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The battle took place south of the ancient town Issus, which is close to present-day Iskenderum, Turkey, on either side of a small river called Pinarus.
If Darius were to reach the Gulf of Issus he could use the support from the Persian fleet under Pharnabazus still operating in the Mediterranean Sea, thus easing his supply and possibly landing troops behind the enemy.
The battle of Issus was illustrated (according to the Roman writer Pliny) by a Greek painter, Philoxenus of Eretria, in the late fourth century BC.
At that location the distance from the gulf of Issus to the surrounding mountains is only 2,6 km.
If Darius would reach the Gulf of Issus he could use the support from the Persian fleet under Pharnabazus still operating in the Mediterranean sea, thus easing his supply and possibly landing troops behind the enemy.
Darius knew that Parmenio held the Pass of Jonah and thus chose a northern route of advance.
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