Jacobus Clemens non Papa (also Jacques Clément or Jacob Clemens non Papa) (c. 1510 to 1515 – 1555 or 1556) was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance based for most of his life in Flanders.^[1] He was a prolific composer in many of the current styles, and was especially famous for his polyphonic settings of the psalms in Dutch known as the Souterliedekens.^[2] Jacques Clément (1567 - August 1, 1589) was the murderer of the French king Henry III. He was born at Serbonnes, in todays Yonne département, in Burgundy, and became a Dominican friar. ... Year 1510 (MDX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... 1515 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Russia breaks 60 year old truce with Sweden by attacking Finland February 2 - Diet of Augsburg begins February 4 - John Rogers becomes first Protestant martyr in England February 9 - Bishop of Gloucester John Hooper is burned at the stake May 23 - Paul IV becomes Pope. ... Events January 16 - Abdication of Emperor Charles V. His son, Philip II becomes King of Spain, while his brother Ferdinand becomes Holy Roman Emperor January 23 - The Shaanxi earthquake, the deadliest earthquake in history, occurs with its epicenter in Shaanxi province, China. ... Renaissance music is European music written during the Renaissance, approximately 1400 to 1600. ... Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... Psalms (Tehilim תהילים, in Hebrew) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. ... The Souterliedekens (literal: Psalter-songs) is the title of a book with Dutch psalms, published 1540 in Antwerp and which remained very popular throughout the century. ...

Life

Nothing is known of his early life, and even the details of the years of his artistic maturity are sketchy. He may have been born in Middelburg, Zeeland, though the evidence is contradictory; certainly he was from somewhere in modern Belgium or the Netherlands. The first unambiguous reference to him is from the late 1530s, when Pierre Attaingnant published a collection of his chansons in Paris. Between March 1544 and June 1545 he worked as succentor at the Bruges cathedral, and shortly thereafter he began a business relationship with Tielman Susato, the publisher in Antwerp, which was to last for the rest of his life. From 1545 until 1549 he was probably choirmaster to Philippe de Croy, Duke of Aerschot, one of Charles V's greatest generals, where he preceded Nicolas Gombert. In 1550 he was employed as sanger ende componist (singer and composer) by the Marian Brotherhood in 's-Hertogenbosch. There is also evidence that he lived and worked in Ieper and Leiden. It is speculated that he also worked in Dordrecht, but there is little evidence supporting this speculation. ^[3] Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 53. ... Capital Middelburg Largest city Terneuzen Queens Commissioner Karla Peijs Religion (1999) Protestant 35% Catholic 23% Area  â€¢ Land  â€¢ Water   1,788 km² (10th) 1,146 km² Population (2006)  â€¢ Total  â€¢ Density 380,186 (11th) 213/km² (10th) Anthem Zeeuws volkslied ISO NL-ZE Official website www. ... French Music printer, active in Paris, b. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... Events April 11 - Battle of Ceresole - French forces under the Comte dEnghien defeat Imperial forces under the Marques Del Vasto near Turin. ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province West Flanders Arrondissement Bruges Coordinates , , Area 138. ... Tielman Susato (also Tylman) (c. ... For other uses, see Antwerp (disambiguation). ... Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan. ... Events July - Ketts Rebellion Francis Xavier arrives in Japan. ... Arms of Philippe I de Croÿ, detail of Rogiers diptych (ca. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... Nicolas Gombert (c. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... s-Hertogenbosch ( ) (literally The Dukes Forest), colloquially known as Den Bosch ( (help· info)) — translated in French as Bois-le-Duc, in German as Herzogenbusch and in Spanish as Bolduque — is a municipality in the Netherlands, and also the capital of the province of North Brabant. ... Ypres (French, generally used in English1; Ieper official name in the local Dutch/Flemish) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders. ... Coordinates: , Country Province Area (2006)  - Municipality 23. ... Satellite image of part of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the Island of Dordrecht and the eponymous city (7) Dordrecht (population 119,649 (2004)), or in English: Dort, is a city in the Dutch province of South Holland, the third largest city of the province. ...

There are several theories regarding the origin of the epithet "non Papa". One holds that it was jokingly added by his publisher, Susato, to distinguish him from Pope Clement VII—"Jacob Clemens—but not the Pope." Another states that it is to distinguish him from the poet Jacobus Papa also from Ieper. However, considering that Pope Clemens VII died in 1534, before any of Clemens's music was published, and that the confusion with the poet is unlikely in that the surnames were quite distinct, it is likely that the nickname was merely created in jest rather than for practical reasons. Nonetheless, the suffix has remained throughout the ages.^[4] Tielman Susato (also Tylman) (c. ... For the antipope (1378–1394) see antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII (May 26, 1478 – September 25, 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534. ... Ypres (French, generally used in English1; Ieper official name in the local Dutch/Flemish) is a municipality located in Flanders, one of the three regions of Belgium, and in the Flemish province of West Flanders. ...

Details about his death are not known, but he probably died in 1555 or 1556. The 1558 text in Jacobus Vaet's Continuo lacrimas, his deploration on Clemens's death, suggests that he met a violent end, though if true, the circumstances are not given. According to a 1644 source, Clemens was buried at Diksmuide near Ieper in present-day Belgium.^[5] Jacobus Vaet (c. ... Diksmuide (Dixmude in French) is a municipality in the province of West Flanders in Belgium. ...

Works and influence

Unlike many of his contemporaries, Clemens seems never to have traveled to Italy, with the result that Italian influence is absent in his music. He represents the northern European dialect of the Franco-Flemish style.^[6]

Clemens was one of the chief representatives of the generation between Josquin and Palestrina and Orlandus Lassus.^[7] He was primarily a composer of sacred music. In fact, his musical output was roughly 80 percent sacred music, either liturgical or for private use. Of his approximately 233 motets, only three contain secular texts (hymns of praise of music). However, he did compose somewhere just above 100 secular works that encompass the whole gamut of poetic genres that were used by composers in his generation. Considering that his career as a composer only lasted for barely two decades, Clemens was an extremely prolific composer^[8], writing: 1611 woodcut of Josquin des Prez, copied from a now-lost oil painting done during his lifetime. ... Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526[1] - 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of the Renaissance. ... Orlande de Lassus, a. ...

• 15 masses, including 14 parody masses and a requiem mass^[9] (most of which were published 1555-70 by Pierre Phalèse the Elder in Leuven); two mass sections (a Kyrie and a Credo)^[10]
• c. 233 motets^[11]
• Just over 100 secular pieces, including: 88 or 89 chansons, 8 Dutch songs, 8 textless pieces, 2 intabultated chansons, and 1 instrumental canon (doubtful) ^[12]
• 159 Souterliedekens, i.e. Dutch settings of the psalms, using popular song melodies as cantus firmus.^[13]

Of all these works, the Souterliedekens were perhaps the most widely known and influential. The Souterliedekens were published in 1556-7 by Tielmn Susato in his Musyck Boexken ("Music Books"), IV-VII^[14] and comprised the only Protestant part-music in Dutch during the Renaissance.^[15] Based on a preceding volume of Souterliedekens printed by Symon Cock that contained monophonic settings of the psalms in Dutch, Clemens's Souterliedekens became the first complete polyphonic settings of all 150 psalms in Dutch.^[16] Presumably, the original verse translation of the Psalter into the Dutch language was completed by Willem van Nievelt from Wittenberg.^[17] Clemens's part-settings are generally simple, and designed to be sung by people at home. They use the well-known secular tunes that were printed in the Cock edition, including drinking songs, love songs, ballads, and other popular songs of the time, as a cantus firmus. Most of them were set for 3 parts, and there are 26 different combinations of these voices.^[18] Some of the Souterliedekens are based on dance-songs and are frankly homophonic and homorhythmic, while others use imitation. It is notable that these pieces of music survived the ban in 1569 when the government under the Duke of Alva censured all books that were deemed heretical. ^[19] A parody mass is a mass that uses a piece of secular music, typically a fragment of a motet or chanson as part of its melodic material. ... The Requiem (from the Latin requiés, rest) or Requiem Mass (informally, the funeral Mass), also known formally (in Latin) as the Missa pro defunctis or Missa defunctorum, is a liturgical service of the Roman Catholic Church as well as the Anglican/ Episcopalian High Church and certain Lutheran Churches in... Pierre Phalèse the Elder (alias Petrus Phalesius, circa 1510-circa 1575) was an important Flemish music editor and engraver of the sixteenth century. ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Flemish Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Coordinates , , Area 56. ... In Western music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions. ... Chanson is a French word for song, and in English-language contexts is often applied to any song with French words, particularly a cabaret song. ... Psalms (Tehilim תהילים, in Hebrew) is a book of the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh, and of the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. ... In music, a cantus firmus (fixed song) is a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition, often set apart by being played in long notes. ... Monophonic can mean: In recorded audio, a monaural recording with only one channel. ... In music, the word texture is often used in a rather vague way in reference to the overall sound of a piece of music. ... Statue of Martin Luther in the main square Wittenberg, officially [Die] Lutherstadt Wittenberg, is a town in Germany, in the Bundesland Saxony-Anhalt, at 12° 59 E, 51° 51 N, on the Elbe river. ... In music, a cantus firmus (fixed song) is a pre-existing melody forming the basis of a polyphonic composition, often set apart by being played in long notes. ... In music, the word texture is often used in a rather vague way in reference to the overall sound of a piece of music. ...

After his death, his works were distributed to Germany, France, Spain, and even among various circles in England. The influence of Clemens was especially prominent in Germany; Lassus in particular knew his music well and incorporated elements of his style.^[20] Orlande de Lassus, a. ...

External links

• Jacob Clemens non Papa free scores in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
• Jacob Clemens non Papa free scores in the Werner Icking Music Archive

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Werner Icking Music Archive, often abbreviated WIMA, is a web archive of public domain sheet music. ...

Citations

1. ^ Knighton, Tess and David Fallows, eds.
2. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
3. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
4. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
5. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
6. ^ Atlas, Allan W., pg. 398
7. ^ Taruskin, Richard, pg. 593
8. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
9. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
10. ^ Reese, Gustave
11. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
12. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
13. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
14. ^ Reese, Gustave, pg. 355
15. ^ Raeburn, Michael and Alan Kendall, eds, pg. 66
16. ^ Reese, Gustave, pg. 355
17. ^ Perkins, Leeman L.
18. ^ Reese, Gustave, pg. 355
19. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"
20. ^ Grove Music Online, "Jacobus Clemens non Papa"

References and further reading

• Atlas, Allan W. Renaissance Music: Music in Western Europe, 1400-1600. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1998.
• Willem Elders/Kristine Forney/Alejandro Planchart: "Jacobus Clemens non Papa", Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed November 19, 2005), (subscription access)
• Knighton, Tess and David Fallows, eds. Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Music. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
• Perkins, Leeman L. Music in the Age of the Renaissance. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1999.
• Raeburn, Michael and Alan Kendall, eds. Heritage of Music, Vol 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
• Reese, Gustave. Music in the Renaissance. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1954. ISBN 0-393-09530-4
• Taruskin, Richard. The Oxford History of Western Music, Vol. 1: The Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.