(This page is mostly a translation of the article in the German language Wikipedia.)

Jülich is a medium-size town in the district of Düren is a Kreis (district) in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Neighboring districts are Heinsberg, Neuss, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, Euskirchen and Aachen. History The district was created in 1972 by merging the former districts of Jülich and Düren. Both districts date back... Düren, in the federal state of With eighteen million inhabitants inhabiting 34,080 km² in western-northwestern Germany, North Rhine-Westphalia (German Nordrhein-Westfalen) is largest in population though only fourth in area among Germanys sixteen federal states. The capital is Düsseldorf. Geography North Rhine-Westphalia borders on (from the west and clockwise) Belgium... Nordrhein-Westfalen, in The Federal Republic of Germany ( German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is one of the worlds leading industrialised countries, located in the heart of Europe. Due to its central location, Germany has more neighbours than any other European country: these are Denmark in the north, Poland and the Czech Republic in the... Germany. Jülich is well known as location of a world-famous research centre.

Geography

Jülich is situated in the Rur valley on the banks of the river Rur (-German, in Dutch: Roer, not to be confused with the Ruhr) is a river in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. It is a tributary to the river Meuse. About 90% of the river is in Germany. Geography The source of the Rur is in the National Park Hautes Fagnes... Rur. The town is bordered by the town of Linnich in the north, the municipality of Titz in the north-east, the municipality of Niederzier in the south-east, by the municipality of Inden in the south and the municipality of Aldenhoven in the west. Its maximum size is 13,3 km from east to west and 10,9 km from north to south. The highest point in Jülich is in Bourheim and is 110 m above sea level (except Sophienhöhe), the lowest point is 70 m above sea level and is found in Barmen.

Boroughs

The town of Jülich comprises 16 boroughs:

• Town centre
• Altenburg
• Barmen
• Bourheim
• Broich
• Daubenrath
• Güsten
• Kirchberg
• Koslar
• Lich-Steinstraß
• Mersch
• Merzenhausen
• Pattern
• Selgersdorf
• Stetternich
• Welldorf (including Serrest)

History

Maximum extent of the French fortification of Jülich

Jülich is first mentioned in Roman times as Juliacum along a road through the Rur valley. The counts and dukes of Jülich extended their influence during the The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. The Middle Ages of Western Europe are commonly dated from the end of the Western Roman Empire... Middle Ages and granted Jülich city status in Events Canonization of Saint Dominic Collapse of the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) Deaths Emperor Chukyo of Japan Emperor Go-Horikawa of Japan Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon (reigned... 1234 (Count Wilhelm IV). During battles with the The Archbishopric of Cologne was one of the major ecclesiastical principalities of the Holy Roman Empire. Cologne itself became a free city in 1288, and the seat of the Archbishop was moved from Cologne Cathedral to Bonn. Its territories included a strip of territory along the Left Bank of the... Archbishop of Cologne, Jülich was destroyed in Events Births June 17 Edward I of England known as Edward Longshanks or Hammer of the Scots Deaths Emperor Go-Toba of Japan Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile - Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon... 1239. In Events May 30 - The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic. Births Deaths Categories: 1416 ... 1416, the city was granted fiscal independence by Duke Rainald of Jülich-Geldern. Following a fire in Events January 16 - Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia. January 28 - Edward VI succeeds his father Henry VIII as King of England. February 20 - Edward VI of England is crowned at Westminster Abbey March 31 - Henry II succeeds his father Francis I as King... 1547, the city was rebuilt as an ideal city in the By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance The Renaissance was a great cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. It marks the transitional period between the end of the Middle Ages and... Renaissance style under the direction of the architect Alessandro Pasqualini. The citadel of Jülich was later visited by the French military engineer Vauban designed this pentagonal fortress to withstand sieges. For the neighborhood of Freiburg, Germany, see Vauban (Freiburg). Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban (May 15, 1633 - March 30, 1707), commonly referred to as Vauban, was a Marshal of France and the foremost military engineer of his age, famed for... Sébastien le Prestre de Vauban and was rated exemplary. After the ducal family line was extinguished in Events April 4 – King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 – Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. July 6 - Bohemia is granted freedom of religion. August 25 - Galileo Galilei demonstrates his first telescope... 1609, the Duchy of Jülich was divided. The city later belonged to Pfalz-Neuburg, then the A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crowns overlordship. Germany More particularly, the Palatinate (German die Pfalz) usually refers to one of two areas in Germany, each formerly... Palatinate ( Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. February 18 - Fort St. Louis is established by a Frenchman at Frances claim to Texas. June 20 - Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son... 1685) and With an area of 70,553 km² and 12.4 million inhabitants, the Free State of Bavaria ( German Bayern or Freistaat Bayern) forms the southernmost of the 16 Bundesländer of Germany. Its capital is Munich. Geography Bavaria shares international borders with Austria and the Czech Republic. Neighbouring... Bavaria ( Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. February 18 - Fort St. Louis is established by a Frenchman at Frances claim to Texas. June 20 - Monmouth Rebellion: James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son... 1685).

From Events February 11 - 1st session of the United States Senate is open to the public. March 14 - Eli Whitney is granted a patent for the cotton gin. March 27 - The United States Government established a permanent United States Navy and authorized the building of six vessels (in 1797 the first... 1794 to 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). Events January 14 - Denmark cedes Norway to Sweden in exchange for west Pomerania, as part of the Treaty of Kiel January 29 - French army of Emperor Napoleon I wins the Battle of Brienne January 31 - Gervasio Antonio de... 1814, Jülich was part of France under the name of Juliers. The French added the Napoleonic bridge head to the fortifications. In 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). Events January 3 - Austria, Britain, and France form a secret defensive alliance treaty against Prussia and Russia. January 4 - Netherlands, Foundation of the first dutch student association, the Groninger Studenten Corps, Vindicat Atque Polit. The first rector of... 1815, Jülich became a Prussian fortification and district town. The fortification was razed in 1860 is the leap year starting on Sunday. Events March March 6 - Abraham Lincoln speaks against slavery in New Haven, Connecticut April April 3 - The Pony Express makes its first run. May May 1 - A chondrite type meteorite fell to earth in Muskingum County, Ohio near the town of New... 1860.

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Jülich destroyed

On November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published. 1384 - Hedwig is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman. 1532 - Francisco Pizarro and... 16 November 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). Events World War II January January 4 - The Battle of Monte Cassino begins. January 5 - Murder of Danish playwright Kaj Munk January 17 - British forces, in Italy, cross the Garigliano River. January 20 - The Royal Air... 1944 ( Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air. August 9, 1945 World War II was a global conflict that started in 7 July 1937 in Asia and 1 September 1939 in Europe and lasted until 1945, involving the majority of the... World War II), 97% of Jülich was destroyed during Allied bombing, since it was considered one of the main obstacles to the occupation of the Rhineland, although the city fortifications, the bridge head and the citadel had long fallen into disuse. From 1949 is a common year starting on Saturday. Events January January 4 - RMS Caronia of the Cunard Line departs Southampton for New York on her maiden voyage January 4 - February 22 - Series of winter storms in Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, Utah, Colorado and Nevada - winds of up to 72 mph... 1949 to 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 1 - End of Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine January 26 - Italy January 26 - United Kingdom bans heroin January 26 - The last Soviet troops leave the military base in... 1956, the town centre was rebuilt along the plans of the Renaissance town.

In 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. Events January January 1998 - A massive ice storm, caused by El Niño, strikes New England, southern Ontario and Quebec, resulting in widespread power failures, severe damage to... 1998, the state garden fair took place in Jülich. This made the extensive restoration of the bridge head fortifications and the establishment of a large leisure park, the bridge head park, possible.

Today, Jülich is mainly known for its world-famous research centre (established in 1956 is a leap year starting on Sunday. (see link for calendar) Events January January 1 - End of Egyptian Condominium in Sudan. January 16 - President Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine January 26 - Italy January 26 - United Kingdom bans heroin January 26 - The last Soviet troops leave the military base in... 1956) and its university (established in 1970 was a common year starting on Thursday. Events January-February January 1 - Construction begins on Arcosanti, by Paolo Soleri, in Mayer, Arizona, located 65, miles north of Phoenix, Arizona. January 1 - Unix epoch at 00:00:00 UTC. January 12 - Biafra capitulates, ending the Nigerian civil war. January 15... 1970). The town's landmark is the Witchtower.

Population history

Population growth of Jülich since 1800

Town twinnings

Since 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 1 - Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland is dissolved. January 3 - Senator Barry Goldwater announces that he will seek the Republican nomination for President. January 5 - In the first meeting between leaders of the... 1964, Jülich is twinned with the French town of Haubourdin in the Nord (French, the north) is a département in the north of France. History Nord comprises the French part of former Flanders, excluding the western part separated in 1237 as the county of Artois (now a part of the neighbouring Pas-de-Calais). This territory had been ruled by... Nord département.

Transportation

• A4 (Düren / Jülich Interchange)
• A44
  • (Jülich Ost (East)/ Mersch Interchange)
  • (Jülich West (West)/ Koslar Interchange)
• Rurtalbahn, literally the Rur (no relation with the Categories: Germany geography stubs | German rivers ... Ruhr river) Valley Rail (Linnich - Jülich - Düren - Heimbach)

Other

Jülich has a school, middle schools, high schools/gymnasiums, a post office, banks, and squares.

Culture and landmarks

Museums

• Historical Town Museum (Website (http://www.juelich.de/museum/))

Buildings

Hexenturm, Jülich

Particularly notable:

• the Witchtower (Hexenturm)
• the Citadel
• the Napoleonic bridge head
• the church of St. Mariä Himmelfahrt
• the Aachener Tor (lit. Aachen Gate)
• aerial towers of shortwave broadcasting facility

Shortwave broadcasting facility

In 1956 established the WDR established on Mer height the first short wave transmitter. In the subsequent years this plant was expanded much. On September 1st, 1961 this plant was handed over to the German Federal Post at establishing the German foreign broadcasting service, "Deutsche Welle". In the course of the time 10 transmitters with outputs were installed of 100 kilowatts, whereby as transmitting antennas enormous dipole arrays between free standing steel framework towers were installed. Today these transmitters are rented to the predominant part to non-German broadcasting organisations. In the 90's on the area of the shortwave transmission facility also a transmitting plant for medium wave was installed, using a long wire antenna which is spun at a tower on the transmitter site. It should be used for transmitting of the program of radio Viva on 702 kHz, but it went never into regular service.

Miscellaneous

The reliquaries of Christina von Stommeln.

People

• Alessandro Pasqualini

Famous citizens

• Johann Wiklehm Schirmer ( 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). Events February - Napoleon attacks Russia February 6 - Naval Engagement February 8 - Battle of Eylau - Napoleon defeats Russians under General Benigssen February 19 - In Alabama, Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr is arrested for treason. March... 1807 - 1863 is a common year starting on Thursday. Events January January 1 - Abraham Lincoln delivers the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War. January 1 - The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska January 8 - Ground is broken in Sacramento... 1863)
• Antonius Fischer
• Siegfried J. Schmidt now ( 1940 was a leap year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January-February January 5 - FM radio is demonstrated to the FCC for the first time. January 6 - World War II: Mass execution of Poles, committed by Germans in the Poznan, Warthegau. January 12 - World War... 1940-)
• Joseph Kuhl

Literature

• Guido von Büren (Hrsg.): Jülich Stadt - Territorium - Geschichte, Map of Germany showing Cleves Cleves (in German Kleve, sometimes used in English as well; Dutch: Kleef) is a city in the north-west of North Rhine-Westphalia in Germany, near the Dutch border and the river Rhine, at 51° 47 North 6° 11 East. Population: 49,398 (2002), Area... Kleve 2000, ISBN 3-933696-10-7
• Ulrich Coenen: Von Juliacum bis Jülich. Die Baugeschichte der Stadt und ihrer Vororte von der Antike bis zu Gegenwart, 2. Aufl., Map of Germany showing Aachen Aachen is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, on the border with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km to the west of Cologne, and the westernmost city in Germany, at 50°46 N, 6°6 E. Population: 256,605 (2003). The RWTH Aachen University... Aachen 1989. ISBN 3-925714-17-0
• Ulrich Coenen: Stadt Jülich = Rheinische Kunststätten, Heft 368, Neuss 1991. ISBN 3-88094-696-5
• Conrad Doose/Siegfried Peters: Renaissancefestung Jülich, 1998, ISBN 3-87227-058-3
• Ulrich Eckardt/Wolfgang Hommel/Werner Katscher: Flug über Jülich, 2003, ISBN 3-87227-076-1
• Wolfgang Hommel: Stadtführer Jülich, 1998, ISBN 3-87227-065-6
• Wolfgang Hommel: Jülich im Aufbruch - Landesgartenschau und Stadtentwicklungsprogramm Jülich '98, 1998, ISBN 3-87227-098-2
• Dr. Erwin Fuchs/Wolfgang Hommel: Die Jülicher und ihre Wurzeln, 1997, ISBN 3-87227-063-X
• Eva Behrens-Hommel: Sagen und Überlieferungen des Jülicher Landes, 1996, ISBN 3-87227-061-3
• Eva Behrens-Hommel: Mundartsammlung des Jülicher Landes, 1997, ISBN 3-87227-062-1
• Hartwig Neumann: Stadt und Festung Jülich auf bildlichen Darstellungen, Bonn 1991. ISBN 3-7637-5863-1
• Gabriele Spelthahn: An der Synagoge - Jülich und der Holocaust, 1997, ISBN 3-930808-08-0

External links

• http://www.juelich.de/
• http://www.fz-juelich.de/ - The research centre
• http://www.kuba-juelich.de/ - The culture and leisure centre
• http://www.brueckenkopf-park.de/ - The former state garden fair
• http://www.juelich.de/www-juelich/ - The web directory of Jülich