Look up J, j in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd   Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv   Ww Xx Yy Zz

J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added. Its name in English is jay (pronounced /dʒeɪ/).^[1][2] It was formerly jy (from French ji), and in some dialects, mainly of Scottish English, it still is (pronounced /dʒaɪ/).^[1] The J# (pronounced J-sharp) programming language is a transitional language for programmers of Suns Java and Microsofts J++ languages, so they may use their existing knowledge, and applications on Microsofts . ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wiktionary (a portmanteau of wiki and dictionary) is a multilingual, Web-based project to create a free content dictionary, available in over 151 languages. ... Image File history File links Latin_alphabet_Jj. ... Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ... For other uses of A, see A (disambiguation). ... For other uses of B, see B (disambiguation). ... Look up C, c in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see D (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see E (disambiguation). ... For other uses of F, see F (disambiguation). ... For other uses of G, see G (disambiguation). ... Look up H, h in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see K (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see L (disambiguation). ... For other uses of M, see M (disambiguation). ... For other uses of N, see N (disambiguation). ... Look up O, o in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the Latin alphabet letter. ... This article is about the Latin alphabet letter. ... Look up R, r in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up S, s in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see T (disambiguation). ... For other uses of U, see U (disambiguation). ... Look up V, v in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up W, w in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For other uses, see X (disambiguation). ... For other uses of Y, see Y (disambiguation). ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz redirects here. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Scottish English is usually taken to mean the standard form of the English language used in Scotland, often termed Scottish Standard English[1][2]. It is the language normally used in formal, non-fiction written texts in Scotland. ...

On many QWERTY alphanumeric keyboards, the F and J keys have a raised bar (perceptible to the touch) over them to assist in touch typing. All other keys can be found with their relative positions around these two keys as the index finger is generally used to type the F and the J. (Other QWERTY keyboards are centered on the D and K keys.) For the song by Linkin Park, see QWERTY (song). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses of F, see F (disambiguation). ... Touch typing is typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys. ... The second digit of a human hand is also referred to as the index finger, pointer finger, forefinger, trigger finger, digitus secundus, or digitus II. It is located between the first and third digits - that is, between the thumb and the middle finger. ... For other uses of F, see F (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see D (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see K (disambiguation). ...

History

J was originally an alternative version of I. There was an emerging distinctive use in Middle High German.^[3] Petrus Ramus (d. 1572) was the first to explicitly distinguish I and J as representing separate sounds. Originally, both I and J represented /i/, /iː/, and /j/; but Romance languages developed new sounds (from former /j/ and /g/) that came to be represented as I and J; therefore, English J (from French J) has a sound value quite different from /j/. Look up I, i in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Middle High German (MHG, German Mittelhochdeutsch) is the term used for the period in the history of the German language between 1050 and 1350. ... Petrus Ramus. ... January 16 - Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. ... The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family that comprises all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

All the Germanic languages except English and Luxemburgish use J for /j/. This is also true of Albanian, and those Uralic and Slavic languages that use the Latin alphabet, such as Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian, Polish, and Czech. Some languages in these families, such as Serbian, also adopted J into the Cyrillic alphabet for the same purpose. Because of this standard, the minuscule letter was chosen to be used in the IPA as the phonetic symbol for the sound. The Germanic languages are a group of related languages constituting a branch of the Indo-European (IE) language family. ... Luxembourgish (Luxembourgish: , French: , German: , Walloon: ), also spelled Luxemburgish, is a West Germanic language spoken in Luxembourg. ... Geographical distribution of Samoyedic, Finnic, Ugric and Yukaghir languages  Yukaghir  Samoyedic  Ugric  Finnic The Uralic languages (pronounced: ) form a language family of about 30 languages spoken by approximately 20 million people. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... The Hungarian language is a Finno-Ugric language spoken in Hungary and in adjacent areas of Romania, Slovakia, Ukraine, Serbia, Croatia, Austria, Slovenia (all territories lost after World War I). ... Serbian (; ) is one of the standard versions of the Shtokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia, and by Serbs in the Serbian diaspora. ... Je (Ј, ј) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian and Macedonian languages. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ... Articles with similar titles include the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ...

Linguists from Germany and Central Europe also took up this letter in transliterations from those Slavic languages which use the Cyrillic alphabet. Specifically, the "Е" in Russian is sometimes transliterated "je" (with the "Ё" becoming "jo"); the "Я" is transliterated as "ja"; and the character "Ю" is transliterated "ju" - whereas the linguists from America and the English speaking world use "y" in place of "j" because of English, French, and Spanish use of Y for /j/. European linguists also use the character Й so that their transliterations of nominative case of adjectives ("-ий") end in "-ij" whereas in American transliterations it's "-ii". The student who uses the American transliteration has to remember that the second "i" is different from the first in the original. Ye, or E (Е, е), is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Yu (Ю, ю) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the iotated vowel /ju/. In common with many Cyrillic letters, it was derived from a digraph, being a ligature of Izhe (then І) or Izhei (then Н, both now И) and Uk (Ѹ, no longer in the alphabet). ... Й, й (Short I) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. ...

In modern standard Italian spelling, only Latin words or those of foreign languages have J. Until the 19th century, J was used instead of I in diphthongs, as a replacement for final -ii, and in vowel groups (as in Savoja); this rule was quite strict for official writing. And J is also used for rendering words in dialect, where it stands for /j/, e.g. Romanesque ajo for standard aglio (garlic). The Italian Novelist Luigi Pirandello utilised J in vowel groups in his works. For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... In phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (Greek δίφθογγος, diphthongos, literally with two sounds, or with two tones) is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement from one vowel to another, often interpreted by listeners as a single vowel sound or phoneme. ... Luigi Pirandello (June 28, 1867 – December 10, 1936) was an Italian dramatist, novelist, and short story writer awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1934. ...

In Spanish J stands for /x ~ h/ (which developed from an earlier affricate /dʒ/), similar to the English "H" sound. However, the actual phonetic realization depends on dialect. When followed by an 'A' or an 'O' however, it assumes a guttural sound (fricative uvular /X/), probably a remainder of Arabic or Hebrew influences. Affricate consonants begin as stops (most often an alveolar, such as or ) but release as a fricative (such as or or, in a couple of languages, into a fricative trill) rather than directly into the following vowel. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... The word Hebrew most likely means to cross over, referring to the Semitic people crossing over the Euphrates River. ...

In French, Portuguese, and Romanian, former /dʒ/ is now pronounced as /ʒ/ (as in English measure).

In Turkish, Azerbaijani and Tatar, J always represents /ʒ/. The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language spoken by the Tatars. ...

Hebrew also influenced the English J, which in a few cases is used in place of the more normal Y. The classic example is Hallelujah which is pronounced the same as "Halleluyah". See the Hebrew yodh for more details. Hebrew redirects here. ... Look up Hallelujah in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Yodh (also spelled Yud or Yod) is the tenth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Aramaic, Hebrew , Syriac and Arabic (in abjadi order, 28th in modern order). ...

Some German typefaces of the fraktur or schwabacher types, obsolete since the end of the Second World War, do not necessarily distinguish between the capital I and J. The same character, a 'J' with a top serif of the tilde form, was sometimes used for both. The minuscule i and j, however, were distinguished. The German word Fraktur (pronounced in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)) refers to a specific sub-group of blackletter typefaces. ... The German word Schwabacher (pronounced in IPA) refers to a specific blackletter typeface. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... In typography, serifs are non-structural details on the ends of some of the strokes that make up letters and symbols. ... For the baseball player known as the Big Tilde, see Magglio Ordóñez. ...

In Thomas Hardy's novel Tess Of The D'Urbervilles, Tess's mother writes letters to Angel Clare using "J" as the first person singular. Although the novel is set in the 19th century, this practice apparently remained in some rural areas. Thomas Hardy redirects here. ... Tess of the dUrbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented is a novel by Thomas Hardy, first published in 1891. ...

In Denmark, Germany, Norway, Sweden and Albania, this letter is often written with a long serif on top, but only to the left of the character. In typography, serifs are non-structural details on the ends of some of the strokes that make up letters and symbols. ...

J is used relatively infrequently in the English Language, though it is more commonly used than Q, X or Z. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... This article is about the Latin alphabet letter. ... For other uses, see X (disambiguation). ... Look up Z, z in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Codes for computing

Alternative representations of J

NATO phonetic		Morse code
Juliet		·–––
Signal flag	Flag semaphore	ASL Manual	Braille

In Unicode the capital J is codepoint U+004A and the lowercase j is U+006A. Unicode also has a dotless variant, ȷ (U+0237) for use with combining diacritics. FAA radiotelephony phonetic alphabet and Morse code chart. ... 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting telegraphic information, using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a message. ... Image File history File links ICS_Juliet. ... Image File history File links Semaphore_Juliet. ... Image File history File links Sign_language_J.svg‎ Sign language – letter J. Based on the Gallaudet font. ... Image File history File links Braille_J0. ... The system of international maritime signal flags is a way of representing individual letters of the alphabet in signals to or from ships. ... The American Sign Language Alphabet is a manual alphabet that augments the vocabulary of American Sign Language when spelling individual letters of a word is the preferred or only option, such as with proper names or the titles of works. ... Listen to this article ( info/dl) This audio file was created from a revision dated 2006-09-06, and may not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... The Unicode Standard, Version 5. ... Majuscules or capital letters (in the Roman alphabet: A, B, C, ...) are one type of case in a writing system. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Letter case. ... Combining diacritical marks are Unicode characters that are intended to modify other characters (see Diacritic). ...

The ASCII code for capital J is 74 and for lowercase j is 106; or in binary 01001010 and 01101010, correspondingly. Image:ASCII fullsvg There are 95 printable ASCII characters, numbered 32 to 126. ... The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols, usually 0 and 1. ...

The EBCDIC code for capital J is 209 and for lowercase j is 145. EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) is an 8-bit character encoding (code page) used on IBM mainframe operating systems, like z/OS, OS/390, VM and VSE, as well as IBM minicomputer operating systems like OS/400 and i5/OS. It is also employed on various non-IBM...

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "J" and "j" for upper and lower case respectively. A numeric character reference (NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-based markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represent a single character from the Universal Character Set (UCS) of Unicode. ... HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. ... The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a general-purpose markup language. ...

Trivia

• The dot above the lowercase "i" and "j" is known as a tittle.
• "J" is the only letter that does not appear in the Periodic Table of the Elements (although Jl was once symbol for joliotium, and J alone has been used for iodine^[4]). "Q" is only used in temporary systematic chemical symbols.

i j A tittle is a small distinguishing mark, such as a diacritic or the dot over an i or a j. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of the known chemical elements. ... The names for the chemical elements 104 to 108 have been the subject of a major controversy starting in the 1960s which was only finally resolved in 1997. ... For other uses, see Iodine (disambiguation). ... In chemistry, heavy transuranic elements receive a permanent trivial name and symbol only after their synthesis has been confirmed. ...

Meanings of J

See J (disambiguation).

J is the tenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ...

References