The Jacobite Risings were a series of uprisings, rebellions, and wars in the British Isles occurring between 1688 and 1746. The uprisings were aimed at restoring James VII of Scotland and II of England, and later his descendants of the House of Stuart, to the throne after he was deposed by Parliament during the Glorious Revolution. The series of conflicts takes its name from Jacobus, the Latin form of James. Location of the British Isles The British Isles is a group of islands off the northwest coast of continental Europe consisting of Great Britain, Ireland, and a number of smaller surrounding islands and islets. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... James II of England/VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... The Coat of Arms of King James I, the first British monarch of the House of Stuart The House of Stuart or Stewart was a royal house of the Kingdom of Scotland, later of the Kingdom of England, and finally of the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... The Revolution of 1688, commonly known as the Glorious Revolution, was the overthrow of James II of England in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians and the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

The major Jacobite Risings were called the Jacobite Rebellions by the new governments. The "First Jacobite Rebellion" and "Second Jacobite Rebellion" were known respectively as "The Fifteen" and "The Forty-Five", after the years in which they occurred (1715 and 1745). // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...

Although each Jacobite Rising has unique features, they all formed part of a larger series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his daughter Mary II jointly with her husband, the Dutch born William of Orange. The risings continued, and even intensified, after the House of Hanover succeeded to the British Throne in 1714. They continued until the last Jacobite Rebellion ("the Forty-Five"), led by Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie), was soundly defeated at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, forever ending any realistic hope of a Stuart restoration. Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: God Save the King/Queen Capital London (de facto) Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq mi  Population    - 2006 est. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by Kenneth I... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... // Events A high-powered conspiracy of notables, the Immortal Seven, invite William and Mary to depose James II of England. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... William III King of England, Scotland and Ireland William III and II (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William Henry and William of Orange) was Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scotland from 11... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... The British Monarchy is a shared monarchy. ... Battle of Gangut, by Maurice Baquoi, 1724-27. ... Charles Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Combatants Government Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ...

For the context and details of abortive attempts to plot risings, see Jacobitism. Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ...

"Glorious" Revolution

For the context of this war see Jacobitism and Glorious Revolution. ... For context see the Williamite war in Ireland and Jacobitism. ... The battle of Newtownbutler in 1689 was part of the Williamite war in Ireland. ... Combatants Jacobite Forces -6000 French troops, 19,000 Irish Catholic troops Williamite Forces -English, Scottish, Dutch, Danish, Huguenot and Ulster Protestant troops Commanders James VII and II William III of England Strength 25,000 36,000 Casualties ~1,500 ~750 William III (William of Orange) King of England, Scotland and... Combatants Jacobite Forces - French and Irish Catholic toops Williamite Forces - English, Scottish Dutch, Danish, Ulster troops Commanders French general Lauzun, Irish commanders Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell, Patrick Sarsfield William III of England Strength 14,500 Jacobite infantry in Limerick, 2500 cavalry in Clare 25,000 men Casualties ~400... Athlone in central Ireland, was besieged twice during the Williamite war in Ireland (1689-91). ... The Battle of Aughrim was the decisive battle of the Williamite war in Ireland. ... Combatants Jacobite Forces - French and Irish Catholic toops Williamite Forces - English, Scottish Dutch, Danish, Ulster troops Commanders Patrick Sarsfield Godert de Ginkell Strength c 14,000 20,000 men Casualties ~800 killed in action ~low, though likely some deaths from disease Limerick in western Ireland was besieged twice during the...

Jacobite war in Ireland

Main article: Williamite war in Ireland

The Williamite war in Ireland was the opening conflict in James' attempts to regain the throne. It influenced the Jacobite Rising in Scotland which "Bonnie Dundee" started at about the same time. When it ended in October 1691 the Irish Jacobite army left Ireland for France, becoming the Irish Brigade which provided forces assisting The 'Forty-Five Jacobite Rising in Scotland. For the context of this war see Jacobitism and Glorious Revolution. ... The Irish Brigade was a brigade in the French army composed of Irish exiles. ...

Dundee's rising in Scotland

On 16 April 1689 John Graham of Claverhouse, Viscount Dundee, raised James' standard on the hilltop of Dundee Law with fewer than 50 men in support. At that time he was known as Bluidy Clavers for his part in dealing with Covenanters, but nowadays he is sometimes remembered as Bonnie Dundee from the words of a sentimental popular song written by the romantic Walter Scott in 1830. James had already arrived in Ireland and his letter was on the way promising Irish troops to assist the rising in Scotland. At first Viscount Dundee had difficulty in raising many supporters, but that changed after the Williamite commander Major-General Hugh Mackay of Scourie proved ineffective in chasing after Dundee around the north, and 200 Irish troops successfully landed at Kintyre. Dundee received support in the western Scottish Highlands from Roman Catholic and Episcopalian Clans. Each Jacobite Rising formed part of a series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his... Combatants Jacobite Royalists (Highlanders & Irish) Orange Royalists (Covenanters, Lowlanders) Commanders Viscount Dundee† Hugh Mackay Strength 2400 foot 3500 foot Casualties 800, inc. ... The Battle of Dunkeld was fought between Highland clans supporting James II and a government regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, on August 21, 1689, and formed part of the first Jacobite rising. ... The Battle of Cromdale took place at the Haugh of Cromdale in Speyside on April 30 and May 1, 1690. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... The Viscount Dundee John Graham, 1st Viscount Dundee (c. ... For other uses, see Dundee (disambiguation). ... The panoramic view from Connors Hill, near Swifts Creek, Victoria A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain, in a limited area. ... James VI of Scotland (James I of England) was opposed by the Covenanters in his attempt to bring the Anglican Church into Scotland The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century. ... Bonnie Dundee, better known as John Graham, Viscount Dundee, who died fighting for the Jacobite cause at the Battle of Killiecrankie is immortalised in this song by Sir Walter Scott. ... Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. ... Hugh Mackay Hugh Mackay (c. ... Kintyre shown within Argyll Kintyre is a peninsula in western Scotland in the south-west of Argyll. ... The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ...

By July the Jacobites had 8 battalions and 2 companies, almost all Highlanders. Dundee gained the confidence of the Clans by understanding the need to treat each Highlander as a touchy gentleman whose allegiance to his chieftain and clan with its etiquette and precedence was much more important than a secondary cause such as Jacobitism. At a time when infantry were trained to fight in formation, the Highlander's method was to set aside their plaids and other encumbrances before the battle, drop to the ground if their enemy fired a volley then, after quickly returning fire, run screaming at their foe in the Highland charge with broadsword and targe (shield) or whatever other weapon they had, sometimes pitchforks or Lochaber axes (a combined axe and spear on a long pole). This charge could be devastating to troops in formation still struggling to reload their muskets or fix bayonets. Clan map of Scotland Scottish clans give a sense of Scottish Highland identity and shared descent both to people in Scotland and to their relations throughout the world, with a formal structure of Clan Chiefs officially registered with the court of the Lord Lyon, King of Arms which controls the... It has been suggested that Irish kilt be merged into this article or section. ... Moriers painting Culloden depicts the Highland Charge in 1745. ... The term broadsword is used to refer to different types of swords, across many cultures and time periods. ... Targe (from Old Franconian *targa shield, Proto-Germanic *targo border) was a general word for shield in late Old English. ... A Lochaber Axe at two different distances. ...

This charge defeated a larger lowland Scots force at the Battle of Killiecrankie on 27 July 1689, but about a third of the Highlanders were killed in the fighting, and Dundee himself died in the battle. At the street fighting of the Battle of Dunkeld on 21 August the Jacobite Highlanders were set back by the Cameronians (now a government regiment), but much of the north remained hostile to the government and expeditions to subdue the highlands met with a series of skirmishes. Jacobite forces suffered a heavy defeat at the Haughs of Cromdale on 1 May 1690, and later that month Mackay constructed Fort William on the site of an old fort built by Cromwell. Then in June news arrived of William's victory over James at the Battle of the Boyne and Jacobite hopes petered out. On 17 August 1691 William offered all Highland clans a pardon for their part in the Jacobite Uprising, provided that they took an oath of allegiance before 1 January 1692 in front of a magistrate. The Highland chiefs sent word to James, now in exile in France, asking for his permission to take this oath. James dithered over his decision, eventually authorising the chiefs to take the oath in a message which only reached its recipients in mid-December. Despite difficult winter conditions a few took the oath in time. The exemplary brutality of the massacre of Glencoe sped acceptance, and by the spring of 1692 the Jacobite chiefs had all sworn allegiance to William. Combatants Jacobite Royalists (Highlanders & Irish) Orange Royalists (Covenanters, Lowlanders) Commanders Viscount Dundee† Hugh Mackay Strength 2400 foot 3500 foot Casualties 800, inc. ... July 27 is the 208th day (209th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 157 days remaining. ... Events Louis XIV of France passed the Code Noir, allowing the full use of slaves in the French colonies. ... The Battle of Dunkeld was fought between Highland clans supporting James II and a government regiment of covenanters supporting William of Orange, in the streets around Dunkeld Cathedral, Dunkeld, Scotland, on August 21, 1689, and formed part of the first Jacobite rising. ... August 21 is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Cameronian was a name given to a section of the Scottish Covenanters who followed the teachings of Richard Cameron, and who were composed prinicpally of those who signed the Sanquhar Declaration in 1680. ... The Battle of Cromdale took place at the Haugh of Cromdale in Speyside on April 30 and May 1, 1690. ... May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... Events Giovanni Domenico Cassini observes differential rotation within Jupiters atmosphere. ... Fort William from Loch Linnhe Fort William is the largest town in the western Scottish Highlands (in the Highland unitary authority), and a major tourist centre. ... Oliver Cromwell (April 25, 1599–September 3, 1658) was an English military and political leader best known for making England a republic and leading the Commonwealth of England. ... Combatants Jacobite Forces -6000 French troops, 19,000 Irish Catholic troops Williamite Forces -English, Scottish, Dutch, Danish, Huguenot and Ulster Protestant troops Commanders James VII and II William III of England Strength 25,000 36,000 Casualties ~1,500 ~750 William III (William of Orange) King of England, Scotland and... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leislers Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender May 6... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... Events February 13 - Massacre of Glencoe March 1 - The Salem witch trials begin in Salem Village, Massachusetts Bay Colony with the charging of three women with witchcraft. ... A magistrate is a judicial officer. ... The Massacre of Glencoe occurred in Glen Coe, Scotland, early in the morning of 13 February 1692, during the era of the Glorious Revolution and Jacobitism. ...

The "Old Pretender"

The Old Pretender's attempted invasion

After a brief peace, the War of the Spanish Succession renewed French support for the Jacobites and in 1708 James Stuart, the Old Pretender, sailed from Dunkirk with 6000 French troops in almost 30 ships of the French navy. Their intended landing in the Firth of Forth was thwarted by the Royal Navy under Admiral Byng which pursued the French fleet and made them retreat round the north of Scotland, losing ships and most of their men in shipwrecks on the way back to Dunkirk. Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) and is commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... Carnival in Dunkirk. ... The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area The Firth of Forth (Abhainn Dhubh [Black River] in Scottish Gaelic) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... The Right Honourable George Byng, 1st Viscount Torrington (1668) - (Jan. ...

The 'Fifteen

Following the arrival from Hanover of George I in 1714, Tory Jacobites in England conspired to organise armed rebellion against the new Hanoverian government, but were to prove indecisive and frightened by government arrests of their leaders. In Scotland, however, 1715 saw what is often referred to as the First Jacobite Rising (or Rebellion). Each Jacobite Rising formed part of a series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his... The Battle of Preston (9 November–14 November 1715), was fought during the Jacobite Rising of 1715. ... The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland. ... The Battle of Glen Shiel occurred near the western coast of Scotland on June 10, 1719 between the British and an alliance of Jacobite Highlanders and Spaniards, resulting in a victory for the British forces. ... George I (Georg Ludwig) (28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was Elector of Hanover from 23 January 1698, and King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ...

James Stuart, the "Old Pretender"

The Treaty of Utrecht had ended hostilities between France and Britain. From France, as part of widespread Jacobite plotting, James Stuart, the Old Pretender, had been corresponding with the Earl of Mar and in the summer of 1715 called on him to raise the Clans. Mar, nicknamed Bobbin' John, rushed from London to Braemar and summoned clan leaders to "a grand hunting-match" on 27 August 1715. On September 6th he proclaimed James as "their lawful sovereign" and raised the old Scottish standard, whereupon (ominously) the gold ball fell off the top of the flagpole. Mar's proclamation brought in an alliance of clans and northern Lowlanders, and they quickly overran many parts of the Highlands. Image File history File links James Stuart File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links James Stuart File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) and is commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... The Treaties of Utrecht (April 11, 1713) were signed in Utrecht, a city of the United Provinces. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) and is commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... John Erskine, 6th (or 11th) Earl of Mar (1675 - May, 1732), Scottish Jacobite, was the eldest son of Charles, the 5th earl (1650-1689), from whom he inherited estates which were heavily loaded with debt. ... Braemar (Scottish Gaelic, Baile a Chaisteil Bhràigh Mhàrr) is a village in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, around 58 miles west of Aberdeen in the Highlands. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ...

Mar's Jacobites captured Perth on 14 September without opposition and his army grew to around 8,000 men, but a force of less than 2,000 men under the Duke of Argyll held the Stirling plain for the government and Mar indecisively kept his forces in Perth. He waited for the Earl of Seaforth to arrive with a body of northern clans, but Seaforth was delayed by attacks from other clans loyal to the government. Planned risings in Wales and Devon were forestalled by the government arresting the local Jacobites. The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ... John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll and 1st Duke of Greenwich (October 10, 1678 - October 4, 1743) was a Scottish soldier and nobleman. ... Broad St at the heart of Stirlings Old Town area (called Top of the Town by locals) on a rare snowy day Stirling Castle (Southwest aspect) The main courtyard inside Stirling Castle. ... Earl of Seaforth, a Scottish title held by the family of Mackenzie from 1623 to 1716, and again from 1771 to 1781. ... Motto: (Welsh for Wales forever) Anthem: (Welsh for Land of My Fathers) Capital Cardiff (Caerdydd) Largest city Cardiff (Caerdydd) Official language(s) Welsh, English Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Rhodri Morgan AM Unification    - by Gruffudd ap Llywelyn 1056... Devon is a large county in South West England, bordered by Cornwall to the west, Dorset and Somerset to the east. ...

Starting around 6 October a rising in the north of England grew to about 300 horsemen under Thomas Forster, a Northumberland squire, then joined forces with a rising in the south of Scotland under Lord Kenmure. Mar sent a Jacobite force under Brigadier Mackintosh of Borlum to join them. They left Perth on October 10th and were ferried across the Firth of Forth from Burntisland to East Lothian. Here they were diverted into an attack on an undefended Edinburgh, but having seized Leith citadel they were chased away by the arrival of Argyll's forces. Mackintosh's force of about 2,000 then made their way south and met their allies at Kelso in the Scottish Borders on 22 October, and spent a few days arguing over their options. The Scots wanted to fight government forces in the vicinity or attack Dumfries and Glasgow, but the English were determined to march towards Liverpool and led them to expect 20,000 recruits in Lancashire. October 6 is the 279th day of the year (280th in leap years). ... Northumberland is a county in northern England. ... The Firth of Forth from Calton Hill The Forth Bridges cross the Firth Satellite photo of the Firth and the surrounding area The Firth of Forth (Abhainn Dhubh [Black River] in Scottish Gaelic) is the estuary or firth of Scotlands River Forth, where it flows into the North Sea... Burntisland is a burgh in Fife, Scotland on the Firth of Forth. ... East Lothian (Lodainn an Ear in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council areas in Scotland, and a lieutenancy Area. ... Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ... Formerly a municipal burgh,[1] Leith is a town at the mouth of the Water of Leith and is the port of Edinburgh, Scotland. ... The centre of Kelso with its cobbled square. ... Scottish Borders (often referred to locally as The Borders or The Borderland) is one of 35 local government unitary council areas of Scotland. ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... The Buccleuch St Bridge Devorgilla Bridge Overlooking Dumfries The Old Bridge House Dumfries ((IPA: ) pronounced dum-freece, not dum-fries) (Dùn Phris in Scottish Gaelic) is a Royal Burgh and town with a population of around 31,146 (37,846 including the Locharbriggs and Cargenbridge areas). ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... Liverpool is a major city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. ... Lancashire is a county in North West England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea. ...

The Highlanders resisted marching into England and there were some mutinies and defections, but they pressed on. Instead of the expected welcome the Jacobites were met by hostile militia armed with pitchforks and very few recruits. They were unopposed in Lancaster and found about 1,500 recruits as they reached Preston on 9 November, bringing their force to around 4,000. Then Hanoverian forces (including the Cameronians) arrived to besiege them at the Battle of Preston, and the surviving Jacobites surrendered on 14 November. A view of Lancaster showing the Lune, the Millennium Bridge and the Ashton Memorial Lancaster (2001 census population 45,952: source ONS) is a city in Lancashire, in the north-west of England, UK. It is a commercial, cultural and educational centre. ... Preston is a city and local government district in North West England. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... Cameronian was a name given to a section of the Scottish Covenanters who followed the teachings of Richard Cameron, and who were composed prinicpally of those who signed the Sanquhar Declaration in 1680. ... The Battle of Preston (9 November–14 November 1715), was fought during the Jacobite Rising of 1715. ... November 14 is the 318th day of the year (319th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 47 days remaining until the end of the year. ...

In Scotland, at the Battle of Sheriffmuir on November 13th, Mar's forces were unable to defeat a smaller force led by the Duke of Argyll and Mar retreated to Perth while the government army built up. Belatedly, on 22 December 1715 a ship from France brought the Old Pretender to Peterhead, but he was too consumed by melancholy and fits of fever to inspire his followers. He briefly set up court at Scone, Perthshire, visited his troops in Perth and ordered the burning of villages to hinder the advance of the Duke of Argyll through deep snow. The highlanders were cheered by the prospect of battle, but James' councillors decided to abandon the enterprise and ordered a retreat to the coast, giving the pretext of finding a stronger position. James boarded a ship at Montrose and fled to France on 4 February 1716, leaving a message advising his Highland followers to shift for themselves. The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events July 24 - Spanish treasure fleet of ten ships under admiral Ubilla leave Havana, Cuba for Spain. ... Peterhead is a town in Scotland with a population of approximately 18,000. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ... Montrose is a minor port and tourist resort in Angus, on the east coast of Scotland. ... February 4 is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ...

Spanish supported Jacobite invasion

Cardinal Giulio Alberoni

With France still at peace, the Jacobites found a new ally in Spain's Minister to the King, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni. An invasion force set sail in 1719 with two frigates to land in Scotland to raise the clans, and 27 ships carrying 5,000 soldiers to England, but the latter were dispersed by storms before they could land. When the two Spanish frigates successfully landed a party of Jacobites led by Lord Tullibardine and Earl Marischal with 300 Spanish soldiers at Loch Duich they held Eilean Donan castle, but met only lukewarm support from a few clans and at the Battle of Glen Shiel the Spanish soldiers were forced to surrender to government forces. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x640, 37 KB)Cardinal Giulio Alberoni File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (456x640, 37 KB)Cardinal Giulio Alberoni File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Cardinal Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (May 21, 1664 OS - June 26 NS, 1752), Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain, was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola dArda in the Duchy of Parma. ... Cardinal Alberoni Giulio Alberoni (May 21, 1664 OS - June 26 NS, 1752), Italian cardinal and statesman in the service of Philip V of Spain, was born near Piacenza, probably at the village of Fiorenzuola dArda in the Duchy of Parma. ... In Scotland, the office of Great Marischal of Scotland, which was granted to the Keith family as Knight Marischal and later on changed to Lord Marischal and later on again to Earl Marischal of Scotland, died out when a member of the family of Keith forfeited it by being part... Loch Duich is a sea loch situated on the western coast of Scotland, in the Highlands. ... Loch Duich and Eilean Donan castle Eilean Donan castle and some surroundings Eilean Donan (Scottish Gaelic for Island of Donan), is a small island in Loch Duich in the western Highlands of Scotland. ... The Battle of Glen Shiel occurred near the western coast of Scotland on June 10, 1719 between the British and an alliance of Jacobite Highlanders and Spaniards, resulting in a victory for the British forces. ...

Aftermath of the 'Fifteen

In the aftermath of the 'Fifteen, the Disarming Act and the Clan Act made ineffectual attempts to subdue the Scottish Highlands. Government garrisons were built or extended in the Great Glen at Fort William, Kiliwhimin (later renamed Fort Augustus) and Fort George, Inverness, as well as barracks at Ruthven, Bernera and Inversnaid, linked to the south by the Wade roads constructed for Major-General George Wade. The Scottish Highlands are the mountainous regions of Scotland north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault. ... The Great Glen, also known as Glen Albyn or Glen Mor is a series of valleys in Scotland running 100 kilometres from Inverness on the Moray Firth to Fort William at the head of Loch Linnhe. ... Fort William from Loch Linnhe Fort William is the largest town in the western Scottish Highlands (in the Highland unitary authority), and a major tourist centre. ... Fort Augustus is a settlement in the Scottish Highlands, at the south west end of Loch Ness. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Highland council area and the Highlands of Scotland. ... Ruthven Barracks are the smallest but best preserved of the 4 barracks built in 1717 after the 1715 Jacobite rising, set on an old castle mound. ... Great Bernera, often known just as Bernera (Scottish Gaelic: Bearnaraigh) is an island in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland. ... The Rt. ...

In 1725 Wade raised the independent companies of the Black Watch as a militia to keep peace in the unruly Highlands, but in 1743 they were moved to fight the French in Flanders. Tellingly, their commander at the Battle of Fontenoy in May 1745 was the Duke of Cumberland, soon to command at Culloden. The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. ... Flanders (Dutch: ) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; some prefer to call this the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians; a... Combatants Britain United Provinces Hanover France Commanders Duke of Cumberland Maurice, comte de Saxe Strength 48,000 30,000 Casualties 2,500 dead 5,000 wounded or captured 2,300 dead 5,000 wounded This battle should not be confused with the two battles of Fontenay, which occurred at a... Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (April 15, 1721–October 31, 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. ...

The "Young Pretender"

1744 French invasion attempt

During 1743 the War of the Austrian Succession drew Britain and France into open, though unofficial, hostilities against each other. Leading English Jacobites made a formal request to France for armed intervention and the French king's Master of Horse toured southern England meeting Tories and discussing their proposals. In November 1743 Louis XV of France authorised a large-scale invasion of southern England in February 1744 which was to be a surprise attack with troops marching from their winter quarters to hidden invasion barges which were to take them and Charles Edward Stuart with the guidance of English Jacobite pilots to Maldon in Essex where they were to be joined by local Tories in an immediate march on London. Charles, (later known as Bonnie Prince Charlie or the Young Pretender) was in exile in Rome with his father (James Stuart, the Old Pretender), and rushed to France. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748) became inevitable after Maria Theresa of Austria had succeeded her father Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor in his Habsburg dominions in 1740, namely becoming Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, Archduchess of Austria, and Duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. ... Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ... Charles Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Bold textItalic textLink title:See also Malden. ... Essex is a county in the East of England. ... James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) and is commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ...

As late as 13 February the British were still unaware of these intentions, and while they then arrested many suspected Jacobites the French plans really went astray on 24 February when one of the worst storms of the century scattered the French fleets which were about to battle for control of the English Channel, sinking one ship and putting five out of action. February 13 is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... February 24 is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche (IPA: ), the sleeve) is the part of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France and joins the North Sea to the Atlantic. ...

The barges had began embarking some 10,000 troops and the storm wrecked the troop and equipment transports, sinking some with the loss of all hands. Charles was officially informed on 28 February that the invasion had been cancelled. The British lodged strong diplomatic objections to the presence of Charles, and France declared war but gave Charles no more support. February 28 is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

The 'Forty-Five'

Such is the connection between 1745 and the rising in the Gaelic mindset, that the '45 is known as Bliadhna Theàrlaich (Charles' Year) in Scottish Gaelic. Each Jacobite Rising formed part of a series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders Captain Scott Jacobite Clan Chiefs Strength 2 Battalions of infantry. ... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders John Cope Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ... Combatants British Garrison Jacobites Commanders Colonel Durand Charles Edward Stuart The siege and capture of Carlisle was an important event of the 1745 to 1746 Jacobite Uprising. ... Combatants British Dragoons of the Duke of Cumberland Jacobites Commanders Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart Lord George Murray Casualties Total of 100 dead and wounded. ... When Charles Edward Stuart retreated north back into Scotland he left an English Jacobite regiment called the Manchester Regiment to guard Carlisle against Government troops so that he at least held one town in England. ... Combatants British Army Jacobite Forces Commanders MacLeod of MacLeod Lord Lewis Gordon Strength 500 men 1100 men and 5 Cannon Casualties unknown dead and wounded. ... During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk was the last noteworthy Jacobite success. ... Combatants Government Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. ...

Charles continued to believe that he could reclaim the kingdom and recalled that early in 1744 a small number of Scottish Highland clan chieftains had sent a message that they would rise if he arrived with as few as 3,000 French troops. Living at French expense, he continued to badger ministers for commitment to another invasion, to their increasing irritation. In secrecy he also developed a plan with a consortium of Nantes privateers, funded by exiled Scots bankers and pawning of his mother's jewellery. They fitted out a small frigate le Du Teillay and a ship of the line the Elisabeth and set out from Nantes for Scotland in July 1745 on the pretence that this was a normal privateering cruise, leaving a personal letter from Charles to Louis XV of France announcing the departure and asking for help with the rising. The Elisabeth, carrying weapons, supplies and 700 volunteers from the Irish Brigade, encountered the British Navy ship HMS Lion and with both ships badly damaged in the ensuing battle the Elisabeth was forced back, but the Frigate successfully landed Charles with his seven men of Moidart on the island of Eriskay in the Outer Hebrides on 2 August 1745. Traditional city flag City coat of arms Motto: (Latin: Shall Neptune favour the traveller) Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Département Loire-Atlantique (44) Région Pays-de-la-Loire Mayor Jean-Marc Ayrault (PS) (since 1989) Intercommunality Urban Community of Nantes City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 65. ... Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), the Beloved (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 until his death. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Eighteen vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Lion, after the lion, an animal traditionally associated with courage, and also used in several heraldric motifs representing England and the British Monarchy. ... Eriskay, looking towards Easabhal on South Uist. ... Western Isles redirects here. ... August 2 is the 214th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (215th in leap years), with 151 days remaining. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...

The Scottish clans and their chieftains initially showed little enthusiasm about his arrival without troops or munitions (with Alexander MacDonald of Sleat and Norman MacLeod of MacLeod refusing even to meet with him), but Charles went on to Moidart and on 19 August 1745 raised the standard at Glenfinnan to lead the Second Jacobite Rising in his father's name. This attracted about 1,200 men, mostly of Clan MacDonald of Clan Ranald, Clan MacDonell of Glengarry, Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, and Clan Cameron. The Jacobite force marched south from Glenfinnan, increasing to almost 3,000 men, though two chieftains insisted on pledges of compensation before joining. Clan MacDonald of Sleat crest:Per mare per terras (By sea and by land) The Clan MacDonald of Sleat is a Highland Scottish clan and is a branch of the Clan Donald or MacDonald. ... Clan MacLeod Crest. ... Moidart is a district in Lochaber, Highland, Scotland to the west of Fort William; the area is very remote and Loch Shiel cuts off the south-west boundary of the district. ... August 19 is the 231st day of the year (232nd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Memorial to the Jacobites, at Glenfinnan, Lochaber. ... MacDonald of Clan Ranald crest. ... Clan MacDonell of Glengarry is a Scottish clan, sometimes considered a branch of Clan Donald, taking its name from Glen Garry where the river Garry runs eastwards through Loch Garry to join the Great Glen about 16 miles (25 km) north of Fort William. ... Clan MacDonald of Keppoch crest:Per mare per terras (By sea and by land) The Clan MacDonald of Keppoch is a Highland Scottish clan and is a branch of the main Clan Donald or Macdonald. ... // History Clan Cameron is a Highland Scottish clan, with two main branches; that of Lochiel, and that of Erracht. ...

Morier's painting "Culloden" shows the highlanders still wearing the plaids which they normally set aside before battle, where they would fire a volley then run full tilt at the enemy with broadsword and targe in the Highland charge wearing only their shirts

A list of clans that "came out" to join the Prince, or were prevented from doing so, is given below. Battle of Culloden, by David Morier. ... Combatants Government Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... It has been suggested that Irish kilt be merged into this article or section. ...

Most of the British army was in Flanders and Germany, leaving an inexperienced army of about 4,000 in Scotland under Sir John Cope. His force marched north into the Highlands, but found little support because of the unpopularity of the "Hanoverian"government of King George II and, believing the rebel force to be stronger than it really was, avoided an engagement with the Jacobites at the Pass of Corryairack and withdrew northwards to Inverness. The Jacobites captured Perth and at Coltbridge on the way to Edinburgh routed two regiments of government Dragoons. In Edinburgh there was panic with a melting away of the City Guard and Volunteers and when the city gate at the Netherbar Port was opened at night, to let a coach through, a party of Camerons rushed the sentries and seized control of the city. The next day King James VIII was proclaimed at the Mercat Cross and a triumphant Charles entered Holyrood palace. Sir John Cope (1690 - 1760) was a British general. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... This is an 810m, 2657 foot pass. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Highland council area and the Highlands of Scotland. ... The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ... A light dragoon from the American Revolution French dragoon, 1745. ... Holyrood Palace The Palace of Holyroodhouse, more commonly known as Holyrood Palace, originally founded as a monastery by David I of Scotland in 1128, has served as the principal residence of the Kings and Queens of Scotland since the 15th century. ...

Cope's army got supplies from Inverness then sailed from Aberdeen down to Dunbar to meet the Jacobite forces near Prestonpans to the east of Edinburgh. On 21 September 1745 at the Battle of Prestonpans a surprise attack planned by Lord George Murray routed the government forces, as celebrated in the Jacobite song "Hey, Johnny Cope, are you waking yet?". Charles immediately wrote again to France pleading for a prompt invasion of England. There was alarm in England, and in London a patriotic song which included a prayer for Marshal Wade's success in crushing the Scots was performed, later to become the National Anthem. For other uses, see Aberdeen (disambiguation). ... This article is about Dunbar in Scotland. ... Prestonpans is a small town found to the East of Edinburgh, Scotland, in the unitary council area of East Lothian . ... September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders John Cope Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ... Lord George Murray Lord George Murray (4 October 1694-11 October 1760) was a Scottish Jacobite general, most noted for his 1745 campaign under Bonnie Prince Charlie into England. ... Adam Skirving (1719 – April, 1803), Scottish song writer, was born in Haddington. ... God Save the King/Queen is a patriotic hymn, and the national anthem of the United Kingdom. ...

The Jacobites held the city of Edinburgh, though not the castle. Charles held court at Holyrood palace for five weeks amidst great admiration and enthusiasm, but failed to raise a regiment locally. Many of the highlanders went home with booty from the battle and recruiting resumed, though Whig clans opposing the Jacobites were also getting organised. The French now sent some weapons and funds, and assurances that they would carry out their invasion of England by the end of the year. Charles's Council of war led by Murray was against leaving Scotland, but he told them that he had received English Tory assurances of a rising if he appeared in England in arms, and the Council agreed to march south by a margin of one vote. Edinburgh (pronounced ; Scottish Gaelic: ) is the capital of Scotland and its second-largest city. ... The castle from below (2003) Edinburgh Castle is an ancient fortress which from its position on Castle Rock, dominates views of the city of Edinburgh, and is Scotlands most famous landmark. ... The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to the mid 19th centuries. ...

The Jacobite army of under six thousand men set out on 3 November. During the delay the government had brought seasoned troops back from the continent and an army under General George Wade assembled at Newcastle. Charles wanted to confront them, but on the advice of Lord George Murray and the Council they made for Carlisle and successfully bypassed Wade. At Manchester about 250 Episcopalians formed a regiment, but no other Englishmen joined the Prince. At the end of November French ships arrived in Scotland with 800 men from the Écossais Royeaux (Royal Scots) and Irish Regiments of the French army. November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... The Rt. ... This article is about a city in the United Kingdom. ... Carlisle is a city in the far north-west of England, located 16km from the border with Scotland. ... Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough, in the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, North West England. ... The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ... Official name The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment) Colonel-in-Chief Honorary-General HRH Mary, Princess Royal (1918) HRH Anne, Princess Royal (1983) Nicknames Pontius Pilates Bodyguard Motto Nemo me impune lacessit (Nobody touches me with impunity) Anniversaries Marches Quick March: Dumbartons Drums Slow March: Garb of Old... The Irish Brigade was a brigade in the French army composed of Irish exiles. ...

The Jacobite army, by now reduced by desertions to under 5,000 men, was manoeuvred by Murray round to the east of a second government army under the Duke of Cumberland and marched on Derby. Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (April 15, 1721–October 31, 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. ... This article is about the city of Derby in England. ...

They entered Derby on 4 December, only 125 miles (200 km) from a panicking London, with a resentful Charles by then barely on speaking terms with Murray. Charles was advised of progress on the French invasion fleet which was then assembling at Dunkirk, but at his Council of War he was forced to admit to his previous lies about assurances. While Charles was determined to press on in the deluded belief that their success was due to soldiers of the regulars never daring to fight against their true prince, his Council and Lord George Murray pointed out their position. The promised English support had not materialised, both Wade and Cumberland were approaching, a militia was forming in London and they had a report of a third army closing on them (fictitious, from a government double agent). They insisted that their army should return to join the growing force in Scotland. This time only Charles voted to continue the advance, and he assented while throwing a tantrum and vowing never to consult the Council again. On December 6, the Jacobites sullenly began their retreat, with a petulant Charles refusing to take any part in running the campaign which was fortunate given the excellent leadership of Murray, whose brilliant feints and careful planning extracted the army virtually intact. The French got news of the retreat and cancelled their invasion which was now ready, while English Tories who had just sent a message pledging support if Charles reached London went to ground again. December 4th redirects here. ... Location within France For the battleship, see Dunkerque Dunkirk (French: Dunkerque; Dutch: Duinkerke; German: Dünkirchen) is a harbour city and a commune in the northernmost part of France, in the département of Nord, 10 km from the Belgian border. ... December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

There was a rearguard action to the north of Penrith. The Manchester regiment was left behind to defend Carlisle and after a siege by Cumberland had to surrender, to face hanging or transportation. Many died in Carlisle Castle, where they were imprisoned in brutal conditions along with Scots prisoners who Morier painted to depict the kilted clansmen in battle. Many of the Cells there still show hollows licked into the stone walls, as prisoners had only the damp and moss on these stones to sustain themselves. By Christmas the Jacobites came to Glasgow and forced the city to re-provision their army, then on January 3rd left to seize the town of Stirling and begin an ineffectual siege of Stirling Castle. Jacobite reinforcements joined them from the north and on 17 January about 8,000 of Charles's 9,000 men took the offensive to the approaching General Henry Hawley at the Battle of Falkirk and routed his forces. Statistics Population: 14,756 Ordnance Survey OS grid reference: NY515305 Administration District: Eden Shire county: Cumbria Region: North West England Constituent country: England Sovereign state: United Kingdom Other Ceremonial county: Cumbria Historic county: Cumberland Services Police force: Cumbria Constabulary Fire and rescue: {{{Fire}}} Ambulance: North West Post office and telephone... Broad St at the heart of Stirlings Old Town area (called Top of the Town by locals) on a rare snowy day Stirling Castle (Southwest aspect) The main courtyard inside Stirling Castle. ... Stirling Castle (southwest aspect) For ships named after the castle, see Stirling Castle (disambiguation) Stirling Castle is a castle in Stirling, one of the largest and most important, both historically and architecturally, in Scotland and indeed Western Europe. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Henry Hawley (c. ... During the Second Jacobite Rising, the Battle of Falkirk was the last noteworthy Jacobite success. ...

The Jacobite army then turned north, losing men and failing to take Stirling Castle or Fort William but taking Fort Augustus and Fort George in Inverness by early April. Charles now took charge again, insisting on fighting an orthodox defensive action, and on 16 April 1746 they were finally defeated near Inverness at the Battle of Culloden by government forces made up of English and Scottish troops and Campbell militia, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The seemingly suicidal Highland sword charge against cannon and muskets had succeeded in earlier battles but failed now owing to the completely unsuitable nature of the battlefield chosen by Charles, his irresolute tactics and Cumberland having trained his men well with new bayonet tactics to withstand the charge. Charles promptly abandoned his army, blaming everything on the treachery of his officers, even though after the defeat the stragglers and unengaged units rallied at the agreed rendezvous and only dispersed when ordered to leave. Fort William from Loch Linnhe Fort William is the largest town in the western Scottish Highlands (in the Highland unitary authority), and a major tourist centre. ... Fort Augustus is a settlement in the Scottish Highlands, at the south west end of Loch Ness. ... There is also a later Fort George in Canada. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Highland council area and the Highlands of Scotland. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... Combatants Government Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Charles Edward Stuart, the Young Pretender Strength ca. ... Campbell Clan Badge - In heraldry, a snarling Boars head may represent what are seen as the positive qualities of the boar, namely courage and fierceness in battle. ... Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (April 15, 1721–October 31, 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. ...

Charles fled to France making a dramatic if humiliating escape disguised as a "lady's maid" to Flora Macdonald. Cumberland's forces crushed the rebellion and effectively ended Jacobitism as a serious political force in Britain. The decline of Jacobitism left Charles making futile attempts to enlist assistance, and another abortive plot to raise support in England. Charles Edward Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Flora MacDonald (1722 – March 5, 1790), Jacobite heroine, was the daughter of Ranald MacDonald of Milton in the island of South Uist in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland, and his wife Marion, the daughter of Angus MacDonald. ... Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ...

List of clans that joined the Prince

Eventually the following clans "came out" to join the Prince: Clan Cameron, Clan Chisholm, Clan Drummond, Clan Farquharson, Clan Hay, Clan Livingstone or MacLea, Clan MacBain, Clan MacColl, Clan MacDonald of Clan Ranald, Clan MacDonald of Glencoe, Clan MacDonnell of Glengarry, Clan MacDonald of Keppoch, Clan MacFie, Clan MacGillvary, Clan MacGregor, Clan MacInnes, Clan MacKintosh, Clan MacIver, Clan MacKinnon, Clan MacLachlan, Clan MacLaren, Clan MacNeil of Barra, Clan Macpherson, Clan Menzies, Clan Ogilvy, Clan Oliphant, Clan Robertson, Clan Stewart of Appin. // History Clan Cameron is a Highland Scottish clan, with two main branches; that of Lochiel, and that of Erracht. ... Clan Chisholm Crest: I Am Fierce With The Fierce Clan Chisholm is a Scottish clan. ... Clan Drummond Crest: Vitutem coronat honos (Honour crowns vitue) Clan Drummond is a Scottish clan deriving its name from the parish of Drymen, in what was western Stirlingshire. ... Clan Farquharson of Invercauld is a Scottish clan which derives its name from Farquhar Shaw, 4th son of Alexander Ciar Mackintosh of Rothiemurchus, 5th Chief of the Clan Shaw, who settled in the Braes of Mar, the source of the River Dee. ... Clan Hay Crest: Serva jugum (Keep the Yoke) Clan Hay is a Scottish clan, associated with the regions of Perth and Aberdeen, which has played an important part in the history and politics of Scotland. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Clan MacBain crest Clan MacBain is a Highland Scottish clan. ... MacDonald of Clan Ranald crest. ... The Clan MacDonald of Glencoe also known as Clan Iain Arbrach were a sub-branch of the main Clan Donald of MacDonald. ... Clan MacDonell of Glengarry is a Scottish clan, sometimes considered a branch of Clan Donald, taking its name from Glen Garry where the river Garry runs eastwards through Loch Garry to join the Great Glen about 16 miles (25 km) north of Fort William. ... Clan MacDonald of Keppoch crest:Per mare per terras (By sea and by land) The Clan MacDonald of Keppoch is a Highland Scottish clan and is a branch of the main Clan Donald or Macdonald. ... Clan MacGillvary crest Clan MacGillvary is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacGregor Crest: S rioghal mo dhream (My race is royal) The Clan Gregor is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacInnes is a Scottish clan from the highlands The tartan of the MacInnes Clan The dress tartan of the MacInnes Clan // History of the name From the Gaelic MacAonghais (Sons of Angus). ... Clan MacKintosh Crest Clan MacKintosh is a Scottish clan from Inverness with strong Jacobite ties. ... Clan MacKinnon is one of the most ancient Highland Scottish clans and a branch of the Siol Alpin. ... Clan MacLachlan crest: Fortis et fidus (Brave and faithful) Clan MacLachlan is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacLaran crest: Creag an Turic (the boars rock) Clan MacLaren is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacNeil of Barra Crest: Buaidhi no Bas (To Conquer or Die) The Clan MacNeil of Barra is one of the oldest Scottish clans: it can trace ancestry back to King Niall of the Nine Hostages in Ireland in 379 AD and King Lóegaire mac Néill in Ireland... Clan Macpherson is a Scottish clan from Badenoch, on the Spey River, Scotland. ... Clan Menzies Crest: If God wills it, I Shall Clan Menzies is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan Ogilvy Crest Clan Ogilvy is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan Oliphant crest: A tout pouvoir (Provide for all) Clan Oliphant is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Virtutis gloria merces (Glory is the reward of valour) Clan Robertson is a Scottish clan. ... Introduction In Scotland, the Stewarts of Appin are the West Highland branch of the Stewart family and have been considered a distinct clan since the fifteenth century. ...

Furthermore, the regiment of Atholl Highlanders was mostly made up of members of Clan Murray, Clan Fergusson, and Clan Stewart of Atholl. Significant numbers of men from Clan Boyd, Clan Elphinstone, Clan Forbes, Clan Keith, Clan MacIntyre, Clan MacKenzie, Clan MacLean, Clan MacLeod of MacLeod, Clan MacLeod of Lewis, Clan MacTavish, Clan MacMillan, Clan Maxwell, Clan Ramsay, and Clan Wemyss also joined the Jacobite army. The Atholl Highlanders is a Scottish regiment. ... Clan Murray Crest. ... The name Fergusson (or Ferguson) and its history spreads from Antrim in northeastern Ireland to the shores of Dalriada under Fergus mor MacErc, into the Highlands and to Dunkeld. ... Clan Boyd is a Scottish clan from Kilmarnock in Ayrshire,Scotland. ... Clan Elphinstone Crest Clan Elphinstone is a Lowland Scottish clan // The surname Elphinstone is derived from the territory of Elphinstone in the parish of Tranent, meaning of Elphinstone. ... Clan Forbes Crest. ... Keith Crest Clan Keith is a Scottish clan associated with lands in northeastern and northwestern Scotland. ... Clan Macintyre is a Scottish clan that was started in the 12th Century. ... Clan MacKenzie Crest: I Shine, Not Burn. ... Clan MacLean Crest: Virtue Mine Honour. ... Clan MacLeod Crest. ... Clan MacLeod of Lewis crest The Clan MacLeod of Lewis is a Highland Scottish clan which is a branch of the main Clan MacLeod of Skye. ... Clan MacTavish crest: Non Oblitus Clan MacTavish is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan MacMillan crest: Misesris succerere disco (I learn to succour the unfortunate) Clan MacMillan is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan Maxwell crest: Reviresco (I grow strong again) Clan Maxwell is a Lowland Scottish clan. ... Clan Ramsay is a Scottish clan that has existed since the 11th century. ...

The Clan Fraser of Lovat also joined the prince and fought at Culloden although the other Clan Fraser remained neutral. Many men of the Clan Gordon also joined the Jacobites led by the chief's brother Lord Lewis Gordon. Although the chief of Clan Gordon claimed to support the British government his brother raised two regiments in support of the Jacobites. The Clan Fraser of Lovat Crest The arms of the Frasers of Lovat. ... The Clan Fraser (Gaelic - Frisealach, French Clan Frasier) is a Scottish clan of Gaulish origin. ... Clan Gordon Crest Clan Gordon, also known as the House of Gordon, is a traditional Scottish clan name and it is now a common forename. ... Lewis Gordon is an African American philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences, phenomenology, philosophy of existence, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of race and racism, philosophies of liberation, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of religion. ...

Some chieftains who were trying or planning to raise their clan for the Prince were stopped or even imprisoned, notably Sir James Campbell of Auchnabreck and Alexander MacDougall of Dunollie, who were stopped from raising Clan Campbell of Auchnabreck and Clan MacDougall by Campbell of Argyll, and Sir Hector MacLean and Dugald MacTavish of Dunardry, who would have raised Clan MacLean and Clan MacTavish had they not been imprisoned by the English. Clan MacDougall is a Scottish clan traditionally associated with the lands of Argyll and Lorn in Scotland. ... Clan MacLean Crest: Virtue Mine Honour. ... Clan MacTavish crest: Non Oblitus Clan MacTavish is a Highland Scottish clan. ...

Common misconceptions about the Jacobites and the '45'

• It is often mistaken as a war between Highlanders and Lowlanders; Many major Highland clans supported the British government including: Clan Sutherland, Clan Campbell, Clan MacKay, Clan Munro, Clan Ross, Clan Gunn, Clan MacLeod, Clan Grant and others, along with Scottish Lowlands regiments. On the Jacobite side, Scottish Episcopalians provided over half of their forces in Britain, and although Dundee's rising in 1689 came mostly from the western Highlands, in later risings Episcopalians came roughly equally from the north-east Scottish Lowlands north of the River Tay and from the Highland clans In the '45 the Jacobite forces were joined by about 250 English Episcopalians, and at Culloden by 800 men from the Écossais Royeaux (Royal Scots) and Irish Brigade Regiments of the French army.

• It is often mistaken to be a war between England and Scotland. It was actually a bid to reclaim not just the defunct Scottish throne - but that of Great Britain as well as the Irish throne. - with support from Europe. Though donning Highland garb for psychological effect, the Jacobite army was made up of both Highland and (about one-third) Lowland troops, not to mention French and Irish troops.

• It is often mistaken that Lowlanders were forced to join the Jacobite army. Recruiting records show the Lowlands provided many volunteers, including some gentry. Jacobite support was strong in the north-east Lowlands. England also supplied some volunteers, including a small regiment. Indeed, Highlanders were probably more often pressed into service than Lowlanders. The act of pressing was not exclusive to the Jacobites; it was also used by most other contemporary armies, including the British Army.

• It is often said that the Jacobite army's organisation was a backward clan-based relic, with inexperienced commanders and untrained troops. The Jacobite army’s organisation was similar to that of most other contemporary armies. Many Jacobite commanders had seen service in various armies, and field commander George Murray was easily one of the best of the time. It is interesting to note that while Culloden was Prince Charles’s only defeat (caused by the decision to entrench and defend Inverness as Jacobite funds were very low), it was Cumberland’s only ever victory. While many Jacobite soldiers were of poor appearance, some without even shoes, they were among the most feared troops the British faced. The hardiness, individuality, and resourcefulness of Highlanders made them known as some of the best troops in the British Army.

• It is also said that London was never threatened by the Jacobites; In fact at that time, London had no significant defending forces and the Jacobite army was only two to three days march away. London officials had made evacuation plans for themselves.

• It is said that Jacobite soldiers were ordered to "give no quarter" at Culloden. That is what Cumberland’s troops believed, because that is what Cumberland told them after the battle: that an order to that effect, signed by the Jacobite General Lord George Murray, had been found on a prisoner. But the 'order' was apparently a forgery, which helped to dehumanise the Jacobite troops and perpetuate their image as savages. Many in Britain at once believed the story of a "no quarter" order, and many also thought it justified their own army’s uncommonly savage behaviour after winning the battle, when government troops abused and butchered many prisoners, wounded, and even onlookers (including children). To deepen the mystery of who wrote the alleged order, it has been persuasively argued that the 'forgery' was no such thing; that "Whoever wrote it cannot seriously have drawn it up with a view to passing it off as genuine orders issued by Lord George." On the contrary, the inserted command "to give no Quarters to the Electors Troops on any account whatsoever" may genuinely have been found on the official, signed orders in a Jacobite prisoner's pocket; it may indeed have been interpolated by a Jacobite hand, and Cumberland may have been sincere when he announced the discovery of the apparently incriminating document to his outraged army. After issuing instructions for the coming battle, Lord George Murray tried to pre-empt it by leading a bungled attempt to ambush the Hanoverian army in their tents as they slept. He refused to give any separate orders for this attack because "everybody knew what he had to do": that is, "to cut the tent strings and pull down the poles, and where we observed a swelling or bulge in the fallen tent there to strike and push vigorously” with “sword, dirk and bayonet". It is conceivable that a Jacobite officer, in the absence of any separate orders for the intended merciless night-attack, simply amended those he had already been given. (Speck, 148–155).

Nonetheless, in the morning the exhausted Jacobite soldiers were certainly not ordered to “give no quarter” at the Battle of Culloden itself. Clan Sutherland is a Scottish clan whose traditional territory is located in the region of Sutherland in northern Scotland and was for a time one of the most powerful Scottish clans. ... Campbell Clan Badge - In heraldry, a snarling Boars head may represent what are seen as the positive qualities of the boar, namely courage and fierceness in battle. ... MacKay Crest The Clan Mackay is an ancient and once powerful Scottish clan from the countrys far north in the Scottish Highlands, but with roots in the old province of Moray. ... Munro Crest: Dread God (Fear God) and a Golden Eagle Clan Munro is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan Ross Crest: Spem Successus Alit (Success Nourishes Hope) Clan Ross is a Highland Scottish clan. ... Clan Gunn Crest: Aut pax aut bellum (Either Peace or War) Clan Gunn is a Scottish clan associated with northeastern Scotland, including Caithness and Sutherland as well as the Orkney Islands. ... Clan MacLeod Crest. ... Grant Crest Castle Grant, from rear Castle Grant, Barbies Tower Castle Grant, from front Clan Grant is a Highland Scottish clan which inhabited land in Northern Scotland since 1316, although the clan is known to have existed farther back than that. ... The Scottish Lowlands ( an Galldachd in Gaelic ), although not officially a geographical area of the country, in normal usage is generally meant to include those parts of Scotland not referred to as the Highlands (or Gàidhealtachd), that is, everywhere due south and east of a line (the Highland Boundary... The word Episcopal is derived from the Greek επισκοπος epískopos, which literally means overseer; the word however is used in religious terms to mean bishop. ... The River Tay looking eastwards from Perth The River Tay, in terms of flow (193 kilometres or 120 miles), is the longest river in Scotland. ... Official name The Royal Scots (The Royal Regiment) Colonel-in-Chief Honorary-General HRH Mary, Princess Royal (1918) HRH Anne, Princess Royal (1983) Nicknames Pontius Pilates Bodyguard Motto Nemo me impune lacessit (Nobody touches me with impunity) Anniversaries Marches Quick March: Dumbartons Drums Slow March: Garb of Old... The Irish Brigade was a brigade in the French army composed of Irish exiles. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Cultural references

• Walter Scott's first novel Waverley revolves around the 'Forty Five rising, featuring a vivid description of the Battle of Prestonpans and a description of the Jacobite stronghold of Doune Castle.
• In the Doctor Who adventure Terror of the Zygons, the Fourth Doctor (played by Tom Baker) eats his oatmeal with only a pinch of salt, while saying he acquired a taste for it during the Jacobite Rebellions.
• In the Master of Ballantrae by Robert Louis Stevenson a family decides that the two sons will take opposing sides in the 'Forty Five rising to preserve the estates whoever wins. Kidnapped is based on real events in the aftermath of the rising.
• The events of the rebellion inspired the song "Crua Chan" by Sumo.
• The events of the First Jacobite Rising are recounted in the song "Eleventh Earl of Mar" by Genesis from their Wind & Wuthering album.

Portrait of Sir Walter Scott, by Sir Edwin Henry Landseer Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a prolific Scottish historical novelist and poet popular throughout Europe during his time. ... Waverley is a novel by Sir Walter Scott. ... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders John Cope Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ... Doune Castle sited above the River Teith. ... Doctor Who is a long-running British science fiction television programme (and 1996 television movie) produced by the BBC about the adventures of a mysterious time-traveller known as The Doctor, who explores time and space with his companions, solving problems and righting wrongs. ... The Fourth Doctor is the name given to the fourth incarnation of the Doctor seen on screen in the long-running BBC television science-fiction series Doctor Who. ... For other persons named Tom Baker, see Tom Baker (disambiguation). ... The Master of Ballantrae: A Winters Tale is a book by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson, focusing upon the conflict of two brothers, Scottish noblemen whose family is torn apart by the Jacobite rising of 1745. ... Robert Louis Stevenson Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson (November 13, 1850 – December 3, 1894), was a Scottish novelist, poet, and travel writer, and a leading representative of Neo-romanticism in English literature. ... Sumo was a 1980s rock and reggae band from Argentina. ... Genesis is a Grammy Award-winning English progressive rock band who formed in 1967. ... Wind & Wuthering is the eighth album by British progressive rock band Genesis, officially released in the first week of 1977, though it was rush-released a week earlier in the United States. ...

External links

• Jacobite Campaign Manuscripts - Primary Sources (Scanned Letters, including contemporary account of Battle of Culloden)
• The Jacobites
• The Jacobite Heritage
• General History of the Highlands
• Ascanius; or, the Young Adventurer

See also

• British military history
• UK topics

British military history is a long and varied topic, extending from the prehistoric and ancient historic period, through the Roman invasions of Julius Cæsar and Claudius and subsequent Roman occupation; warfare in the Mediaeval period, including the invasions of the Saxons and the Vikings in the Early Middle Ages... This is a list of topics related to the United Kingdom. ...

References

• Brian Lavery (2001). Maritime Scotland. B T Batsford Ltd.. ISBN 0-7134-8520-5. 
• Fitzroy MacLean (1991). Scotland, A Concise History. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-27706-0. 
• Fitzroy Maclean (1989). Bonnie Prince Charlie. Canongate Books Ltd.. ISBN 0-86241-568-3. 
• Murray G. H. Pittock (1995). The Myth of the Jacobite Clans. Edinburgh University Press. 
• John Prebble (1973). The Lion in the North. Penguin Books. 
• W. A. Speck (1981). The Butcher: The Duke of Cumberland and the Suppression of the 45. Blackwell. 
• Daniel Szechi (1994). The Jacobites. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-3774-3.