Ivan Franko

Ivan Franko (Іван Франко) (August 15, 1856 – May 28, 1916) was a Ukrainian poet and writer, social and literary critic, journalist, economist, and political activist. He was a revolutionary democrat, and a founder of the socialist movement in Ukraine. In addition to his own literary work, he also translated the works of William Shakespeare, Lord Byron, Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Dante, Victor Hugo, Goethe and Schiller into the Ukrainian language. Along with Taras Shevchenko, he has had a tremendous impact on modern literary and political thought in Ukraine. Ivan Franko, 1886. ... Ivan Franko, 1886. ... August 15 is the 227th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (228th in leap years), with 138 days remaining. ... 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Lord Byron, English poet Lord Byron (1803), as painted by Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron, (January 22, 1788 – April 19, 1824) was the most widely read English language poet of his day. ... Pedro Calderon de la Barca Pedro Calderón de la Barca (January 17, 1600 – May 25, 1681), was an important dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age. ... Dante redirects here. ... Victor-Marie Hugo. ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (November 10, 1759 - May 9, 1805), usually known as Friedrich Schiller, was a German poet, philosopher, historian, and dramatist. ... Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayinska mova, ) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. ... Taras Shevchenko Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko, Ukrainian: Тарас Григорович Шевченко; (March 9, 1814 - March 10, 1861) was a Ukrainian poet, also an artist and a humanist. ...

His Life

Franko was born in Nahuievychi, in the Drohobych county of eastern Halychyna, Galicia (which is today part of the Lviv Oblast in Ukraine) and was the son of a village blacksmith, of German ancestry, original surname was Frank. He attended school in the village Yasenycia Silna from 1862 until 1864, and from there attended a Basilian monastic school in Drohobych until 1867. In 1875, he graduated from the Drohobych gymnasium (a secondary school) and continued on to Lviv University, where he studied classical philosophy and Ukrainian language and literature. It was at this University he began is literary career, with various works of poetry and his novel Petriï i Dovbushchuky published by the students' magazine Druh (Friend), whose editorial board he would later join. In 1876, Lesyshyna Cheliad and Dva Pryiateli (Two Friends) were published in the literary almanac Dnistrianka. Later that year he wrote his first collection of poetry, Ballads and Tales. His first of the stories in the Boryslaw series were published in 1877. Drohobych (Ukrainian: Дрогобич; Polish: , German: ; Russian: ; Yiddish: דראָביטש) is a city in western Ukraine within the Lviv Oblast. ... Coat-of-arms of Galicia Galicia is an historical region currently split between Poland and Ukraine. ... Lviv Oblast is an oblast of western Ukraine, created on December 4, 1939. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1864 (MDCCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Basilian Fathers, also known as The Congregation of Saint Basil, is an international order of Roman Catholic priests and students studying for the priesthood. ... 1867 (MDCCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The building of the University. ... Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayinska mova, ) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) is a leap year starting on Saturday. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The grave of Ivan Franko in the Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine.

It was at Lviv University where he was introduced to Mykhailo Drahomanov, with whom he shared a long political and literary association. His socialist political writings, along with his association with Drahomanov, resulted in Franko's arrest in 1877 along with, among others, Mykhailo Pavlyk and Ostap Terletsky. They were accused of belonging to a secret socialist organization, which did not exist. However, his eight months in prison did not discourage his political writings and activities. In prison, Franko wrote the satire Smorhonska Akademiya (The Smorhon Academy). After his release, he studied the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, contributed articles to the Polish newspaper Praca and helped organize workers' groups in L'viv. In 1878 he and Pavlyk founded the magazine Hromads'kyi Druh. Only two issues were published before it was banned by the government; however, the journal was reborn under the names Dzvin and Molot. Franko published a series of books called Dribna Biblioteka from 1878 until his arrest for arousing the peasants to civil disobedience in 1880. He was sent to the infamous Siberian prison compound of Kolyma where he spent three months. His impressions of this exile are enumerated in his novel Na Dni (On the Bottom). Upon his release, he was kept under police surveillance and he was kicked out of Lviv University (ironically, the university would be renamed the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv after Franko's death). Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 396 KB) Summary Description: The grave of Ivan Franko in the Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1200x1600, 396 KB) Summary Description: The grave of Ivan Franko in the Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv, Ukraine. ... Cemetery in 2003 Lychakivskiy Cemetery (Polish Cmentarz Łyczakowski) is a famous cemetery in Lviv. ... Mykhailo Petrovych Drahomanov (1841–1895, Ukrainian: ) was a famous Ukrainian economist, historian, philosopher, folklorist and public figure. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary. ... Friedrich Engels (November 28, 1820, Wuppertal–August 5, 1895) was a 19th-century German political philosopher. ... Lviv coat of arms Motto: Semper fidelis Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population    total 2000    density 808,900 4786/km² Founded city rights 13th century 1353 Area code + 0322 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Twin towns... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Siberia is also an album by Echo & The Bunnymen. ... The Kolyma (pronounced kah-lee-MAH) region is located in the far northeastern area of the Russian Federation. ...

Franko was an active contributor to the journal Swit (The World) in 1881. He wrote more than half of the material, excluding the unsigned editorials. It was in this journal the novel Boryslaw Smiyetsia (Boryslaw Is Laughing) was published. Later that year, Franko moved to Nahuyevychi where he wrote the novel Zakhar Berkut, translated Goethe's Faust and Heine's poem Deutschland: ein Wintermärchen into Ukrainian. He also wrote a series of articles on Taras Shevchenko, and reviewed the collection Khutorna Poeziya by P. Kulish. Franko worked for the journal Zorya (Sunrise) and became a member of the editing board of the newspaper Dilo (Action) a year later. 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (pronounced [gø tə]) (August 28, 1749–March 22, 1832) was a German writer, politician, humanist, scientist, and philosopher. ... Faust (Latin Faustus) is the protagonist of a popular German tale of a pact with the Devil, assumed to be based on the figure of the German magician and alchemist Dr. Johann Georg Faust (approximately 1480–1540). ... Heine is a German family name. ... Taras Shevchenko Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko, Ukrainian: Тарас Григорович Шевченко; (March 9, 1814 - March 10, 1861) was a Ukrainian poet, also an artist and a humanist. ...

He married Olha Khorunzhynska in May 1886, to whom he dedicated the collection Z vershyn i nyzhyn (From Hills and Valleys), a book of poetry and verse. His wife was to later suffer from a debilitating mental illness, one of the reasons that Franko would not leave Lviv for treatment in Kyiv in 1916, shortly before his death. 1886 (MDCCCLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Friday (click on link to calendar) // Events January 18 - Modern field hockey is born with the formation of The Hockey Association in England. ... Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv ; Polish: Lwów; Russian: Львов, Lvov; German: Lemberg; Latin: Leopolis; see also Cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine, the capital city of the Lviv Oblast (province) and one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. ... Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1888 Franko was a contributor to the journal Pravda (not to be confused with the Soviet newspaper Pravda), which, along with his association with compatriots from Dnieper Ukraine, led to a third arrest in 1889. After this two-month prison term, he co-founded the Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical party with Mykhailo Drahomanov and Mykhailo Pavlyk, the latter with whom he published the semimonthly Narod from 1890 until 1895. Franko was the Radical party's candidate for seats in the Parliament of Austria-Hungary and the Galicia Diet, but never won an election. 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... This article describes the Soviet/Russian newspaper. ... This article is about the river. ... 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Mykhailo Petrovych Drahomanov (1841–1895, Ukrainian: ) was a famous Ukrainian economist, historian, philosopher, folklorist and public figure. ... 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... States currently utilizing parliamentary systems are denoted in orange and red—the former being constitutional monarchies where authority is vested in a parliament, and the latter being parliamentary republics whose parliaments are effectively supreme over a separate head of state. ... Austria-Hungary, also known as the Dual monarchy (or: the k. ...

In 1891, he attended Chernivtsi University in 1891 (where he prepared a dissertation on Ivan Vyshensky) and afterwards attended Vienna University where he defended his doctoral dissertation on the spiritual romance Barlaam and Josaphat under the supervision of Vatroslav Jagić, who was considered the foremost expert of Slavic languages at the time. Franko was appointed lecturer in the history of Ukrainian literature at Lviv University in 1894; however, he was not able to chair the Department of Ukrainian literature there because of opposition from Vicegerent Kazimierz Badeni and Galician reactionary circles. 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Chernivtsi University (current full name Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University) is the leading Ukrainian institution for higher education in Northern Bukovina, located in Chernivtsi, the city in the south-west of Ukraine. ... 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The University of Vienna (German: Universität Wien) was founded in 1365 by Rudolph IV and hence named Alma mater Rudolphina. ... Saint Josaphat is said to have lived and died in the 3rd century or 4th century in India. ... Vatroslav Jagić (July 6, 1838 - August 5, 1923), was a Croatian language researcher and a famous expert in the area of Slavic languages (Slavistics) in the second half of the 19th century. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The official administrative deputy of a ruler or head of state. ... Kasimir Felix Graf Badeni (or Count Kasimir Felix von Badeni). ...

One of his articles, Sotsiializm i sotsiial-demokratyzm (Socialism and Social Democracy), a severe criticism of Ukrainian Social Democracy and the socialism of Marx and Engels, was published in 1898 in the journal Zhytie I Slovo, which he and his wife founded. He continued his anti-Marxist stance in a collection of poetry entitled Mii izmarahd (My Emerald) in 1898, where he called Marxism "a religion founded on dogmas of hatred and class struggle." His long time collaborative association with Mykhailo Drahomanov were strained due to their diverging views on socialism and the national question, and Franko would later accuse him of tying Ukraine's fate to that of Russia in Suspil'nopolitychni pohliady M. Drahomanova (The Sociopolitical Views of M. Drahomanov), published in 1906. After a split in the Radical Party, in 1899, Franko, together with the Lviv historian, Mykhailo Hrushevsky, founded the National Democratic Party where he worked until 1904, when he retired from political life. Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary. ... The term Engels could refer to more than one thing: Friedrich Engels, German socialist Engels, Russia, formerly known as Pokrovsk This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Hrushevsky in 1895 Mykhailo Serhiyovych Hrushevsky (Ukrainian: }; CheÅ‚m, 29 June (17 June Old Style) 1866 — Kislovodsk, 26 November 1934) was one of the most important Ukrainian public figures of the 20th century. ... The National Democratic Party could refer to Mongolian National Democratic Party National Democratic Party (Barbados) National Democratic Party (Djibouti) National Democratic Party (Egypt) National Democratic Party (Georgia) National Democratic Party (Germany) National Democratic Party (Iraq) National Democratic Party (Poland) National Democratic Party (Suriname) National Democratic Party (UK) National Democratic Party... 1904 (MCMIV) was a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

In 1902 students and activists in Lviv, embarrassed that Franko was living in poverty, purchased a house for him in the city. He lived there for the remaining 14 years of his life. The house is now the site of the Ivan Franko Museum. 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1914, his jubilee collection, Pryvit Ivanovi Frankovi (Greeting Ivan Franko), and the collection Iz lit moyeyi molodosti (From the Years of My Youth) were published. 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

He died in poverty at 4 p.m. on May 28, 1916. Those who came to pay their respects saw him lying on the table covered with nothing but a ragged sheet. His burial and burial-clothes were paid for by his admirers, and none of his family came to visit him. These events caused Heinrich Wigeleiser of the Academic Gymnasium to tell his Ukrainian students: "Go and see him lying – as poor as your entire nation is. You did not prize him when he was alive and you do not prize him now, when he is dead". Franko was buried at the Lychakivskiy Cemetery in Lviv. May 28 is the 148th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (149th in leap years). ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Cemetery in 2003 Lychakivskiy Cemetery (Polish Cmentarz Łyczakowski) is a famous cemetery in Lviv. ...

Literary Works

Franko depicted the harsh experience of Ukrainian workers and peasants in his novels Boryslaw Laughs (1881-1882) and Boa Constrictor (1878). His works deal with Ukrainian nationalism and history (Zakhar Berkut, 1883), social issues (Basis of Society, 1895 and Withered Leaves, 1896), and philosophy (Semper Tiro, 1906) 1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

He has drawn parallels to the Israelite search for a homeland and the Ukrainian desire for independence in In Death of Cain (1889) and Moses (1905). His is best known for Stolen Happiness (1893), considered a dramatic masterpiece. In total, Franko has written more than 1,000 works. 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

Trivia

In 1962 the city of Stanislaviv in western Ukraine was renamed Ivano-Frankivsk in the poet's honor. Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian: Івано-Франківськ, Ivano-Frankivsk; before 1962 Станиславів, Stanyslaviv; Polish: Stanisławów; Russian: ; German: Stanislau (before World War I); Yiddish: סטאַניסלעוו, Stanislev) is a city in Ukraine. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Ivan Franko

• Article on Ivan Franko from the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
• Ivan Franko Lviv State University
• Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
• Ivan Franko, Russian And Eastern European Literature, Biographies from AllRefer.com
• One Day in Ivan Franko's House in Lviv: Photographed Essay of 30 May 2004
• Life of Ivan Franko on the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv website.