hebrew: בית המקדש, transliterated Bet HaMikdash) was located on the Temple Mount (Har HaBayit) in the old city of Jerusalem. ... The Torah redactor (R) is, according to the documentary hypothesis, the figure who assembled hypothetical source texts of the Torah—the Deuteronomist text (D), the Priestly text P, and JE (an earlier joining of the Jahwist text [J] and the Elohist text [E])—into a single work. ... A relational diagram describing the various versions postulated by the biblical documentary hypothesis. ...

Samaritans

Samaritans, once comparatively large, but now a very small ethnic and religious group (not more than about 700 persons^[44]) living in the State of Israel and the West Bank, regard themselves as descendants of the tribes of Ephraim (named by them as Aphrime) and Manasseh (named by them as Manatch). Samaritans adhere to a version of the Torah, known as the Samaritan Pentateuch, which occasionally differs from the Masoretic text, and less so from the Septuagint, sometimes in important ways. Samaritans do not regard the Tanakh as an accurate or truthful history, regard only Moses as a prophet, have their own unique version of Hebrew, and do not regard themselves as part of Judaism. Since 539 BCE, many Jews have rejected outright the claims of the Samaritans to have descent from Ephraim and Manasseh, though some regard them as another sect of Judaism. For other senses of this word, see Samaritan (disambiguation). ... “Tora” redirects here. ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... The Masoretic Text (MT) is the Hebrew text of the Tanakh approved for general use in Judaism. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brentons English translation. ... Tanakh (Hebrew: ‎) (also Tanach, IPA: or , or Tenak, is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ... Moses with the Tablets, 1659, by Rembrandt This article is about the Biblical figure. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Karaites

Mainstream Judaism regards both the Tanakh and an Oral Law (codified and recorded in the Mishnah and Talmuds) as the foundation of their religion, morality, and other laws. Karaite Judaism are those who regard the Tanakh as scripture, but reject the Oral Law; the consequences, for example, being that Karaites do not require adherents to wear Tefillin in any form, but do require tekhelet in their Tzitzit, in contradistinction to Halacha. There are approximately 50,000 adherents of Karaite Judaism, most of whom reside in the modern state of Israel, but exact numbers are not known, as most Karaites have not participated in any religious censuses. Like the Samaritans, the division between themselves and Mainstream Judaism goes back many hundreds of years. Tanakh (Hebrew: ‎) (also Tanach, IPA: or , or Tenak, is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ... An oral law is a code of conduct in use in a given culture, religion or other regroupement, by which a body of rules of human behaviour is transmitted by oral tradition and effectively respected, or the single rule that is orally transmitted. ... The Mishnah (Hebrew משנה, repetition) is a major source of rabbinic Judaisms religious texts. ... The first page of the Vilna Edition of the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Berachot, folio 2a. ... Karaite Judaism or Karaism is a Jewish movement characterized by the sole reliance on the Tanakh as scripture, and the rejection of the Oral Law (the Mishnah and the Talmud) as halakha (Legally Binding, i. ... Tanakh (Hebrew: ‎) (also Tanach, IPA: or , or Tenak, is an acronym that identifies the Hebrew Bible. ... Tefillin (Hebrew: תפלין), also called phylacteries, are two boxes containing Biblical verses and the leather straps attached to them which are used in traditional Jewish prayer. ... Tzitzit (Ashkenazi pronunciation: tzitzis) are fringes or tassles (Hebrew: ציצת (Biblical), ציצית (Mishnaic)) found on a tallit worn by observant Jews as part of practicing Judaism. ... Tzitzit (Ashkenazi Hebrew: tzitzis) are fringes or tassels (Hebrew: ציצת (Biblical), ציצית (Mishnaic)) found on a tallit worn by observant Jews as part of practicing Judaism. ... Halakha (הלכה in Hebrew or Halakhah, Halacha, Halachah) is the collective corpus of Jewish law, custom and tradition regulating all aspects of behavior. ...

Rastafarians

Rastafarians believe that the black races are the true Israelites. They interpret the Bible as implying that Haile Selassie was the returned (Jewish) messiah, who would lead the world's peoples of African descent into a promised land of full emancipation and divine justice (The term Rastafarian comes from Haile Selassie's personal name - Tafari - and rank before becoming emporer - Ras); its important to note that Haile Selassie himself was not Rastafarian, and remained an Ethiopian Orthodox Christian. One Rastafarian sect, named The Twelve Tribes of Israel, imposes a metaphysical astrology whereby Aries is Reuben, Aquarius is Joseph, etc. With his famous early reggae song The Israelites Desmond Dekker immortalised the Rastafarian concept of themselves as the Children of Israel. Haile Selassie I Rasta, or the Rastafari movement, is a religion and philosophy that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, whom they call Jah. ... This Gutenberg Bible is displayed by the United States Library of Congress. ... Emperor Haile Selassie I (Geez: , Power of the Trinity, full title His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, King of Kings of Ethiopia and Elect of God, Geez [sic] ) (born Lij Tafari Makonnen Geez , Amharic pronunciation lij teferī mekōnnin, July... In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) is a term traditionally referring to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during... An 1812 map of Africa Afrocentrism is an academic, philosophical, and historical approach to the study of world history. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Divinity has a number of related uses in the field of religious belief and study. ... This article is about the concept of justice. ... The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido Church is an Oriental Orthodox church in Ethiopia that was part of the Coptic Church until it was granted its own Patriarch by Cyril VI, the Coptic Pope, in 1959. ... There are 3 main sects of Rastafari. ... Plato and Aristotle (right), by Raphael (Stanza della Segnatura, Rome). ... Hand-coloured version of the anonymous Flammarion woodcut. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... Desmond Dekker (July 16, 1941 – May 25, 2006) was a Jamaican ska and reggae singer and songwriter. ...

Messianic Judaism

See also Messianic Judaism For the Jewish religion, see Judaism. ...

Messianic Judaism considers Jesus as the Messiah, but regards itself as Jewish rather than Christian; Messianic Judaism comes in several forms, some of which accept core doctrines of Christianity and/or Judaism, and some which do not or only in degrees. It is frequently lead by individuals who ethnically are Jewish^{[citation needed]}, but many individuals who are not ethnically Jewish also attend the synagogues and meeting places of Messianic Judaism, especially those embracing the Two House Movement. Ethnic Jews would clearly have the same descent as ethnic Jews in mainstream Judaism, as both are ethnically Jewish, but those adherents of Messianic Judaism who are not ethnically Jewish consider themselves as grafted in to the tribes of Israel, thus regarding themselves as Jewish and/or Israelite, in a similar way to how the descendants of Caleb and those of Ruth (great grandmother of King David) are treated by the Bible as being Jewish, despite both Caleb and Ruth not originally being Jewish by ethnicity. The relationship of Messianic Judaism to other forms of Judaism is sometimes politicised; the Southern Baptist Convention and the Assemblies of God movement actively encourage and aid the establishment of new Messianic Judaism congregations, as part of their efforts to evangelize to and convert the Jewish people. For the Jewish religion, see Judaism. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... In Judaism, the Messiah (מָשִׁיחַ Standard Hebrew Arabic: , المسيح), Tiberian Hebrew , Aramaic ) initially meant any person who was anointed to a certain position among the ancient Israelites, at first that of High priest, later that of King and also that of a prophet. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... // Two House Movement The Two House Movement is a disputed theological doctrine involving the re-unification of the lost ten tribes of the Kingdom of Israel with the Kingdom of Judah, the Jews. The factions in the dispute are not limited to any one religion or denomination. ... Mark of Calebs grave, Timnat Serah Caleb, the son of Jephunneh is an important figure in the Hebrew Bible, noted for his faith in God when the Hebrew nation refuses to enter the promised land of Canaan. ... Naomi entreating Ruth and Orpah to return to the land of Moab by William Blake, 1795 Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld: Ruth in Boazs Field, 1828 The Book of Ruth (Hebrew: מגילת רות, Megilat Rut, the Scroll of Ruth) is one of the books of the Ketuvim (Writings) of the Tanakh (the... This page is about the Biblical king David. ... The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a United States-based cooperative ministry agency serving Baptist churches around the world. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Latter-day Saints

See also: Mormonism and Judaism

The Latter Day Saint movement (commonly termed Mormons), a large collection of religious groups, the largest of which - the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints - has over 12 million members, believe that through baptism and receiving the Gift of the Holy Ghost, they become "regathered" Israelites, either as recovered from the scattered seed of Israel, or as Gentiles adopted and grafted into Israel, and thus becoming part of the chosen people of God^[45]. These religious denominations derive from that started by Joseph Smith, Jr., and almost half of all members (termed Latter-day Saints by themselves) live in the United States, while the rest are scattered in countries on every continent all over the world; the movement does not strictly believe that they are ethnic Jews as such, but rather that Israelites can refer to many different cultures, on occasion including Jews^[46]. They believe that certain Old Testament passages^[47] are prophecies implying that the House of Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) will take a prominent role in the spread of the gospel to all of scattered Israel in the last days, and that the House of Judah (ie. Judah) also has a prominent role in the last days and during the Millennium^[48]. This article on Mormonism and Judaism describes the views of Latter-day Saints, commonly known as Mormons, with respect to Jews and Judaism, and includes comparisons of the Mormon and Jewish faiths. ... The Latter Day Saint movement is a religious movement that can be said to have been founded primarily by Joseph Smith, Jr. ... The term Mormon is a colloquial name, most-often used to refer to members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ o