Jack Lang
23rd Premier of New South Wales
In office 17 June 1925 – 18 October 1927
Preceded by	George Fuller
Succeeded by	Thomas Bavin
Constituency	Granville
In office 4 November 1930 – 13 May 1932
Preceded by	Thomas Bavin
Succeeded by	Bertram Stevens
Born	21 December 1876 Sydney, New South Wales
Nationality	Australian
Political party	Australian Labor Party

John Thomas Lang (21 December 1876 - 27 September 1975), Australian politician, usually referred to as J.T. Lang during his career, familiarly known as "Jack" and nicknamed "The Big Fella," was Premier of New South Wales for two terms (1925-27, 1930-32). He is the only Premier of an Australian state to have been dismissed by the state Governor. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (994x1359, 1057 KB) Summary This image shows a photograph of Jack Lang, taken in the 1930s. ... List of Premiers of New South Wales Before the 1890s there was no formal party system in New South Wales. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year (169th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in leap years). ... 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar). ... Portrait of Fuller taken circa 1910-1913. ... Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin (born Kaiapoi, New Zealand May 5, 1874; died Bellevue Hill, August 31, 1941) was the Nationalist Premier of New South Wales from October 18, 1927 to November 4, 1930. ... Granville is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... November 4 is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin (born Kaiapoi, New Zealand May 5, 1874; died Bellevue Hill, August 31, 1941) was the Nationalist Premier of New South Wales from October 18, 1927 to November 4, 1930. ... Sir Bertram Sydney Barnsdale Stevens (born Redfern, January 2, 1889; died Concord West, March 24, 1973) was the UAP Premier of New South Wales May 16, 1932 - August 5, 1939. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 within the city centre. ... Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 50  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $305,437 (1st)  - Product per capita  $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006)  - Population  6,817,100 (1st)  - Density  8. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_South_Wales. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... List of Premiers of New South Wales Before the 1890s there was no formal party system in New South Wales. ... The Premiers of the Australian states are the heads of the executive governments in the six states of the Commonwealth of Australia. ... the flag of the Governor of New South Wales The Governor of New South Wales is the representative in the Australian state of New South Wales of Australias head of state, Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. ...

Lang was born into an impoverished family in the slums of Sydney. He was born in Brickfield Hill, now part of the Surry Hills area. His father, James Henry Lang, a watchmaker and jeweller, was chronically ill and often unable to work. His mother was Mary Whelan. While still of primary school age at St. Francis Marist Brothers' School, Brickfield Hill, he sold newspapers on the streets of downtown Sydney to help support his family, and received a minimal education. The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of over 4,200,000 people, and 151,920 within the city centre. ... Brickfield Hill is a small hill in inner city Sydney, Australia. ... The clock tower of Central railway station on the western edge of Surry Hills Surry Hills is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, Australia. ... Logo of the Marist Brothers. ...

Early career

During the banking crash of the 1890s which devastated Australia, Lang became interested in politics, frequenting radical bookshops and helping print newspapers and publications for the infant Labor Party, which contested its first election in New South Wales in 1891. He then did odd jobs in the agricultural districts near Parramatta, driving a horse bus and hiring out on poultry farms. He soon moved back to Sydney with his parents, where at the age of 19 he married Hilda Bredt, the 17-year-old daughter of prominent feminist and socialist Bertha Bredt. Hilda's sister, also named Bertha, was married to the author and poet Henry Lawson. The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation  - House seats 50  - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05)  - Product ($m)  $305,437 (1st)  - Product per capita  $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006)  - Population  6,817,100 (1st)  - Density  8. ... Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Parramatta is a city, suburb and Local Government Area in Sydney, Australia, 25 kilometres west of the central business district (CBD) in Western Sydney. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Bertha McNamara (Bertha Bredt Sr; née Matilda Emilie Bertha Kalkstein; September 28, 1853 - August 1, 1931), was a Sydney-based Australian socialist agitator, feminist, pamphleteer, bookseller, and mother-in-law of Australian writer Henry Lawson. ... Henry Lawson, circa 1902 Henry Lawson (17 June 1867 - 2 September 1922) was an Australian writer and poet. ...

Lang then became a junior office assistant for an accounting practice, where his shrewdness and intelligence saw his career advance. Around 1900 he became the manager of a real estate firm in the then semi-rural suburb of Auburn. He was so successful in this job that he soon set up his own real estate business in an area very much in demand by working-class families looking to escape the squalor and overcrowding of the inner-city slums. Year 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Auburn is a suburb in the Local Government Area of Auburn Council in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, about 15 kilometres west of the Sydney central business district. ...

Lang continued in his political pursuits, soon becoming an Alderman on Auburn Municipal Council and eventually mayor. He was elected as a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly in 1913 for the electorate of Granville, serving as a backbencher in the Labor Party government led by William Holman. His financial skills led him to become Treasurer in Premier Storey's Labor Government from 1920 to 1922. Due to the post-World War I financial recession the state's accounts were in a persistent deficit, and Lang managed to cut this deficit significantly. From 1920 to 1927, he was a member for the multi-member seat of Parramatta. An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions. ... The Legislative Assembly, or lower house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Granville is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... William Arthur Holman (Born Clapham, London August 4, 1871; Died Gordon, June 6, 1934) was an Australian Labor Party Premier of New South Wales, Australia, who split with the party on the conscription issue in 1916 during World War 1, and immediately became Premier of a conservative Nationalist Party Government. ... In many governments, a treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury. ... John Storey (Born Jervis Bay, May 15, 1869; Died Sydney October 5, 1921. ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... “The Great War ” redirects here. ... Parramatta is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ...

After the Australian Labor Party (ALP) lost government in 1922, Lang was elected as Opposition Leader in 1923 by his fellow Labor Party MPs. He led the ALP to victory in the 1925 NSW general election and became Premier. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party not in government in a Westminster System of parliamentary government. ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The three letter acronym MPS can refer to: Mail Preference Service, a list of people who do not want to get direct mail Marginal propensity to save, the rate at which a population saves money Masters of Professional Studies, a terminal Masters degree Media Processing Server, a Nortel self service... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Lang's first term

During his first term as Premier Lang carried out many reforms and social programmes, including state pensions for widowed mothers with dependent children under fourteen, a universal and mandatory system of workers' compensation for death, illness and injury incurred on the job, funded by compulsory premiums levied on employers, the abolition of student fees in state-run high schools and improvements to various welfare schemes such as child endowment. His government also carried out improvements to major roads, including the paving of much of the Hume Highway and the Great Western Highway. The Hume is National 31 from Sydney to Albury . ... The Great Western Highway is a highway in New South Wales, Australia. ...

Lang also restored the seniority and conditions to New South Wales Government Railways and New South Wales Government Tramways workers who had been sacked or demoted after the General Strike of 1917, including Ben Chifley. After much discussion in the young colony of New South Wales, the Sydney Railway Company was incorporated on 10 October 1849 with the aim of building a railway from Sydney to Parramatta. ... A tram system, tramway, or street railway is a railway on which trams (streetcars, trolleys) run. ... A general strike is a strike action by an entire labour force in a city, region or country. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... Joseph Benedict Chifley (22 September 1885 – 13 June 1951), Australian politician and 16th Prime Minister of Australia, was one of Australias most influential Prime Ministers. ...

In the area of political reform, Lang established universal suffrage in local government elections - previously only those who owned real estate in a city, municipality or shire could vote in that area's local council elections. But his attempts to abolish the appointive upper house of the NSW Parliament, the Legislative Council, were unsuccessful. Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ... Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state or province. ... An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ... The Legislative Council, or upper house, is one of the two chambers of the parliament of New South Wales in Australia. ...

After Labor's defeat at the 1927 election, Lang was Opposition Leader again from 1927 to October 1930. He was a member for Auburn from 1927 to 1946. In this period the Great Depression had begun in earnest with devastating effects on the welfare and security of Australia. 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar). ... The Leader of the Opposition is a title traditionally held by the leader of the largest party not in government in a Westminster System of parliamentary government. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Auburn is an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales. ... The Great Depression was a time of economic down turn, which started after the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, known as Black Tuesday. ...

Lang's second term

In 1930, more than one in five adult males in New South Wales was without a job. Australian governments responded to the Depression with measures that made circumstances even worse - cuts to government spending, civil service salaries and public works cancellations. Lang vigorously opposed these measures and was elected in a landslide in October 1930.

As Premier, Lang refused to cut government salaries and spending, a stand which was popular but which made the state's fiscal position even more parlous. He passed laws restricting the rights of landlords to evict defaulting tenants, and insisted on paying the legal minimum wage to all workers on relief projects. The minimum wage is the minimum rate a worker can legally be paid (usually per hour) as opposed to wages that are determined by the forces of supply and demand in a free market. ...

Lang was a powerful orator, and during the crisis years of the Depression he addressed huge crowds in Sydney and other centres, promoting his populist program and denouncing his opponents and the wealthy in extravagant terms. His followers promoted the slogans "Lang is Right" and "Lang is Greater than Lenin." But Lang was not a revolutionary or even a socialist, and he loathed the Communist Party, which in turn denounced him as a fascist - a view held by some others then and since. The Communist Party of Australia was founded in 1920 and dissolved in 1991. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ...

On 19 March 1932 Lang opened the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Lang caused some controversy when he insisted on officially opening the bridge himself, rather than allowing the Governor, the King's representative in NSW, to do so. Just as Lang was about to cut the ribbon to open the Harbour Bridge, Captain Francis de Groot, a member of the extreme right wing New Guard movement, galloped up to the ribbon and slashed it with a sabre. The New Guard also planned to kidnap Lang, and plotted a coup against him during the crisis that brought Lang's premiership to an end. March 19 is the 78th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (79th in leap years). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. ... List of Governors of New South Wales See Governors of the Australian states for a description and history of the office of Governor. ... Colonel Francis Edward de Groot (24 October 1888 - 1 April 1969) holds a notorious place in Australian history for his high-profile upstaging of New South Wales Premier Jack Lang at the official opening of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. ... The New Guard was a paramilitary Fascist organisation that existed in Australia in the 1930s. ...

The crisis of 1931-32

Early in 1931 Jack Lang released his own plan to combat the Depression; this became known as "the Lang Plan". This was in contrast to the "Melbourne Agreement" which all other State Governments and the Federal Government had agreed to in 1930. Key points of the Lang Plan included the reduction of interest owed by Australian Governments on debts within Australia to 3%, the cancellation of interest payments to overseas bondholders and financiers on government borrowings, the injection of more funds into the nation's money supply as central bank credit for the revitalisation of industry and commerce, and the abolition of the Gold Standard, to be replaced by a "Goods Standard," whereby the amount of currency in circulation would be fixed to the amount of goods produced within the Australian economy. The banks had indicated that if he paid the interest they would advance him an additional amount which was greater than the interest, thus giving him a positive cash flow. The gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic measure of value is gold, and the currencies which are used as units of account are specified as a weight of gold, ideally fixed and not subject to change, and where all currency issuance is to one degree...

Lang was violently opposed to the Premiers' Plan agreed to by the federal Labor government of James Scullin and all the other premiers, which called for even more stringent cuts to government spending to balance the budget. In October 1931 Lang's followers in the federal House of Representatives crossed the floor to vote with the conservative United Australia Party and bring down the Scullin government. This action split the NSW Labor Party in two - Lang's followers became known as Lang Labor, while Scullin's supporters, led by Chifley, became known in NSW as Federal Labor. Most of the party's branches and affiliated trade unions supported Lang. James Henry Scullin (September 18, 1876–January 28, 1953), Australian politician and ninth Prime Minister of Australia, was born in the small town of Trawalla, in western Victoria, the son of a railway worker of Irish Catholic descent. ... The United Australia Party or UAP was an Australian political party that was the political successor to the Nationalist Party of Australia. ... Lang Labor was the name commonly used to describe two successive break-away sections of the Australian Labor Party, both led by the New South Wales Labor leader Jack Lang. ...

Since the Commonwealth Government had become responsible for state debts in 1928 under an amendment to the Constitution, the new UAP government of Joseph Lyons paid the interest to the overseas bondholders, and then set about extracting the money from NSW by passing the Financial Enforcement Act, which the High Court held to be valid. The United Australia Party or UAP was an Australian political party that was the political successor to the Nationalist Party of Australia. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 – 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ...

In response, Lang withdrew all the state's funds from government bank accounts and held them at Trades Hall in cash, so the federal government could not gain access to the money. The Governor, Sir Philip Game, a retired Royal Air Force officer, advised Lang that in his view this action was illegal, and that if Lang did not reverse it he would dismiss the government. Lang stood firm, and on 13 May 1932 the Governor withdrew Lang's commission and appointed the UAP leader, Bertram Stevens, as premier. Stevens immediately called an election, at which Labor was heavily defeated. Air Vice-Marshal Sir Philip Woolcott Game (March 30, 1876–February 4, 1961) was a British Royal Air Force commander and Governor of New South Wales, Australia. ... The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ... Sir Bertram Sydney Barnsdale Stevens (born Redfern, January 2, 1889; died Concord West, March 24, 1973) was the UAP Premier of New South Wales May 16, 1932 - August 5, 1939. ... An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ...

Gerald Stone, in his book "1932", states that there is evidence that Lang considered arresting the Governor to prevent the Governor from dismissing him. The possibility of this was sufficiently high that the armed forces of the Commonwealth, who would have come to the assistance of the Governor, were put on alert.

Later career

Lang continued to lead the Labor Opposition, although the NSW Branch of the ALP remained in secession from the rest of the party. The UAP won the elections of 1935 and 1938. After this third defeat the Federal Labor forces began to gain ground in NSW, as many union officials became convinced that Labor would never win with Lang as leader. Lang was ousted as NSW Opposition Leader in 1939 and was replaced by William McKell, who became Premier in 1941. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full year calendar). ... Sir William McKell William John McKell (26 September 1891 - 11 January 1985), twelfth Governor-General of Australia, was born in Pambula New South Wales, the son of a butcher. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ...

Lang was expelled from the ALP in 1942, and started his own parallel Labor Party, called the ALP (Non-Communist), but this time with only minority support in the NSW party and unions. He remained a member of the Legislative Assembly until 1946, when he was unexpectedly elected as the Member for Reid in the Australian House of Representatives. (He was given Liberal Party preferences and was elected on a minority vote.) In 1949 he was defeated and never held office again, despite a bid to be elected to the Senate in 1951. 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The Division of Reid is an Australian Electoral Division in the state of New South Wales. ... Australian House of Representatives chamber Entrance to the House of Representatives The Australian House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Australia. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... Australian Senate chamber Entrance to the Senate The Senate is the upper of the two houses of the Parliament of Australia. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

Lang spent his long retirement editing his newspaper The Century, and wrote several books about his political life, including The Great Bust, I Remember and The Turbulent Years. He grew increasingly conservative as he grew older, supporting the White Australia Policy after the rest of the labour movement had abandoned it. To the end of his life, he proudly proclaimed that "Lang was Right." Lang also spent time visiting Sydney schools recounting recollections of his time in office to his young audience. He was re-admitted to the Labor Party in 1971, aided by his young protege Paul Keating. The Century: Americas Time is a series of documentaries produced by the American Broadcasting Company on the 20th century and the rise of the United States as a superpower. ... This badge from 1906 shows the use of the expression White Australia at that time The White Australia policy is a generic term used to describe a collection of historical legislation and policies, intended to restrict non-white immigration to Australia, and to promote European immigration, from 1901 to 1973. ... Paul John Keating (born January 18, 1944), was an Australian politician and the 24th Prime Minister of Australia, serving as Prime Minister from 1991 to 1996. ...

Lang died in Auburn in September 1975, aged 98, and was commemorated with a packed house and overflowing crowds outside Sydney's St. Mary's Cathedral at his Requiem Mass and memorial service. His funeral was attended by prominent Labor leaders including then Prime Minister Gough Whitlam. 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... St Marys Cathedral is the largest Roman Catholic church in Australia (and reputedly the Southern Hemisphere). ... A requiem is a Roman Catholic mass performed in commemoration of the dead, also known in Latin as the Missa pro Defunctis. ... Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916), known as Gough Whitlam (, pronounced Goff), Australian politician and 21st Prime Minister of Australia. ...

Miscellaneous

Lang's family contributed greatly to the Auburn community. For some years, his granddaughters worked at the local Catholic schools including the St. John of God Girls' High School in Auburn (now part of Trinity Catholic College, Auburn).

Jack Lang was the brother-in-law of Australian author and poet Henry Lawson, by virtue of the fact that each of them married a daughter of Labor activists and booksellers Bertha Bredt and W.H.T. McNamara (who was their stepfather); Lang married Hilda Amelia Bredt on 14 March 1896, and Lawson married Hilda's elder sister Bertha Bredt junior on 15 April of the same year. Both of these marriages eventually broke down. Henry Lawson, circa 1902 Henry Lawson (17 June 1867 - 2 September 1922) was an Australian writer and poet. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ...

References

• Henry Simpson Lunn (1927) 'Round the World with a Dictaphone - A Record of Men and Movement in 1926', London: Benn
• Australian Protestant Truth Centre (1931) 'Australians Beware! Scullin - The Scapegoat, Lyons - the Jesuits' new hope, Lang - The 'General' of the Unemployed Army' Melbourne: APTC
• M. H. Ellis (1931) ‘The red road : the story of the capture of the Lang Party by Communists instructed from Moscow’ Sydney: The Sydney and Melbourne Publishing Company
• Alfred Cornwallis Paddison (1931) 'The Lang Plan: The Case for Australia', Sydney: Labor Daily Printers
• Mary Cannon (1932) 'The Dismissal of J.T. Lang' Melbourne: State Library of Victoria
• John H. C. Sleeman (1932) ’The life of J.T. Lang’, Ultimo, NSW: Sleeman
• R. Dixon (1935) ‘The story of J.T. Lang’ Sydney: Mastercraft Printing & Publishing Co.
• Will Donald (1938) 'The ABC of Jack Lang' Sydney: ALP NSW Branch
• Arthur A Calwell (1943) ‘Lang was never right’, Melbourne: Fraser & Jenkinson Pty Ltd
• Fred Saidy (1943) 'Labor and Justice' Sydney: ALP
• Jack Lang (1949) ‘I remember: autobiography’, Sydney: Invincible Press
• Bethia Foott, Philip Game and Jack Lang (1956, 1980) ‘Dismissal of a Premier: the Philip Game papers’, Sydney: Morgan
• Jack Lang (1962) 'The Great Bust - The Depression of the Thirties' Sydney: Angus & Robertson
• Jack Lang (1968) ‘The turbulent years’, Alpha Books
• Robert J Cooksey (1970) ‘Lang and socialism: a study in the great depression’, Canberra: Australian National University Press
• Miriam Dixson (1971) ‘Greater than Lenin? : Lang and Labor, 1916-1932’
• Heather Radi and Peter Spearitt (eds) (1977) 'ALP, Lang, Jackpolitics and Government', Sydney: Hale & Ironmonger
• Harry Mayfield (1984) 'Jack Lang: The Big Fella!' Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press
• John Meredith (1984) 'Learn to talk old Jack Lang: A Handbook of Australian Rhyming Slang', Kenthurst, NSW: Kangaroo Press
• Bede Nairn (1986) ‘The Big Fella : Jack Lang and the Australian Labor Party 1891-1949’, Melbourne: Melbourne University Press
• Revised 1986 Guide to the papers of Sir Philip Game and the Game Family in the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales
• Mark Latham (1988) ‘Forgotten Lang’
• Geoffrey Robinson (1992) ‘How Labor governed : social structures and the formation of public policy during the New South Wales Lang government of November 1930 to May 1932’
• Frank Cain (2005) 'Jack Lang and the Great Depression', Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Press

External links

• Australian Dictionary of Biography Online entry for Jack Lang
• Gough Whitlam at Lang's Funeral - Whitlam Institute
• National Archives of Australia Fact Sheet on Jack Lang
• NSW Parliament on the Hon. John Thomas Lang

Portrait of Fuller taken circa 1910-1913. ... List of Premiers of New South Wales Before the 1890s there was no formal party system in New South Wales. ... Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin (born Kaiapoi, New Zealand May 5, 1874; died Bellevue Hill, August 31, 1941) was the Nationalist Premier of New South Wales from October 18, 1927 to November 4, 1930. ... Sir Thomas Rainsford Bavin (born Kaiapoi, New Zealand May 5, 1874; died Bellevue Hill, August 31, 1941) was the Nationalist Premier of New South Wales from October 18, 1927 to November 4, 1930. ... Sir Bertram Sydney Barnsdale Stevens (born Redfern, January 2, 1889; died Concord West, March 24, 1973) was the UAP Premier of New South Wales May 16, 1932 - August 5, 1939. ...

Premiers of New South Wales
Donaldson | Cowper | Parker | Forster | Robertson | Martin | Parkes | Farnell | Stuart | Dibbs | Jennings | Reid | Lyne | See | Waddell | Carruthers | Wade | McGowen | Holman | Storey | Dooley | Fuller | Lang | Bavin | Stevens | Mair | McKell | McGirr | Cahill | Heffron | Renshaw | Askin | Lewis | Willis | Wran | Unsworth | Greiner | Fahey | Carr | Iemma