NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán

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Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán was the democratically-elected, left-wing reformist The President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1851, when that title was assumed by José Rafael Carrera, who had been acting as head of government as general and Caudillo since 1840. Earlier, Guatemala had been a state within the United Provinces of... President of Guatemala. Overthrown in a CIA-led coup, he was replaced by a military junta that proved to be one of the bloodiest in the region.

Colonel Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán ( September 14 is the 257th day of the year (258th in leap years). There are 108 days remaining. Events 786 - Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi 1752 - The British Empire adopts the Gregorian calendar, skipping eleven days (September 2 was followed... September 14, 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. (click on link for calendar) Events January-March January 30 - House of Lords rejects Irish Home Rule Bill February 1 - New York Citys Grand Central Terminal opens as the worlds largest train station. February 3 - The 16th Amendment to the... 1913 – January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. There are 338 days remaining (339 in leap years). Events 98 Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. 1186 - Henry VI, the son and heir of the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, married Constance of... January 27, 1971 is a common year starting on Friday (click for link to calendar). Events January January 1 - British divorce Reform Act comes into force January 2 - 66 die in stairway crush at Rangers v Celtic football match, Glasgow, Scotland. See Ibrox disaster. January 2 - A ban on television cigarette advertisements... 1971) was The President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1851, when that title was assumed by José Rafael Carrera, who had been acting as head of government as general and Caudillo since 1840. Earlier, Guatemala had been a state within the United Provinces of... president of Guatemala from Global Metrics Human security Major Armed Conflicts: Total Deaths in Battle: 700,000 people Violent Deaths caused by Government (Other than War): Violent Deaths caused by other humans: Juvenile Violent Crime: Political security Nations Holding Multi-party Elections: Percentage Living under a Fully Democratic System of Governance: Free Countries: Percentage... 1951 to 1954 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January events January 14 - The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator forming the American Motors Corporation January 14 - Marilyn Monroe weds Joe DiMaggio. January 15 - Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in... 1954, when he was ousted in a A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. It is different from a revolution, which is staged by a larger group and radically changes the political system. The term... coup d'état organized by the The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... U.S. This article is about the foreign intelligence service of the United States of America. For other uses of the term CIA, see CIA (disambiguation). The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is one of the three American foreign intelligence agencies, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals... Central Intelligence Agency and was replaced by a Augusto Pinochet (sitting) was an army general who led a military coup in Chile in 1973. A military dictatorship is a form of government wherein the political power resides within the military; it is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military. Like all... military junta headed by Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas (November 4, 1914_July 26, 1957) was president of Guatemala from July 8, 1954 until his assassination in 1957. A graduate of the national military academy, he participated in the coup that toppled president Jorge Ubico and General Federico Ponce in 1944. A supporter of assassinated Colonel Jacobo... Carlos Castillo Armas.

After his inauguration, Arbenz secretly met with members of the Communism is a term that can refer to one of several things: a social and economic system, an ideology which supports that system, or a political movement that wishes to implement that system. As a theoretical social and economic system, communism would be a type of egalitarian society with no... Communist Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT) in order to establish an effective Land reform (also agrarian reform) is the government-initiated or government-backed transfer of ownership of (or tenure in) agricultural land. The term most often refers to transfer from ownership by a relatively small number of wealthy (or noble) owners with extensive land holdings (e.g. plantations, large ranches, or... land reform program. Such a program was proposed by Arbenz as a means of remedying the extremely unequal In economics, land comprises all naturally occurring resources, such as geographical locations, mineral deposits, and even portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. In classical economics it is considered one of three factors of production, the other two being capital and labor. Because land is not produced, the market for land responds... land distribution within the country; in 1945 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). Events January January 5 - The Soviet Union recognizes the new pro-Soviet government of Poland. January 7 - British General Bernard Montgomery holds a press conference in which he claims credit for victory in the Battle of... 1945, it was estimated that 2% of the country's population controlled 72% of all arable land, but only 12% of it was being utilized.

While Arbenz's proposed agenda was welcomed by impoverished peasants who made up the majority of Guatemala's population, it provoked the ire of the upper landowning classes and factions of the military, who accused him of bowing to Communist influence. This tension resulted in noticeable civil unrest in the country.

This instability, combined with Arbenz's tolerance of PGT influence, caused the CIA to draw up a contingency plan entitled Operation PBFORTUNE was the name of a contingency plan drafted by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency in 1951 that outlined a method of ousting President Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala if he was deemed a Communist threat in the hemisphere. The plan was a precursor to Operation PBSUCCESS, codename for... Operation PBFORTUNE in Global Metrics Human security Major Armed Conflicts: Total Deaths in Battle: 700,000 people Violent Deaths caused by Government (Other than War): Violent Deaths caused by other humans: Juvenile Violent Crime: Political security Nations Holding Multi-party Elections: Percentage Living under a Fully Democratic System of Governance: Free Countries: Percentage... 1951. It outlined a method of ousting Arbenz if he were deemed a Communist threat in the hemisphere.

The The United Fruit Company (1899-1970) became prominent in the import-export trade of tropical fruit (notably bananas and pineapples) coming from Third World plantations and sent to the United States and Europe. The company is notorious as an archetypal example of multinational influence extending deeply into the internal politics... United Fruit Company (UFC), a U.S.-based corporation, was also threatened by Arbenz's land reform initiative. The UFC was Guatemala's largest landowner and while it left much of its land unutilized, it had significant financial interests in Guatemala. According to International law deals with the relationships between states, or between persons or entities in different states. It sub-divides into public international law, and private international law. When used without an adjective, international law generally refers to public international law, and this article concentrates on that meaning. Traditionally, international law... international law, fair compensation must be given for nationalized foreign holdings. The company was paid $600,000 based on land values it had declared for tax purposes. The company found the amount insufficient.

In Summary of notable events in 1952. Events January events January 8 - West Germany has 8 million refugees inside its borders. January 24 - Sudden heavy snowfall in Algeria. January 24 - Vincent Massey sworn in as first Canada-born Governor-General of Canada. February events February 2 - A Cuba moving northeast. The... 1952 the Communist Guatemalan Labor Party was legalized; Communists subsequently gained considerable minority influence over important peasant organizations, A union (labor union in American English; trade union, sometimes trades union, in British English; either labour union or trade union in Canadian English) is a legal entity consisting of employees or workers having a common interest, such as all the assembly workers for one employer, or all the workers... labor unions, and the governing political party. The CIA, having drafted Operation PBFORTUNE, was already concerned about Arbenz's potential Communist ties, and the UFC lobbied the CIA and the Order: 34th President Vice President: Richard Nixon Term of office: January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 Preceded by: Harry S. Truman Succeeded by: John F. Kennedy Date of birth: October 14, 1890 Place of birth: Denison, Texas Date of... Eisenhower administration to take action, raising similar concerns once its landholdings had been expropriated. In 1954 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). Events January events January 14 - The Hudson Motor Car Company merges with Nash-Kelvinator forming the American Motors Corporation January 14 - Marilyn Monroe weds Joe DiMaggio. January 15 - Mau Mau leader Waruhiu Itote is captured in... 1954, the administration decided to commission the CIA to sponsor a A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. It is different from a revolution, which is staged by a larger group and radically changes the political system. The term... coup d'état, code-named Operation PBSUCCESS (1954) was the CIA-organized covert operation that overthrew the democratically-elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán. The CIA armed and trained an ad-hoc Liberation Army of about 400 fighters in Nicaragua. Under the command of Colonel Carlos Castillo Armas, the Liberation Army invaded Guatemala... Operation PBSUCCESS (changed from its earlier PBFORTUNE title) that toppled the government; Arbenz resigned on June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 187 days remaining. Events 1700-1899 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden at the Battle of Poltava. 1759 - General James Wolfe starts siege of Quebec. 1844 - Joseph Smith, Jr... June 27, 1954 and was forced to flee. He initially sought exile in The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago in the northern Caribbean that lies at the confluence of the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. To the north are found the United States and the Bahamas, to the west Mexico, to the south the Cayman Islands and... Cuba, lived for a time in Prague (Praha in Czech) is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated on the Vltava river in central Bohemia, it is home to approximately 1.2 million inhabitants. (It can be derived from jobs statistics, however, that additional 300,000 work there without having registered as residents... Prague, and died in The United Mexican States or Mexico ( Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos or México; regarding the use of the variant spelling Méjico, see section The name below) is a country located in North America, bordered to the north by the United States of America, to the southeast by... Mexico in 1971.