John Lenwood (Jackie) McLean (born May 17, 1932) is an American jazz alto saxophonist and educator, born in New York City. His father, John Sr., who died in 1939, played guitar in Tiny Bradshaw's orchestra. After his father's death, his musical education was continued by his godfather, by his stepfather, who owned a record store, and by several noted teachers. He also received informal tutoring from neighbours Thelonious Monk, Bud Powell, and Charlie Parker. During high school his friends included Sonny Rollins and Kenny Drew. May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... 1932 is a leap year starting on a Friday. ... Jazz is a musical art form characterized by blue notes, syncopation, swing, call and response, polyrhythms, and improvisation. ... A saxophonist is a musician who plays the saxophone. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, and is at the center of international finance, politics, communications, music, fashion, and culture. ... The classical guitar typically has 3 nylon and 3 nickel-wound strings. ... Myron (Tiny) Bradshaw (1905 – 1958) was an American jazz and rhythm and blues bandleader, singer, pianist, and drummer from Youngstown, Ohio. ... Thelonious Sphere Monk (October 10, 1917–February 17, 1982) was a jazz pianist and composer known for his unique improvisational style and many contributions to the standard jazz repertoire. ... Bud Powell (September 27, 1924 _ July 31, 1966) is widely regarded as one of the finest and most influential pianists in the history of jazz. ... Charlie Parker Charles Parker, Jr (August 29, 1920 – March 12, 1955) was an American jazz saxophonist and composer. ... Theodore Walter (Sonny) Rollins (born September 7, 1930 in New York City) is an American jazz tenor saxophonist. ... Kenneth Sidney (Kenny) Drew (August 28, 1928 - August 4, 1993) was an American jazz pianist from New York City. ...

He recorded with Miles Davis when he was 19 years old. As a young man he also recorded with Gene Ammons, Charles Mingus, George Wallington, and, as a member of the Jazz Messengers, with Art Blakey. His early recordings as leader were in the hard bop school. He later became an exponent of modal jazz without abandoning his foundation in hard bop. Throughout his career he has been known for his distinctive tone (often described with such adjectives as withering, piercing, or searing), his slightly sharp pitch, and a strong foundation in blues . Miles Davis (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991), one of the most influential and innovative musicians of the twentieth century, was an African-American jazz trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. ... Eugene Jug Ammons (April 14, 1925 - 1974) was an American jazz tenor saxophone player, and the son of boogie-woogie pianist Albert Ammons. ... Charles Mingus Stamp issued by the USPS on September 16, 1995. ... George Wallington (1924–1993) was a highly regarded American bop pianist and composer. ... The Jazz Messengers were a jazz ensemble founded by Art Blakey and Horace Silver in 1955. ... Arthur (Art) Blakey, also known as Abdullah Ibn Buhaina, ( October 11, 1919 - October 16, 1990) was an American jazz drummer and bandleader. ... Hard bop is an extension of bebop (bop) music which incorporates influences from rhythm and blues, gospel music, and blues, especially in the saxophone and piano playing. ... Modal jazz is jazz played using musical modes rather than chord progressions. ... In music, pitch is the perception of the frequency of a note. ... For the emotional state, see Depression (mood). ...

McLean was a heroin addict throughout his early career, and the resulting loss of his New York City cabaret licence forced him to undertake a large number of recording dates; consequently he produced a large body of recorded work in the 1950s and 60s. He was under contract with Blue Note Records from 1959 to 1967. Blue Note offered better pay and more artistic control than other labels, and his work for Blue Note is highly regarded. Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the United States, and is at the center of international finance, politics, communications, music, fashion, and culture. ... Millennia: 1st millennium - 2nd millennium - 3rd millennium // Events and trends The 1950s in Western society was marked with a sharp rise in the economy for the first time in almost 30 years and return to the 1920s-type consumer society built on credit and boom-times, as well as the... This article provides extensive lists of events and significant personalities of the 1960s. ... Blue Note Records is a jazz record label, established in 1939 by Alfred Lion and Francis Wolff. ...

In 1962 he recorded Let Freedom Ring for Blue Note. This album was the culmination of attempts he had made over the years to deal with harmonic problems in jazz, especially in soloing on his piece "Quadrangle." (*"Quadrangle" appears on BST 4051, "Jackie's Bag", recorded in 1959). Let Freedom Ring began a period in which he performed with avant-garde musicians rather than the veteran hard bop performers he had been performing with. His recordings from 1962 on, in which he adapted modal and free jazz to hard bop, made his body of work distinctive. Free jazz, or avant-garde jazz, is a movement of jazz music characterized by diminished dependence on formal constraints. ...

In 1964, he served six months in prison on drug charges. The period immediately after his release from prison is known as his acid period because the three albums he released during it were much harsher in tone than his previous albums.

In 1967 his recording contract, like the contracts of many other progressive musicians, was terminated by Blue Note's new management. His opportunities to record promised so little pay that he abandoned recording as a way to earn a living, concentrating instead on touring. In 1968 he began teaching at The Hartt School of the University of Hartford. He later set up the university's African American Music Department (now the Jackie McLean Institute of Jazz, of which he remains artistic director) and its Jazz Studies degree program. The Hartt School of Hartford, Connecticut, founded in 1920 by Julius Hartt, Moshe Paranov, and others, provides postsecondary programs in music, dance, and theater. ... University of Hartford is a private four-year university in suburban West Hartford, Connecticut. ...

In 1970 he and his wife Dollie founded the Artists' Collective, Inc. of Hartford, an organization dedicated to preserving the art and culture of the African Diaspora. It provides educational programs and instruction in dance, theatre, music and visual arts.

His son René is a jazz saxophonist and flautist as well as a jazz educator. René McLean is a jazz saxophonist and flutist. ...

Selected recordings

• Swing, Swang, Swingin' (1959)
• New Soil (1959)
• Bluesnik (1961)
• Jackie's Bag (1961)
• Let Freedom Ring (1962)
• One Step Beyond (1963)
• Destination...Out! (1963)
• Vertigo (1963)
• Jacknife (sic) (1965)
• Ode to Super (1973)
• Dr. Jackle (1979; recorded in 1966)
• Contour (1980)
• Dynasty (1990)
• Nature Boy (2000)

Sidemen

As a leader McLean has recorded with:

• Carl Allen
• Gary Bartz
• James Benjamin
• Walter Bishop, Jr.
• Donald Byrd
• Tina Brooks
• Michael Carvin
• Paul Chambers
• Sonny Clark
• Thomas Clausen
• Ornette Coleman (Coleman played trumpet)
• Bob Cranshaw
• Steve Davis
• Walter Davis, Jr.
• Jack DeJohnette
• Kenny Dorham
• Ray Draper
• Kenny Drew
• Curtis Fuller
• Hotep Idris Galeta
• Red Garland
• Jimmy Garrison
• Billy Gault
• Gil Goggins
• Dexter Gordon
• Herbie Hancock
• Bill Hardman
• Louis Hayes
• Roy Haynes
• Billy Higgins
• Scotty Holt
• Elmo Hope
• Freddie Hubbard
• Bobby Hutcherson
• Clifford Jarvis
• LaMont Johnson
• Philly Joe Jones
• Pete La Roca (Pete Sims)
• Herbie Lewis
• John Meyers
• Cecil McBee
• René McLean
• Blue Mitchell
• Hank Mobley
• Grachan Moncur III
• Lee Morgan
• Lewis Nash
• Junko Onishi
• Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen
• Art Phipps
• Nat Reeves
• Larry Ridley
• Alex Riel
• Larry Ritchie
• Bill Salter
• Woody Shaw
• Billy Skinner
• Bo Stief
• Art Taylor
• Charles Tolliver
• Ronald Tucker
• Tommy Turrentine
• Mal Waldron
• Cedar Walton
• Butch Warren
• Doug Watkins
• David Williams
• Tony Williams
• Larry Willis
• Webster Young

Carl Allen (born 1961) is an American jazz drummer. ... -1... Walter Bishop, Jr. ... Donaldson Toussaint LOuverture Byrd II (born December 9, 1932) is an American jazz and rhythm and blues trumpeter, born in Detroit, Michigan. ... Harold Floyd (Tina) Brooks (1932–1974) was an American hard bop tenor saxophonist. ... Michael Carvin (1944 – ) is an American jazz drummer. ... Paul Laurence Dunbar Chambers, Jr. ... Born in Herminie, Pennsylvania, Conrad Yeatis (Sonny) Clark (July 21, 1931- January 13, 1963) was an American hard bop pianist. ... Thomas Clausen (born in 1949) is a Danish jazz pianist. ... Ornette Coleman (born March 19, 1930) was one of the major innovators of the free jazz movement of the 1960s, and one of the more notable figures in jazz history. ... Trumpeter performing with the United States Air Forces in Europe Band The trumpet is the highest brass instrument in register, above the tuba, euphonium, trombone, sousaphone, and french horn. ... Bob Cranshaw (born in 1932) is an American jazz bassist. ... Steve Davis (born in 1967) is an American jazz trombonist who plays hard bop, post-bop, and standards. ... Walter Davis, Jr. ... Jack DeJohnette (born 1942) is a drummer and pianist, recognized as one of the foremost jazz musicians since the 1960s. ... McKinley Howard (Kenny) Dorham (August 30, 1924 - December 5, 1972) was an American jazz trumpeter, singer, and composer. ... Raymond Allen Draper (1940–1982) was an American hard bop tuba player. ... Kenneth Sidney (Kenny) Drew (August 28, 1928 - August 4, 1993) was an American jazz pianist from New York City. ... Hotep Idris Galeta (born in 1941) is a South African jazz pianist and educator. ... William Red Garland (1923–1984) was an American jazz pianist whose complex block-chord style influenced many forthcoming pianists in the jazz idiom. ... Jimmy Garrison (1934–1976) was an American jazz double bassist best known for his long association with John Coltrane. ... Dexter Gordon Dexter Gordon (February 27, 1923 - April 25, 1990) was an American tenor saxophone musician. ... Herbie Hancock Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is a jazz pianist and composer from Chicago, Illinois, USA. Hancock is one of jazz musics most important and influential pianists and composers. ... William Franklin Hardman, Jr. ... Roy Owen Haynes (born Boston, Massachusetts, March 13, 1925) is one of the most recorded drummers in jazz. ... Billy Higgins (October 11, 1936–May 3, 2001) was an American jazz drummer. ... Scotty Holt is an American jazz bassist. ... Elmo Sylvester Hope (1923–1967) was an American jazz pianist, performing chiefly in the bop and hard bop genres. ... Frederick Dewayne Hubbard (born on April 7, 1938, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA) is an African American jazz trumpeter. ... Bobby Hutcherson (born 1941) is a jazz vibraphone and marimba player. ... Clifford Jarvis (1941–1999) was an American hard bop and free jazz drummer. ... LaMont Johnson (born in 1941) is an American jazz pianist who has played in the hard bop and post-bop genres. ... Joseph Rudolph (Philly Joe) Jones (July 15, 1923 – August 30, 1985) was an American jazz drummer. ... Peter Sims (born in 1938) is an American jazz drummer who performed for much of his career under the name Pete La Roca. ... Herbie Lewis (born in 1941) is an American hard bop bassist. ... Cecil McBee (born May 19, 1935) is an American post-bop jazz bassist. ... René McLean is a jazz saxophonist and flutist. ... Richard Allen (Blue) Mitchell (March 13, 1930 – May 21, 1979) was an American jazz, rhythm and blues, soul, rock, and funk trumpeter. ... Henry (Hank) Mobley (July 7, 1930 - May 30, 1986) was an American hard bop and soul jazz tenor saxophonist. ... Grachan Moncur III (born in 1937) is an American jazz trombonist. ... Lee Morgan (July 10, 1938 - February 19, 1972) was a hard bop trumpeter who by the age of 18 was already leading accomplished musicians on albums such as Presenting Lee Morgan and The Cooker. ... Lewis Nash (born in 1958) is an American jazz drummer who has played in the hard bop and post-bop genres. ... Junko Onishi (born in 1967) is a Japanese jazz pianist; she plays in the post-bop genre. ... Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen (May 27, 1946 – April 19, 2005) was a Danish jazz bassist known for his impressive technique and an approach that could be considered an extension of the innovative work of Scott LaFaro. ... Art Phipps is a jazz bassist. ... Nat Reeves is an American jazz bassist. ... Larry Ridley (born in 1937) is an American jazz bassist and music educator. ... Alex Riel, (September 9, 1940), is a Danish jazz and rock drummer. ... Larry Ritchie is a jazz drummer and record/CD producer. ... Woody Herman Shaw II (1944–1989) was an American trumpeter and flugelhorn player. ... Bo Stief (born in 1946) is a Danish jazz and rock bassist, composer, and arranger. ... Arthur S. Taylor, Jr. ... Charles Tolliver is an American jazz trumpeter and composer. ... Thomas Walter Turrentine, Jr. ... Malcolm Earl Waldron (August 16, 1926 - December 2, 2002) was an American jazz and world music pianist and composer. ... Cedar Anthony Walton, Junior (born in 1934) is an American hard bop pianist. ... Butch Warren (born in 1939) is an American jazz bassist who plays in the hard bop genre. ... Douglas Watkins (1934 – 1962) was an American hard bop bassist. ... David Williams is an American jazz bassist. ... Tony Williams (December 12, 1945 - February 23, 1997) was an American jazz drummer. ... Lawrence Elliott Willis (born in 1940) is an American jazz pianist and composer. ... Webster English Young (December 3, 1932 – December 13, 2003) was an American jazz trumpeter and cornetist. ...

External link

• Jackie McLean on the Hard Bop Home Page

Sources

• A. B. Spellman, Four Jazz Lives (originally Four Lives in the Bebop Business). University of Michigan Press
• All Music Guide
• MusicWeb
• NEA Jazz Masters