A Petrarchan sonnet, also called the Italian sonnet, is a sonnet comprising an octave and a closing sestet. The octave is composed of two quatrains following the form abba. The poems usually follow the rhyme schemeabba abba cde cde, abba abba cd cd cd, and even abba abba cce dde and abba abba cdd cee.
The Italiansonnet was probably invented by Giacomo da Lentini, head of the Sicilian School under Frederick II.
His sonnets and those of his contemporary the Earl of Surrey were chiefly translations from the Italian of Petrarch and the French of Ronsard and others.
In the 17th century, the sonnet was adapted to other purposes, with John Donne and George Herbert writing religious sonnets, and John Milton using the sonnet as a general meditative poem.
Initially, the Sonnet appeared in the early thirteenth century at the Sicilian court of Frederick II (King of Sicily (1197-1250) and Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1197-1250)).
The Italian (or Petrarchan) Sonnet developed from the Sicilian Sonnet, by using envelope rhyme (instead of the alternating rhyme of the Sicilian Sonnet) in the octave.
Terza Rima Sonnet: A sonnet in terza rima (aba bcb cdc ded ee).
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