Jacob Amman (Jakob Ammann) was born circa 1644 in Erlenbach im Simmental, Switzerland, but later moved to Alsace as part of a wave of Anabaptist emigration from out of the Canton of Berne. His exact date of birth is unknown. Some believe he is the Jakob Ammann who was born on 12 February 1644, to Michael and Anna Rupp Ammann of Erlenbach. Ammann lived in the region of Ste. Marie-aux-Mines, Upper Alsace, in 1696. On February 27 of that year, he signed a petition against compulsory military service. He was probably leader of that congregation until his death. Ammann's date of death is also unknown, though records indicate it occurred after 1708 and before 1730. Ammann's name is found on a 1708 list that Mennonites were required to sign by Alsace authorities. An Erlenbach record of his daughter's baptism in 1730 mentions that he had died prior to the event. // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... Capital Strasbourg Land area¹ 8,280 km² Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Population  - Jan. ... Anabaptists (Greek ana+baptizo re-baptizers, German: Wiedertäufer) are Christians of the so-called radical wing of the Protestant Reformation. ... Location within Switzerland The city of Berne (Bernese German Bärn , German Bern , French Berne , Italian Berna , Romansh Berna , from the Celtic Berna Gap, referring to the geology of where the city is situated), is the Bundesstadt (administrative capital) of Switzerland, and is the fourth most populous Swiss city (after... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... February 27 is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events March 23 - James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth July 1 - Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia September 28 - Peter the Great defeats the Swedes at the Battle of Lesnaya Kandahar conquered by Mir Wais In Masuria one third of the population die during the plague J... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ...

In 1693, Jakob Ammann took issue from out of Alsace with Swiss Mennonite leaders Hans Reist and Benedict Schneider in regard to what he saw as a lack of overall discipline in the Mennonite congregations. This lack of discipline, he believed, was exemplified with the shying away from the implementation of the ban against those who left the church after being baptised in the church. In 1693 disagreements over the implementation of the ban would come to a head between Hans Reist and Jakob Ammann and this would result in the Jakob Ammann faction splitting from the Mennonites. Amman was highly influenced by the Dutch Mennonite beliefs, and instituted the practice of feet washing in connection with communion, which was not practiced by the Swiss Mennonites. He also increased holding communion to twice a year, differing from the Swiss practice of annual communion services. Later in life, Jakob Ammann would regret his actions and would make attempts for Amish reunification with the Mennonites, even apparently offering to ban himself from his own congregation in order to show his regret for the disunity that he believed he had helped cause. Despite admissions of being rash and overzealous, the Amish would not give up the belief of practicing the ban (or Meidung). Because of this, the main body of Amish and the Swiss Mennonites were never able to reconcile. Most of the Amish left in Europe after the American migration reunited with the Mennonites. Some joined other bodies. Amish no longer exist as a European body. Events January 11 - Eruption of Mt. ... The Mennonites are a group of Christian Anabaptist (Re-baptizers) denominations named after and influenced by the teachings and tradition of Menno Simons (1496-1561). ... Feet washing is a religious rite observed as an ordinance by several Christian denominations. ... The Lords Supper is a variation of the name and the service of The Last Supper or Eucharist. ... Amish couple in a horse-drawn buggy in rural Holmes County, Ohio, the site of one of the largest concentrations of Amish in the United States The Amish are a denomination of Anabaptists, found primarily in the United States and Canada, noted for their restrictions on the use of modern... World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...

Actually, it is not enough to say that Amman's faction split with the Mennonites. For one, Hans Reist's faction would not have called themselves Mennonites. They would most likely have referred to their group as the Swiss Brethren. The factions were both sizable, and had different geographic makeups. Therefore, Amman's group did not simply break off from a main body; it was a fairly even split. Also, there are many other issues and factors that contributed to the split. An excellent source for information on the Amish division of 1693 is a book of letters between Amman's faction and Reist's faction translated by John D. Roth of Goshen College. John David Roth (b. ... Goshen College Goshen College is a Mennonite liberal arts college in Goshen, Indiana with an enrollment of around 1,000 students. ...

External links

• Jakob Ammann
• Anabaptist Reconciliation