Italian Radicals Radicali Italiani
Italian National Party
Leader	Rita Bernardini
Founded	December 11, 1955
Headquarters	Via di Torre Argentina, 76 00186 Rome
Coalition	L'Unione
Political ideology	Liberalism, Libertarianism, Social liberalism, Anti-clericalism, Secularism
European affiliation	European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party
International affiliation	none
Official newspaper	Notizie Radicali (online news) Radio Radicale (FM radio)
Website	http://www.radicali.it
See also	Politics of Italy Political parties in Italy Elections in Italy Image File history File links Radicali_Italiani_Coscioni. ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... LUnione (The Union in English) is a Italian left-wing coalition of parties. ... Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... Libertarianism is a political philosophy advocating that individuals should be free to do whatever they wish with their person or property, as long as they do not infringe on the same liberty of others. ... Social liberalism is either a synonym for new liberalism or a label used by progressive liberal parties in order to differentiate themselves from the more conservative liberal parties, especially when there are two or more liberal parties in a country. ... Anti-clericalism is a historical movement that opposes religious (generally Catholic) institutional power and influence in all aspects of public and political life, and the encroachment of religion in the everyday life of the citizen. ... Secularity is the state of being free from religious or spiritual qualities. ... The European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party (founded in 1993) is a liberal party, active in the European Union, uniting liberal and centrist parties around Europe which together represent more than 20 million European voters and is an international non-profit association incorporated under the laws of Belgium. ... Politics of Italy takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Political parties in Italy are organized into two dominant political coalitions. ... Elections in Italy gives information on election and election results in Italy. ...

Do not confuse the Italian Radicals with the Transnational Radical Party. See Italian Radicals (disambiguation). The Transnational Radical Party is a political association of citizens, parliamentarians and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to use nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals and the affirmation of democracy and freedom throughout the world. ... The original left-wing and nonviolent Italian Radical Party (Partito Radicale) was founded in 1955 by the left wing of Italian Liberal Party and relaunched in the sixties by Marco Pannella. ...

Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani) are an Italian political group that describe themselves as a "liberale, liberista e libertario" political movement (liberista means "in favour of the free market", libertarian, here, denotes a form of left-libertarianism). It was founded on 14 July 2001, and ever since then the party's secretary has been Daniele Capezzone, replaced by Rita Bernardini in 2006. The party intends to be Italy's national incarnation of the Transnational Radical Party. That is the continuation of the Radical Party founded in 1955 by the left-wing of Italian Liberal Party, relaunched in the 60s by Marco Pannella, and transformed into the Transnational Radical Party in 1989. This is a list about liberalism and political parties around the world. ... A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy... Historically, the term libertarianism was first coined by leftist followers of Mikhail Bakunin to describe their own, anti-statist version of socialism, as contrasted with the state socialism propounded by Karl Marx. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Daniele Capezzone, secretary of the Italian Radicals. ... See Italian Radicals (disambiguation). ... The Italian Liberal Party (Italian: Partito Liberale Italiano, PLI) was an Italian free market liberal party. ...

Structure

Radicali Italiani is affiliated with the Radical Party (Partito Radicale), also known as the Transnational Radical Party. Unlike the nonviolent Radical Party proper, a non-governmental organization working at the UN level, which by statute does not participate in national political competitions, all affiliated groups may take part in elections. The Transnational Radical Party is a political association of citizens, parliamentarians and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to use nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals and the affirmation of democracy and freedom throughout the world. ... The term non-governmental organization (NGO) is used in a variety of ways all over the world and, depending on the context in which it is used, can refer to many different types of organizations. ... The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, and social equity. ...

The Radical Party having become a transnational NGO, in 1992 its Italian members reorganised themselves into the List Pannella (Lista Pannella); after a new reorganisation the party named itself List Bonino (Lista Bonino) first and then Italian Radicals (Radicali Italiani), in 2001.

Alliances

The Radical Party had historically been considered a leftist political movement. When Italian media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi entered the political arena in 1994, Radicals decided to support his policies, albeit critically and without becoming directly involved in his governmental cabinets, in the hope of a "liberal revolution". Consequently, some regarded them as being a right-wing movement. However, since the late 90s, Radicals have not been part of any major coalition. Typically, Radicals are viewed as leftist by right-wing people, and rightist by left-wing people. In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul or a tycoon, is a person who controls a large portion of a particular industry and whose wealth derives primarily from said control. ...   (born September 29, 1936) is an Italian politician, entrepreneur, and media proprietor. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics. ...

During the Spring 2005 electoral campaign, the Italian Radicals took the unprecedented step of asking at the same time formal recognition from - and acceptance into- both major coalitions, the right-wing House of Freedoms and the left-wing Union, regardless of their respective political platforms. The Italian Radicals' request was turned down by both coalitions. 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Casa delle Libertà, or House of Freedoms in English, is an Italian right of center party alliance led by national media tycoon Silvio Berlusconi. ... The Union (Italian: LUnione) is an Italian centre-left political party coalition. ...

On November 17, 2005, the Italian Radicals established an alliance with the Italian Democratic Socialists, and formed a new and wider "Secular, Socialist, Liberal, Radical" movement, that should be part of the left-wing coalition L'Unione for the general election of 2006. The symbol and name of the new political movement is the Rose in the Fist, former symbol of the Radical party in the 1970s and 1980s, and the current symbol of Socialist International. 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... The Italian Democratic Socialists (Italian: Socialisti Democratici Italiani), or SDI, is a small social democratic party of moderate-left policies, heir of the old Italian Socialist Party and led by Enrico Boselli. ... LUnione (The Union in English) is a Italian left-wing coalition of parties. ... A general election for the renewal of the two Chambers of the Parliament of Italy was held on April 9 and April 10, 2006. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Rose in the Fist is an Italian political federation of parties founded in 2005. ... The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The official symbol of Socialist International The Socialist International is a worldwide organization of social democratic, labor, and democratic socialist political parties. ...

In the elections the list scored only 2.6%, much lesser than the electoral sum of the two parties before the alliace (Radicals alone took 2.3% in European Parliament election, 2004). It seemed that the Radicals lost voters in their strongholds in the North to Forza Italia, while the Socialists lost ground in the South, where they are more radicated, to the Olive Tree parties (see electoral results of the Rose in the Fist). Elections to the European Parliament were held from June 10, 2004 to June 13, 2004 in the 25 member states of the European Union, using varying election days according to local custom. ... Forza Italia (Forward Italy) is an Italian party. ... For the Italian political alliance see Olive Tree, and the color, olive (color). ... The Rose in the Fist is an Italian political federation of parties founded in 2005. ...

Party program

The Radicals are an atypical party for Italy: they are, among other things, the only party with a clear anti-clerical agenda, whereas most other parties prefer not to tread on the toes of the powerful catholic church. They are also vocal on human rights and legalisation of soft drugs, which has at times been the main issue in the movement. However, they have been in favour of military interventions in Kosovo, they are staunchly pro-American and are in favour of more freedom in the market. Anti-clericalism is a historical movement that opposes religious (generally Catholic) institutional power and influence in all aspects of public and political life, and the encroachment of religion in the everyday life of the citizen. ... The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... The term soft drug is given sometimes to a range of drugs that are supposed to be less harmful than other drugs, called hard drugs. ... For other uses of the name Kosovo, see Kosovo (disambiguation). ...

Among the current party campaigns are the following:

1. Support of civil unions.
2. Abolition of the Concordato, the treaty between Italy and the Vatican, perceived to be too favourable to the latter in economic and institutional terms.
3. Legalization of soft drugs.
4. Support for democracy in the Middle East and the world, support for inclusion of Israel and Turkey in the European Union, and defence of democracy in Iraq, even with troops (Radicals opposed the invasion of Iraq by US, but were in favour of Saddam's exile)
5. Abolition of professional guilds.
6. Improvement of jail system and amnesty.
7. Free access to IVF (strictly limited in Italy).
8. Research freedom (including bio-tech research).
9. Chemical abortion (still banned in Italy).
10. Generalized adoption of Esperanto as an international auxiliary language.

A civil union is a legal partnership agreement between two persons. ... The term soft drug is given sometimes to a range of drugs that are supposed to be less harmful than other drugs, called hard drugs. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... A guild is an association of people of the same trade or pursuits (with a similar skill or craft), formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards of workmanship and ethical conduct. ... In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilized outside the mothers body in cases where conception is difficult or impossible through normal intercourse. ... Look up Esperanto in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Names and symbols

The Italian Radicals have gone through several names and symbols including:

1. the French Marianne
2. the Rose in the Fist (as the Socialist International logo),
3. Gandhi made of "Radical Party" letters, see Transnational Radical Party
4. From 1990 on, as Antiproibizionisti
5. As Lista Marco Pannella
6. As Lista Bonino, named after prominent EU former commissioner Emma Bonino

Liberty guiding the people, by Delacroix. Marianne busts with features of Brigitte Bardot - Catherine Deneuve - Mireille Mathieu Marianne, a national emblem of France, is a personification of Liberty and Reason. ... The Transnational Radical Party is a political association of citizens, parliamentarians and members of government of various national and political backgrounds who intend to use nonviolent means to create an effective body of international law with respect for individuals and the affirmation of democracy and freedom throughout the world. ... This article is part of or related to the Liberalism series Categories: Politics stubs | Liberal related stubs | Liberal parties | Italian political parties ... Emma Bonino was born on March 9, 1948 in Bra, is an Italian politician and is now a Member of the European Parliament. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1241x1022, 171 KB) Same image in much smaller size is found at Image:Liberty Leading the People. ... Delacroix featured on the 1994 100 francs banknote along with his Liberty Leading the People. ... Eugène Delacroix (portrait by Nadar) Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (April 26, 1798 - August 13, 1863) was an important painter from the French romantic period. ...

The Rose in the fist. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1299x1299, 438 KB) Summary Logo of the Rose in the Fist, a political federation of parties in Italy. ...

One of the Italian Radicals' former symbols, the Lista Bonino. Image File history File links Lista_Bonino. ...

Schisms

Over the years dissenting groups have emerged from Italy's radical area, and have been taking different stands than those of Marco Pannella's Radicali on a variety of issues. Notable in that respect were Giuseppe Rippa's Movimento Federativo Radicale ("Federal Radical Movement") and in 2005 Benedetto Della Vedova's Liberal Reformers. Giacinto Pannella, aka Marco (Teramo May 2, 1930 from an Italian father and a Swiss mother) is an Italian politician. ... Benedetto Della Vedova is the leader of Liberal Reformers, a minor liberal and libertarian party, member of the House of Freedoms coalition. ... Liberal Reformers is a party founded in 2005 by a split from Italian Radicals of those radicals that were against the alliance with Italian Democratic Socialists. ...

See also

• Liberalism
• Contributions to liberal theory
• Liberalism worldwide
• List of liberal parties
• Liberal democracy
• Liberalism and radicalism in Italy

Liberalism is an ideology, philosophical view, and political tradition which holds that liberty is the primary political value. ... This is an (partial) overview of individuals that contributed to the development of liberal theory on a worldwide scale and therefore are strongly associated with the liberal tradition and instrumental in the exposition of political liberalism as a philosophy. ... This article discusses liberalism as a major political current in specific regions and countries. ... This is an overview of parties that adhere more or less (explicitly) to the ideas of political liberalism and is therefore a list of liberal parties around the world. ... This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ... This article gives an overview of liberalism and radicalism in Italy. ...

External links

• Italian Radicals official site
• Transnational Radical Party official site
• Official web site of Associazione Luca Coscioni
• The official radio of the party
• Web site of a Radical review
• Official web site of Riformatori Liberali
• A huge list of Italian radical sites
• Appeal to Marco Pannella on overpopulation

Political parties of Italy

	The Union	House of Freedoms
Represented in Parliament	Federation of the Olive Tree (Democrats of the Left, Daisy-Democracy and Freedom, European Republican Movement) | Communist Refoundation Party | Rose in the Fist (Italian Democratic Socialists, Italian Radicals) | Party of Italian Communists | Italy of Values | Federation of the Greens | Popular-UDEUR | South Tyrolese People's Party | Autonomy Liberty Democracy	Forza Italia | National Alliance | Union of Christian and Centre Democrats | LN/MpA (Northern League, Movement for Autonomy) | New DC/NPSI (Christian Democracy for the Autonomies, Socialist Party New PSI) | Italian Republican Party | Liberal Reformers | For Italy in the World with Tremaglia
Minor	Pensioners' Party | The Socialists | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | Left-Wing Radicals | Federation of Italian Liberals | Federation of Liberal Democrats | United Democratic Christians | Consumers' List | New Party of Action | United Consumers | Party of Christian Democracy | Republicans for the Union (Democratic Republicans, Republican Democracy) | League for Autonomy-Lombard Alliance | Project Sardinia | Veneto Front League	Social Alternative (Social Action, New Force, National Social Front) | Social Movement Tricolour Flame | Italian Liberal Party | No Euro Movement | Secular Italy | United Pensioners | Christian Extended Pact | CD - Shield with the Cross - Libertas | Environmental List-Ecological Democrats | Federalist Greens | S.O.S. Italy | New Sicily | Pact for Sicily | Unitalia
Regional	Aosta Valley Live | Die Freiheitlichen | Valdotanian Union | Ladins | Sardinian Action Party | Independence-Republic of Sardinia | Sardinia Nation | Union for South Tyrol | Sicilian Alliance
Others	Fascism and Freedom Movement | For the South | Green Greens | Humanist Party | Internationalist Communist Party | Italian Association in South America | Italian Marxist-Leninist Party | Liberal Socialist Action Party | Marxist-Leninist Italian Communist Party | Moderate Italy | Monarchist Alliance | National Democratic Party | National New Order | National Right-New ISM | North-East Project | Pact of Liberal Democrats | Social Idea Movement | Southern League
Historical	Christian Democracy | Italian Communist Party | Italian Socialist Party | Italian Social Movement | Democratic Party of the Left | Proletarian Democracy | Proletarian Unity Party | Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity] | Unified Socialist Party | Italian Democratic Socialist Party | Democratic Alliance |