'Ivailo' was a Bulgarian tsar from 1277 to 1280. He briefly united commoners behind one leader and repelled invasions from Tartars before his reign collapsed. Events The philosophical doctrine Averroism is banned from Paris by bishop Etienne Tempier Burmas Pagan empire begins to disintegrate after being defeated by Kublai Khan at Ngasaungsyan, near the Chinese border. ... Events Eric II crowned king of Norway Births Deaths August 22 - Pope Nicholas III November 15 - German philosopher Categories: 1280 ... Tartar refers to: the Tatars, an ethnic group in present-day Russia (this term formerly extended to nearly all Central Asian and Mongolian ethnic groups) Mongolian tribe Tartars in 12th century hardened dental plaque (see calculus (dental)). You may also be looking for: tartar sauce, salts of tartaric acid: cream...

Following the rule of Ivan Asen II, there were several mediocre tsars: his sons, Kaliman and Michael II Asen, from his two marriages. Neither was a successful ruler, and Tartar invasions from the north continued. During their rule, the Nicean Empire captured Macedonia and the Rhodopes, while the Comnenus family controlled Epirus and Albania. Eventually the bolyar Constantine Tikh ascended to the throne in 1257, but proved to be a mediocre ruler and was unable to protect against the Byzantine Empire and Tartars. Ivan Asen II (Ioan Asen II) (1218–1241), tsar of Bulgaria, was the son of Asen, founder of the Second Bulgarian Empire. ... The Empire of Nicaea was the largest of the states founded by refugees from the Byzantine Empire after Constantinople was conquered during the Fourth Crusade. ... The Rhodopes (also spelled Rodopi) are a mountain range, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece. ... Byzantine emperor Alexius I Comnenus The Comnenus family was an important family in the history of the Byzantine Empire. ... Epirus (Greek Ήπειρος, Albanian Çamëria) is a province in northwestern Greece (a Greek periphery) bounded by West Macedonia and Thessaly to the east, by the Ambracian Gulf and the province of West Greece to the south, the Ionian Sea and the Ionian Islands to the west and Albania to the... Events La Sorbonne, the famous university in Paris, is founded Eutin in Schleswig-Holstein is given its city rights Henry III of England orders the production of a coinage of pure gold location of city Cracow Births Sancho IV king of Castile and León Deaths Pho Khun Si Indrathit... The Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered at its capital in Constantinople. ... Tatars or Tartars is a collective name applied to the Turkic-speaking people of Europe and Asia. ...

After Constantine Tikh raised taxes, the peasant Ivailo, formerly a swineherd in Dobroudja, began to gain power. A gifted speaker, Ivailo convinced the other peasant that he was an instrument of God sent to liberate them from heay taxes and continuing attacks from the outside. Ivailo's power culminated in 1277, when a peasant revolt broke out an enabled Ivailo to repel the Tartars. With his army, the new tsar was able to discourage the Tartars and turned his sights on Constantine Tikh. The term God is ordinarily used to designate a singular, universal Supreme Being. ...

With his army growing with each new town liberated, Ivailo began to be regarded as a patriot able to defeat the aging and inept Constantine Tikh. Once he confronted the former tsar, Ivailo won and besieged the capital. However, the Byzantines attacked him from the rear and he was forced to seek reconciliation.

Ivailo ruled from 1278-1280, defending the kingdom from constant assault on all sides. Eventually the Byzantines attacked again, and although Ivailo was a skilled commander and was consistently able to defeat the Byzantines, he lost peasant support and was forced to turn to his former enemies, the Tartars, who killed him in their camp. Ivailo's fame continued, however, and his name was frequently used to attract support for other rulers.