JOVIAL is a high-order computer programming language similar to ALGOL, but specialized for the development of embedded systems. For other uses, see Jovial. ... A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming. ... This article is about the computer programming paradigm. ... In computer science, imperative programming, as opposed to declarative programming, is a programming paradigm that describes computation in terms of a program state and statements that change the program state. ... Structured programming can be seen as a subset or subdiscipline of procedural programming, one of the major programming paradigms. ... System Development Corporation, based in Los Angeles, California, was spun off from RAND Corporation in 1957. ... It has been suggested that ALGOL object code be merged into this article or section. ... SAGE Sector Control Room. ... CORAL (Computing Online Realtime Algorithmic Language) was developed in 1966 at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE), Malvern, UK by I. F. Currie and M. Griffiths. ... An operating system (OS) is a software that manages computer resources and provides programmers with an interface used to access those resources. ... This article is about the machine. ... A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ... It has been suggested that ALGOL object code be merged into this article or section. ... A router, an example of an embedded system. ...

JOVIAL stands for "Jules Own Version of the International Algorithmic Language." The "International Algorithmic Language" part of the name is from ALGOL, which was originally going to be called that (or IAL for short). It was developed to write software for the electronics of military aircraft by Jules Schwartz in 1959. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the U.S. Air Force adopted a standardized CPU, the 1750A, and nowadays JOVIAL normally produces programs for that processor. JOVIAL was standardized in 1973 with MIL-STD-1589 and was revised in 1984 with MIL-STD-1589C. It is still widely used to update and maintain software on older military vehicles and aircraft. There are three dialects in common use: J3, J3B-2, and J73. CPU redirects here. ... MIL-STD-1750A or 1750A is the formal definition of a 16-bit computer Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), including both required and optional components, as described by the military standard document MIL-STD-1750A (1980). ...

As of 2006, JOVIAL is still actively maintained and distributed by the USAF JOVIAL Integrated Tool Set (ITS) Program Office, and a commercially supported JOVIAL Compiler System is available from DDC-I. The program office helps organizations reuse their old, reliable JOVIAL software by rehosting and retargeting the software to newer, more modern computer platforms and environments. The Jovial Program Office (JPO) is still active, as of 2007. JOVIAL rehosting and retargeting is currently done by Software Engineering Associates, Inc. (SEA), Semantic Designs, Inc., and DDC-I. 2006 is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The current standard package (the "integrated tool set" or ITS) contains a compiler, a MIL-STD-1750A assembler, linker, and simulator/debugger. It is available hosted from (runs on) either a DEC VAX, Sun SPARC, or a PC running DOS or Windows. Versions are also available that target (produce executable code for) the Intel 80386 (and derivatives), MIPS R4000, AP-101, Zilog Z8002, and Motorola 68000 processors. MIL-STD-1750A or 1750A is the formal definition of a 16-bit computer Instruction Set Architecture (ISA), including both required and optional components, as described by the military standard document MIL-STD-1750A (1980). ... Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ... VAX is a 32-bit computing architecture that supports an orthogonal instruction set (machine language) and virtual addressing (i. ... Sun Microsystems, Inc. ... Sun UltraSPARC II Microprocessor Sun UltraSPARC T1 (Niagara 8 Core) SPARC (Scalable Processor Architecture) is a RISC microprocessor instruction set architecture originally designed in 1985 by Sun Microsystems. ... IBM PC (IBM 5150) with keyboard and green screen monochrome monitor (IBM 5151), running MS-DOS 5. ... 386 DX redirects here. ... A MIPS R4400 microprocessor made by Toshiba. ... The IBM AP-101 is an avionics computer, used most notably in the U.S. Space Shuttle, but also in the B-52 and F-15, among others. ... The Z8000 was a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by ZiLOG in 1979. ... The Motorola 68000 is a 16/32-Bit [1] CISC microprocessor core designed and marketed by Freescale Semiconductor (formerly Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector). ...

Notable systems using JOVIAL include the Milstar Communications Satellite, Advanced Cruise Missile, B-52, B-2 bombers, C-130, C-141, and C-17 transport aircraft, F-15, F-16 (prior to Block 50), and F-117 fighter aircraft, LANTIRN, U-2 aircraft, E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft, Special Operations Forces, Navy Aegis cruisers, Army Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), Army UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters, F100, F117, F119 jet engines, the NORAD air defense & control system (Hughes HME-5118ME system) and RL-10 rocket engines. Airborne radar systems with embedded JOVIAL software include the APG-70, APG-71 and APG-73^[1]. MILSTAR satellite. ... “ACM” redirects here. ... B-52 redirects here. ... The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit is a multi-role stealth heavy bomber, capable of deploying both conventional and nuclear weapons. ... The Lockheed C-130 Hercules is a four-engine turboprop cargo aircraft and the main tactical airlifter for many military forces worldwide. ... C-141 Starlifter A C-141 Starlifter leaves a vapor trail over Antarctica // The Lockheed C-141 Starlifter is a military strategic airlifter in service with the United States Air Force. ... For other aircraft with this designation, see C-17. ... A cargo aircraft, also alternately known as a transport aircraft, is an aircraft dedicated to handling transport of materials and oversized loads. ... F-15 redirects here. ... The Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon is an American multirole jet fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force. ... This article is about the stealth fighter. ... An artists concept of a Low Altitude Navigation Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) scenario for attacking an armored column, 1982. ... The Lockheed U-2, nicknamed Dragon Lady, is a single-engine, high-altitude aircraft flown by the United States Air Force and previously flown by the Central Intelligence Agency. ... The Boeing E-3 Sentry is an American military airborne warning and control system (AWACS) aircraft that provides all-weather surveillance, command, control and communications, to the United States, United Kingdom, France, Saudi Arabia, and NATO air defense forces. ... US Air Force E-3 Sentry AWACS aircraft is prepared for flight in November 1997 Cockpit of RAF E-3 Sentry undergoing upgrades Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) is a radar-based electronic system designed to carry out airborne surveillance, and C3 (command, control and communications) functions for both... USS Lake Champlain, a Ticonderoga-class Aegis guided missile cruiser, launched in 1987 The Aegis combat system is an integrated missile guidance system used by the United States Navy. ... A Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) is a form of rocket artillery that can be reused. ... For other uses of Blackhawk/Black Hawk, see Black Hawk. ... The F100 is an afterburning turbofan engine manufactured by Pratt & Whitney which powers the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Falcon. ... This article is about the stealth fighter. ... The Pratt & Whitney F119-PW-100 with integrated vectorable thrust nozzles. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... NORAD is short for: North American Aerospace Defense Command Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... RL-10 Rocket Engine Specifications. ... For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ... Tactical information display (TID) of radar data in the rear seat of an F-14A. The AN/AWG-9 and AN/APG-71 radars are all-weather multimode radar systems designed by Hughes Aircraft (now Raytheon) for the U.S. Navys F-14 Tomcat fleet defense fighter. ... The AN/APG-65, AN/APG-73, and AN/APG-79 radars are a family of highly reliable, all-weather multimode airborn radar systems designed by Hughes Aircraft (now Raytheon) for the F/A-18 Hornet. ...

The National Airspace System (NAS), the flight data processing program at the heart of the US and UK Air Traffic Control System, uses JOVIAL. The National Airspace System (NAS) is the most complex aviation system in the world — consisting of thousands of people, procedures, facilities, and pieces of equipment — that enables safe and expeditious air travel in the United States and over large portions of the worlds oceans. ...

External links

• JOVIAL at HOPL "History of Programming Languages"
• Page from the JOVIAL Support Office
• Page on Jules Schwartz, including film of a humorous talk on the development of JOVIAL
• DODSSP U.S. Department of Defense Single Stock Point for Military Specifications, Standards and Related Publications
• USAF JOVIAL Program Office