He published his first poem in 1887 in one of St. Petersburg's literary magazines. His first collection of poems, "Listopad", appeared in 1901 and was warmly welcomed by critics. Besides writing poems, Bunin was a well-known translator. The most famous of his works in the field of translation is Longfellow's "The Song of Hiawatha" for which Bunin was awarded the Pushkin Prize in 1903.
Bunin was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1933.
Bunin wrote short stories for various newspapers, and started a correspondence with Anton Chechov, becoming a close friend with him.
Bunin's realistic portrayal of village life destroyed the idealized picture of unspoiled peasants, and arose much controversy with its "characters sunk so far below the average of intelligence as to be scarcely human." Two years later appeared SUKHODOL (Dry Valley), a lament for the passing of gentry life and a veiled biography of Bunin's family.