Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis
First Lady of the United States
In office January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963
Preceded by	Mamie Eisenhower
Succeeded by	Lady Bird Johnson
Born	July 28, 1929(1929-07-28) Southampton, New York, U.S.
Died	May 19, 1994 (aged 64) (cancer) New York, New York, U.S.
Spouse	John F. Kennedy (1953–63) Aristotle Onassis (1968–75)
Relations	John Vernou Bouvier III and Janet Norton Lee
Children	Arabella, Caroline, John and Patrick Kennedy
Occupation	First Lady of the United States, Doubleday editor
Religion	Roman Catholic

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was the wife of United States President John F. Kennedy from 1953 to his death in 1963. She served as First Lady of the United States from 1961 until her husband's assassination. She was married to Aristotle Onassis from 1968 until his death in 1975. In later years she had a successful career as a book editor. She preferred her first name to be pronounced in the French manner (IPA: /ʒækˈliːn/).^[1] After her marriage to Kennedy she was known as Jacqueline Kennedy or Jackie Kennedy; upon her marriage to Onassis and thereafter she was known as Jacqueline Onassis, Jackie Onassis, or more informally as Jackie O. Simpsons redirects here. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 472 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (935 × 1187 pixel, file size: 167 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Official White House portrait of former U.S. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy. ... First Lady Laura Bush and former first ladies (from left to right) Rosalynn Carter, Sen. ... is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979) was the wife of General and President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961. ... Claudia Alta Lady Bird Taylor Johnson (December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)[1] was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969, having been the wife of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... This article is about the state. ... For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... Aristotelis Sokratis (also Ari) Onassis (in Greek, Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης) (January 20, 1900 – March 15, 1975) was the most famous shipping magnate of the 20th century. ... John Vernou Bouvier III (1892–1957) was a Wall Street stockbroker who was the father of the late former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and her younger sister, Lee Radziwill. ... Janet Norton Lee Bouvier Auchincloss Morris (December 3, 1907–July 22, 1989) was the mother of United States First Lady Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis; she often stood in for her daughter as hostess for official White House functions; although as a social climber, she often felt that her daughter... Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is the daughter of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline. ... John F. Kennedy Jr. ... For other persons named Patrick Kennedy, see Patrick Kennedy (disambiguation). ... First Lady Laura Bush and former first ladies (from left to right) Rosalynn Carter, Sen. ... It has been suggested that The Crime Club be merged into this article or section. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... For other uses, see President (disambiguation). ... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... First Lady Laura Bush and former first ladies (from left to right) Rosalynn Carter, Sen. ... Aristotelis Sokratis (also Ari) Onassis (in Greek, Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης) (January 20, 1900 – March 15, 1975) was the most famous shipping magnate of the 20th century. ...

Early Life

Jacqueline was born in Southampton, New York, in a world of wealth and privilege. She was the daughter of Wall Street Stockbroker, John Vernou Bouvier III and his wife Janet Norton Lee. She had a younger sister, Caroline Lee, born in 1933, and later known as Lee Radziwill. Southampton, New York is the name of three entities on Long Island in Suffolk County, New York in the United States. ... John Vernou Bouvier III (1892–1957) was a Wall Street stockbroker who was the father of the late former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and her younger sister, Lee Radziwill. ... Janet Norton Lee Bouvier Auchincloss Morris (December 3, 1906—July 22, 1989) was the mother of United States First Lady Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis; she often stood in for her daughter as hostess for official White House functions, although as a socially conscious woman, she often felt that her... Caroline Lee Bouvier Canfield Radziwiłł Ross (born March 3, 1933 in Southampton, New York) is an American socialite, public relations executive, and former actress, best known as Lee Radziwill. ...

The name "Jacqueline Lee" commemorated both sides of her family — "Jacqueline" celebrating three generations of "Jacks" on her father's side and "Lee" celebrating the surname of her maternal grandparents. In attempts to get on the social register both sides of her family were to make exaggerations about their heritage, with Bouviers making claims they descended from the royal Fontaines in France and the Lees declaring they were part of the "Virginia Lees".^[2] She was of mostly Irish, Scottish, and English descent; her French paternal ancestry is distant, with her last French ancestor being Michel Bouvier, a Philadelphia-based cabinetmaker who was her great grandfather. Specific to the United States, the Social Register is a directory of names and addresses of the powerful and wealthy individuals who form the social elite, though until recently not necessarily the political or corporate elite; inclusion in the Social Register was formerly a guide to the members of polite...

Jacqueline spent her early years between New York City and Easthampton, New York at the Bouvier Family estate "Lasata", where she became at a very early age an accomplished equestrienne. As a child, she also enjoyed drawing, reading, and writing poems. New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... East Hampton, New York can refer to: East Hampton (town), New York, a town in Suffolk County, New York, USA East Hampton (village), New York, a village in the town of East Hampton, Suffolk County, New York, USA Category: ... Lasata in 2007 Photos of Jackie at Lasata appear in Young Jackie Lasata was the girlhood summer home of First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis in East Hampton, New York until she was about 12. ...

Her father was a playboy whose womanizing led to her parents' divorce in 1940. While he never remarried, her mother married her second husband, Standard Oil heir Hugh D. Auchincloss, Jr. in 1942, and had two children with him, Janet Auchincloss Jennings and James Auchincloss. Jacqueline lived with her mother's new family, dividing her time between her stepfather's two vast estates, Merrywood in Mclean, Virginia, and Hammersmith Farm, in Newport, Rhode Island. In later years, Jacqueline's mother married Bingham Morris. Standard Oil was a predominant integrated oil producing, transporting, refining, and marketing company. ... Hugh Dudley Auchincloss, Jr. ... Boundaries of the McLean CDP as of 2003. ... Hammersmith Farm is located in Newport, Rhode Island and was the childhood home to Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis. ... Newport, Rhode Island Newport is a city in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Providence. ...

Education, introduction to society, and first job

Jacqueline entered Chapin in New York City in 1935 for kindergarten and the early years of grammar school. From 1942 to 1944 she attended the Holton-Arms School in Washington, DC through her first year of high school; she transferred to Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut for the remainder of high school, graduating in 1947. She spent her first two years of college at Vassar in Poughkeepsie, New York, and spent her junior year (1949-1950) in France at the University of Grenoble and The Sorbonne in a program through Smith College. She returned to The George Washington University in Washington, D.C., graduating in 1951 with a B.A in French Literature^[3] Holton-Arms is a prestigious independent college-preparatory school for girls in grades 3–12 dedicated to the “education not only of the mind, but of the soul and spirit. ... Miss Porters School, sometimes simply referred to as Farmington, is a preparatory school for girls, located in Farmington, Connecticut. ... Coordinates: NECTA Hartford Region Capitol Region Incorporated 1645 Government  - Type Council-manager  - Town manager Kathleen Eagen  - Council chairman Michael Clark Area  - City 74. ... Vassar College is a private, coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Founded as a womens college in 1861, it was the first member of the Seven Sisters to become coeducational. ... Poughkeepsie City of Poughkeepsie Town of Poughkeepsie Poughkeepsie, Arkansas This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Grenoble (Franco-Provençal: Grenoblo) is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. ... Inscription over the entrance to the Sorbonne The front of the Sorbonne Building Sorbonne Place The name Sorbonne (La Sorbonne) is commonly used to refer to the historic University of Paris in Paris, France or one of its successor institutions (see below), but this is a recent usage, and Sorbonne... Smith College is a private, independent womens liberal arts college located in Northampton, Massachusetts. ... The George Washington University (GW) is a private, coeducational university located in Washington, D.C., United States. ...

Jacqueline was named "Debutante of the Year" for the 1947–48 season. A debutante (or deb) (from the French débutante, female beginner) is a young lady from an aristocratic or upper class family who has reached the age of maturity, and as a new adult, is introduced to society at a formal presentation known as her debut or coming out. Originally...

In 1951, she took her first job as the "Inquiring Camera Girl" for The Washington Times-Herald. Her job was to ask witty questions of people she met in Washington, D.C. The questions and amusing responses would then appear alongside the interviewee's photograph in the newspaper. During that period she was briefly engaged to a young stockbroker, John Husted, but the engagement was called off after three months. The Washington Times-Herald was an American daily newspaper once published in Washington, D.C.. The Times-Herald was created by the 1939 merger of two former Hearst dailies, the Times (not to be confused with the current Washington Times) and the Herald. ... John G.W. Husted Jr. ...

Kennedy marriage and family

Jacqueline Kennedy at Hammersmith Farm in Newport, Rhode Island on the day of her wedding in 1953.

Jacqueline Bouvier and then Congressman John Kennedy were in the same social circle and attended the same functions several times between 1948 and 1952 including a wedding of a mutual friend on Long Island in 1948, a dinner party in May 1951 at the home of Charles and Martha Bartlett in Washington, DC, and a large event in Palm Beach, Florida in the winter of 1951. After her engagement with Husted was called off, the Bartletts hosted another dinner party on May 8, 1952 and her romance with Kennedy began. ^[4] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 408 × 599 pixels Full resolution (2424 × 3559 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 408 × 599 pixels Full resolution (2424 × 3559 pixel, file size: 1. ... Being largely seasonal, downtown Palm Beachs streets are virtually vacant in the summer. ... is the 128th day of the year (129th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

They were married on September 12, 1953, at Newport, Rhode Island. The wedding was considered the social event of the season with an estimated 700 guests at the ceremony and 900 at the lavish reception that followed at Hammersmith Farm. Her wedding dress was created by the Afro-American designer, Ann Lowe of New York City.^[5] The dress is now housed in the Kennedy Library in Boston, Massachusetts. is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Newport, Rhode Island Newport is a city in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Providence. ...

After a brief honeymoon, they returned to Washington, DC. Behind all the glamour, however, Jacqueline found it hard to adjust to the demands of political life and the pressure put on her by the Kennedy family. Her husband had serious health issues, suffering from Addison's Disease, and from crippling back pain from a wartime injury. He underwent two spinal surgeries which proved almost fatal due to complications. While he was recovering from the surgeries, Jacqueline encouraged him to write a book, Profiles in Courage, which is about several U.S. senators who had risked their careers to fight for the things in which they believed. The book was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for biography in 1957. Addisons disease(also known as chronic adrenal insufficiency, hypocortisolism or hypocorticism) is a rare endocrine disorder in which the adrenal gland produces insufficient amounts of steroid hormones (glucocorticoids and often mineralocorticoids). ... Profiles in Courage book cover Profiles in Courage is a book written by John F. Kennedy, describing acts of bravery and integrity by eight United States Senators from throughout the Senates history. ...

Jacqueline was fond of her father-in-law, Joseph P. Kennedy, and the affection was returned. He saw the great PR potential of her as a politician's wife. Jackie's relationship with Rose Kennedy was more distant. She was also close to her brother-in-law Bobby. Yet she was not fond of the competitive, sporty, and somewhat abrasive nature of the Kennedy clan. She was quieter and more reserved. She preferred to have time alone with John rather than with him and the entire family. The Kennedy sisters nicknamed her "the deb", and Jacqueline was always reluctant to join in the traditional family touch-football games. Once she broke her ankle in a game of touch-football with them. Joseph Joe Patrick Kennedy, Sr. ... Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy (July 22 , 1890 - January 22, 1995) married into the Kennedy family and became its matriarch in the second half of the 20th century, when its members helped shape American politics. ... Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also called RFK, was one of two younger brothers of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and served as United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964. ...

Eager to start a family, Jacqueline suffered a miscarriage in 1955 and gave birth to a stillborn baby girl in 1956, while her husband was away vacationing. This sad event led to a brief separation, but the couple reconciled and moved in a townhouse on N Street in Georgetown. Jacqueline successfully gave birth to a second daughter, Caroline, in 1957, and to a son, John, in 1960, both via Caesarean section. Georgetown is a neighborhood of Washington, DC, the capital of the United States. ... A caesarean section (AE cesarean section), or c-section, is a form of childbirth in which a surgical incision is made through a mothers abdomen (laparotomy) and uterus (hysterotomy) to deliver one or more babies. ...

Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis (July 28, 1929 – May 19, 1994) was the wife of John F. Kennedy from 1953 to 1963 and was known as Jacqueline Kennedy or Jackie Kennedy. ... {| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... {| style=float:right; |- | |- | |} is the 235th day of the year (236th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A car from 1956 Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Caroline Bouvier Kennedy (born November 27, 1957) is the daughter of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and his wife Jacqueline. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... John F. Kennedy Jr. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Carolyn Bessette-Kennedy (January 7, 1966 _ July 16, 1999) was born Carolyn Jeanne Bessette, the daughter of William J. Bessette and his then-wife, née Ann Messina. ... For other persons named Patrick Kennedy, see Patrick Kennedy (disambiguation). ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... There are two forms of respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS, which is acute (or adult) respiratory distress syndrome or infant respiratory distress syndrome which is a complication of premature birth. ... There are two forms of respiratory distress syndrome: ARDS, which is acute (or adult) respiratory distress syndrome or infant respiratory distress syndrome which is a complication of premature birth. ...

Candidate's wife

Jacqueline Kennedy campaigning alongside her husband in Appleton, Wisconsin, in March 1960

In January 1960, Senator John Kennedy announced his candidacy for Presidency of the United States, and began campaigning around the country. Jackie took an active role in the campaign, even speaking to grocery store shoppers over the PA system in one town. In Appleton, Wisconsin, she signed autographs for junior high school students, commenting that her signature would be more legible than Jack's. Campaigning in West Virginia hit Jacqueline the hardest, as she had not witnessed that degree of poverty before. Later, in the White House, when the need for new glassware came up, Jackie suggested that Morgantown Glassware from the impoverished state supply it. Image File history File links Jfk-appleton. ... Image File history File links Jfk-appleton. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Demonym West Virginian Capital Charleston Largest city Charleston Largest metro area Charleston metro area Area  Ranked 41st in the US  - Total 24,230 sq mi (62,755 km²)  - Width 130 miles (210 km)  - Length 240 miles (385 km)  - % water 0. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...

Shortly after, Jacqueline learned that she was pregnant and due to previous problem pregnancies, her doctor instructed her to stay at home. From Georgetown, Jacqueline helped her husband by answering thousands of campaign letters, taping TV commercials, giving interviews both televised and printed and by writing a weekly newspaper column, Campaign Wife, which was distributed across the country. She was assisted by her personal secretary, Mary Barelli Gallagher.^[6] See TV (disambiguation) for other uses and Television (band) for the rock band European networks National In much of Europe television broadcasting has historically been state dominated, rather than commercially organised, although commercial stations have grown in number recently. ... A television advertisement is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organisation that conveys a message. ... For other uses, see Interview (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Secretary (disambiguation). ...

First Lady of the United States

Celebrity status

Mrs. Kennedy, the president, André Malraux, Marie-Madeleine Lioux Malraux, Lyndon B. Johnson and Lady Bird Johnson having just descended the White House Grand Staircase on their way to a dinner with the French cultural minister, May 1962. Mrs. Kennedy wears a gown designed by Guy Douvier for Christian Dior.

In the general election on November 8, 1960, John F. Kennedy narrowly beat Republican Richard Nixon in the 1960 presidential election. Two weeks later, Jacqueline gave birth to a son, John, by Caesarean delivery. She toured the White House shortly after with Mamie Eisenhower walking her around the vast house, but never telling her there was a wheelchair for her use.^[7] At age 31, she was one of the youngest First Ladies in history, just behind Frances Folsom Cleveland and Julia Tyler. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (647x652, 52 KB) John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy with French Culture Minister André Malraux. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (647x652, 52 KB) John F. Kennedy and Jacqueline Kennedy with French Culture Minister André Malraux. ... André Malraux, French author, adventurer, and statesman André Malraux (November 3, 1901 – November 23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture. ... LBJ redirects here. ... Claudia Alta Lady Bird Taylor Johnson (December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)[1] was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969, having been the wife of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... Christian Dior (January 21, 1905 – October 23, 1957), was an influential French fashion designer. ... is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nixon redirects here. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Mamie Geneva Doud Eisenhower (November 14, 1896 – November 1, 1979) was the wife of General and President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and First Lady of the United States from 1953 to 1961. ... Frances Folsom Cleveland (July 21, 1864 – October 29, 1947), wife of Grover Cleveland, was First Lady of the United States from 1886 to 1889 and 1893 to 1897. ... White House portrait Julia Gardiner Tyler (July 23, 1820 - July 10, 1889), second wife of John Tyler, was First Lady of the United States from June 26, 1844 to March 4, 1845. ...

She was a stark contrast from her recent predecessors who were all much older. She was not only young and attractive, but intelligent and cultivated, and possessed an innate sense of style and elegance. Though she was sometimes criticized for her aloofness, expensive tastes, and European ways, the American public quickly took to her, and made her its idol. Like any First Lady, she was forced into the public spotlight with everything in her life under scrutiny. While she did not mind giving interviews or being photographed, she was worried about the effect it would have on her children. Jacqueline was determined to protect them from the press and give them a normal childhood.

Social success and relations with foreign leaders

Mrs. Kennedy planned numerous social events that brought the First Couple into the nation's cultural spotlight. She had also invited artists, writers, scientists, poets, and musicians to mingle with politicians, diplomats, and statesmen. She spoke fluent French. This appreciation for art, music, and culture marked a new chapter in American history. Jackie's skill at entertaining gave White House events the reputation of being magical. For instance, when she orchestrated a dinner at Mount Vernon in honor of Pakistan's President Ayub Khan, whom President Kennedy wanted to honor for his role in supporting the U.S. in a recent crisis, she banished large U-shaped dining tables, replacing them with smaller round tables that seated eight. Her social graces were legendary, as can be noted from the way she communicated with Charles De Gaulle in Paris and Nikita Khruschev in Vienna. The President's summit in Vienna turned out to be a disaster, but the Premier's enjoyment of Mrs. Kennedy's company was subsequently deemed one of the few positive outcomes. When Soviet Premier Khrushchev was asked to shake President Kennedy's hand for a photo, the Communist leader said, "I'd like to shake her hand first."^[8] This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... This article is about the person. ... Nikita Khrushchev in 1962 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (Russian: Ники́та Серге́евич Хрущёв) (nih-KEE-tah khroo-SHCHYOFF) (April 17, 1894 – September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ...

French influence in the Kennedy White House

Due in part to her French ancestry, Jacqueline had always felt a bond with France, which was reinforced by her education there. This was a love that would later be reflected in many aspects of her life, such as the menus she chose for White House State Dinners and her taste in clothing and love of ballet. She chose French interior designer Stéphane Boudin of Maison Jansen to consult on the White House Restoration and decoration of the private family quarters on the second and third floors of the Executive Mansion. Mrs. Kennedy recruited a Vietnamese-born French chef to become White House chef. State dinners in different countries follow different rules and are governed by different protocols. ... Stéphane Boudin, 1888–1967, French interior designer and president of Maison Jansen (House of Jansen) the Paris based international interior decorating office. ... The White House Red Room as designed by Stéphane Boudin during the administration of John F. Kennedy. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ...

White House restoration

The White House Blue Room as redecorated by Stéphane Boudin in 1962. Boudin chose the period of the Madison administration, returning much of the original French Empire style furniture.

The restoration of the White House was Jacqueline Kennedy's first major project. She was dismayed during her pre-inauguration tour of the White House to find little of historic significance in the house. The rooms were furnished with undistinguished pieces that she felt lacked a sense of history. Her first efforts, begun her first day in residence (with the help of society decorator Sister Parish), were to make the family quarters attractive and suitable for family life and included the addition of a kitchen on the family floor and rooms for her children. Upon almost immediately exhausting the funds appropriated for this effort, she established a fine arts committee to oversee and fund the restoration process; she also asked early American furniture expert Henry du Pont to consult. Image File history File links BoudinBlueRoom. ... Image File history File links BoudinBlueRoom. ... The Blue Room, looking toward the southeast. ... For other persons named James Madison, see James Madison (disambiguation). ... Sister Parish (born Dorothy May Kinnicutt, 1910-1994) was an American interior decorator. ... Henry Francis du Pont (1880-1969), was an American horticulturist and a member of the prominent Du Pont family. ...

Her skillful management of this project was hardly noted at the time, except in terms of gossipy shock at repeated repainting of a room, or the high cost of the antique Zuber wallpaper panels installed in the family dining room ($12,000 in donated funds), but later accounts have noted that she managed the conflicting agendas of Parish, du Pont, and Boudin with seamless success; she initiated publication of the first White House guidebook, whose sales further funded the restoration; she initiated a Congressional bill establishing that White House furnishings would be the property of the Smithsonian Institution, rather than available to departing ex-presidents to claim as their own; and she wrote personal requests to those who owned pieces of historical interest that might be donated to the White House. The Smithsonian Institution Building or Castle on the National Mall serves as the Institutions headquarters. ...

On February 14, 1962, Mrs. Kennedy took American television viewers on a tour of the White House with Charles Collingwood of CBS. In the tour she said, "I just feel that everything in the White House should be the best — the entertainment that's given here. If it's an American company you can help, I like to do that. If not — just as long as it's the best." Working with Rachel Lambert Mellon, Mrs. Kennedy oversaw redesign and replanting of the White House Rose Garden and the East Garden, which was renamed the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden after her husband's assassination. Jacqueline Kennedy's efforts on behalf of restoration and preservation at the White House left a lasting legacy in the form of the White House Historical Association, the Committee for the Preservation of the White House which was based upon her White House Furnishings Committee, a permanent Curator of the White House, the White House Endowment Trust, and the White House Acquisition Trust. is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see White House (disambiguation). ... Charles Collingwood (June 4, 1917 - October 3, 1985) was a CBS television newscaster. ... This article is about the broadcast network. ... The tulips are in full bloom in the Rose Garden at the White House, April 20, 2005. ... Spring in the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden. ... The wordmark of the White House Historical Association incorporates calligraphic script with serif capitals. ... The White House Red Room before refurbishment during the administration of Bill Clinton. ... The Curator of the White House, or less formally White House Curator, is head of the White House Office of the Curator which is charged with the preservation and study of the collection of art, furniture and decorative objects used to furnish both the public and private rooms of the... The White House Endowment Trust, sometimes also called the White House Endowment Fund, is a private, non-profit, tax-exempt fund established to finance the ongoing restoration and refurbishment of the state rooms at the White House, the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States. ... The White House Acquisition Trust is a private, non-profit, tax-exempt fund established to finance the purchase of fine art and decorative arts for the White House, the official home and principal workplace of the President of the United States. ...

Foreign Policy

Tour of France

Before the Kennedys visited France, a television special was shot in French with Jackie on the White House lawn. When the First Couple visited France, she'd already won the hearts of the French people, impressing Charles de Gaulle and the French public with her ability to speak French. At the conclusion of the visit, Time magazine seemed delighted with the First Lady and noted, "There was also that fellow who came with her." Even President Kennedy joked, "I am the man who accompanied Jacqueline Kennedy to Paris — and I have enjoyed it!" TIME redirects here. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

Tour of India and Pakistan

Pakistani President Ayub Khan and Jacqueline Kennedy with Sardar.

At the urging of John Kenneth Galbraith, President Kennedy's ambassador to India, Mrs. Kennedy undertook a tour of India and Pakistan, taking her sister Lee Radziwill along with her, which was amply documented in photojournalism of the time as well as in Galbraith's journals and memoirs. At the time, Ambassador Galbraith noted a considerable disjunction between Mrs Kennedy's widely-noted concern with clothes and other frivolity and, on personal acquaintance, her considerable intellect. Image File history File links Jackiesardar. ... Image File history File links Jackiesardar. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... For other uses, see Sardar (disambiguation). ... John Kenneth Galbraith John Kenneth Galbraith (October 15, 1908–April 29, 2006) was an influential Canadian-American economist. ... Caroline Lee Bouvier Canfield Radziwiłł Ross (born March 3, 1933 in Southampton, New York) is an American socialite, public relations executive, and former actress, best known as Lee Radziwill. ...

While in Karachi she found some time to take a ride on a camel with her sister.^[9] In Lahore, Pakistani President Ayub Khan presented Mrs. Kennedy with a much-photographed horse, Sardar (the Urdu term meaning ‘leader’). Subsequently this gift was widely misattributed to the king of Saudi Arabia, including in the various recollections of the Kennedy White House years by President Kennedy's friend, journalist and editor Benjamin Bradlee. It has never become clear whether this general misattribution of the gift was carelessness or a deliberate effort to deflect attention from the USA's preference for Pakistan over India.^[10] While at a reception for herself at Shalimar Gardens, Mrs. Kennedy told guests "all my life I've dreamed of coming to the Shalimar Gardens. It's even lovelier than I'd dreamed. I only wish my husband could be with me."^[11] While in Lahore, she had a friendly chat with Iranian Empress Farah Pahlavi, whom many compared to Mrs. Kennedy.   (Sindhi: , Urdu: ) is the largest city in Pakistan and is the provincial capital of Sindh province. ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ... This article is about a Pakistani military officer. ... For other uses, see Sardar (disambiguation). ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Benjamin Crowninshield Bradlee (born August 26, 1921) is the vice president of the Washington Post. ... The Shalimar Gardens (Urdu: شالیمار باغ), sometimes written Shalamar Gardens, were built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in Lahore, modern day Pakistan. ... Official State portrait of Empress Farah of Iran, taken during the visit of American president Richard Nixon to Iran on May 30, 1972. ...

Death of an infant son

Early in 1963, Jacqueline became pregnant again, and curtailed her official duties. She spent most of the summer in the Kennedy family's Cape Cod compound at Hyannis Port, where she went into premature labor on August 7, 1963. She gave birth to a baby boy , named Patrick Bouvier Kennedy, via emergency Caesarian section at Otis Air Force Base, five and one-half weeks early. Because his lungs were not fully developed, Patrick could not breathe and he was air-lifted to Boston Children's Hospital where he was placed in an oxygen-rich, pressurized room. He died of Hyaline Membrane disease (now known as Respiratory Distress Syndrome) on August 9, 1963. The couple was devastated by the loss of their infant son, and that tragedy brought them closer together than ever before. This article is about the area of Massachusetts known as Cape Cod. For other uses, see Cape Cod (disambiguation). ... Hyannis Port (or Hyannisport) is a small community on Cape Cod, Massachussetts. ... is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Patrick Kennedy, see Patrick Kennedy (disambiguation). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Childrens Hospital Boston is a childrens hospital located in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area of Boston, Massachusetts. ... is the 221st day of the year (222nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ...

Shortly after, Jacqueline, still despondent at the loss of Patrick, received an invitation, through her sister Lee, to a Mediterranean cruise aboard Aristotle Onassis's luxury yacht. Despite concerns of the President's entourage over possible bad publicity it might bring, Jacqueline and her sister went on the cruise along with Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. and his wife. Upon her return, feeling reinvigorated, she made her first public appearance at the White House in the middle of November 1963 and decided to accompany her husband on an official pre re-election campaign visit to Texas. The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ... Aristotelis Sokratis (also Ari) Onassis (in Greek, Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης) (January 20, 1900 – March 15, 1975) was the most famous shipping magnate of the 20th century. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ...

Assassination and funeral of John F. Kennedy

Main article: Assassination of John F. Kennedy

The Presidential limousine before the assassination. Jacqueline is in the back seat to the President's left.

On November 21, 1963 they left Andrews Air Force Base, first stopped in San Antonio, and then went to Houston where they toured NASA facilities. Their last stop that day was in Ft. Worth. After a breakfast the next day, November 22, with the Fort Worth Chamber of Commerce at The Hotel Texas, President and Mrs. Kennedy flew to Dallas's Love Field. A short motorcade was to take them to the Trademart where he was scheduled to speak. Jackie was seated next to her husband in the limousine when he was shot and mortally wounded in Dealey Plaza. Vice President Johnson and his wife followed in another car in the motorcade. After the President was hit, Jacqueline climbed out of the back seat and crawled toward the Secret Service agent who was at the back. After his death she refused to remove her blood-stained clothing, and regretted having washed the blood off of her face and hands. She continued to wear the famous stained pink suit as she stood next to Johnson on board the plane when he took the oath of office as President. She told Lady Bird Johnson, "I want them to see what they have done to Jack".^[12] John F. Kennedy The assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy, the thirty-fifth President of the United States, took place on Friday, November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, USA at 12:30 PM Central Standard Time (18:30 UTC). ... Image File history File links JFKmotorcade. ... Image File history File links JFKmotorcade. ... The Presidential State Car carrying President George W. Bush The Presidential State Car is a name that can be given to several limousines used by the President of the United States. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... Emblem of the AFDW Andrews Air Force Base (ICAO code KADW) is a United States Air Force base near Washington, DC and the home base of the U.S. presidential aircraft, Air Force One. ... Nickname: Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Counties Bexar County Government  - Mayor Phil Hardberger Area  - City  412. ... Houston redirects here. ... For other uses, see NASA (disambiguation). ... Fort Worth is the sixth-largest city in the state of Texas, located about 30 miles west of Dallas on the West Fork Trinity River and forming part of the Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex. ... is the 326th day of the year (327th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Dallas Love Field (IATA: DAL, ICAO: KDAL, FAA LID: DAL) is a public airport located five miles (8 km) northwest of the central business district (CBD) of the City of Dallas, in Dallas County, Texas, USA. The airport covers 1,300 acres and has three runways. ... Motorcade for the British Queen Elizabeth II in Koblenz 1964 A motorcade is a procession of cars carrying VIPs, especially political figures. ... Kennedy Assassination redirects here. ... Claudia Alta Lady Bird Taylor Johnson (December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)[1] was First Lady of the United States from 1963 to 1969, having been the wife of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ...

Jacqueline Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, John Jr., Caroline, and Peter Lawford depart the U.S. Capitol after a lying-in-state ceremony for John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 24 November 1963

Jacqueline took an active role in planning the details of the state funeral for her husband including the riderless horse and Lincoln catafalque on which his coffin rested in the Capitol rotunda. She led the nation in mourning as the President lay in repose at the White House and then lay in state in the Capitol. The funeral service was held for the President at St. Matthew's Cathedral. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery and Jackie was the first to light the eternal flame at the grave site, which had been created at her request. Lady Jean Campbell reported back to The London Evening Standard: "Jacqueline Kennedy has given the American people… one thing they have always lacked: majesty."^[13] Image File history File links ARC194186. ... Image File history File links ARC194186. ... Look up catafalque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An aerial view of the casket of JFK during his funeral at St. ... The Cathedral of St. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Evening Standard is a newspaper published in London. ...

Following the assassination, she stepped back from official public view. She was spared the ordeal of appearing at the trial of Lee Harvey Oswald, due to his murder while in police custody on November 24, 1963. She did, however, make a brief appearance in Washington to honor the Secret Service agent, Clint Hill, who had climbed aboard the limousine in Dallas to try to shield her and the President. Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was, according to four United States government investigations, the assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. ... is the 328th day of the year (329th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ... USSS redirects here. ... Secret Service agent Clint Hill riding behind the presidents limousine moments before Kennedy was shot. ...

Life following the assassination

A week after the assassination, the President's widow was interviewed in Hyannisport on November 29 by Theodore H. White of Life magazine. In that session, she compared the Kennedy years in the White House to King Arthur's mythical Camelot, commenting that the President often played the title song of Lerner and Loewe's musical recording before retiring to bed. She also quoted Queen Guinevere from the musical, trying to express how the loss felt. "Now he is a legend when he would have preferred to be a man." Hyannis is a village in the city of Barnstable, Massachusetts. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Theodore H. White (May 6, 1915 - May 15, 1986) was an American political writer and journalist whose book about the 1960 U.S. Presidential election became a surprise best-seller and won the Pulitzer Prize. ... A cover of Life Magazine from 1911 Life has been the name of two notable magazines published in the United States. ... For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation). ... This article is about the mythical castle. ... Lerner and Loewe is a designation for the musical comedy writing team of lyricist and librettist Alan Jay Lerner and composer Frederick Loewe. ... For other uses, see Guinevere (disambiguation). ...

The steadiness and courage of Jacqueline Kennedy during the assassination and funeral won her admiration around the world. Following his death, Jackie and her children remained in their quarters in the White House for two weeks, preparing to vacate. Johnson made several phone calls that were recorded via Dictabelt from the Oval Office to Jackie in the residence; the two also shared several letters and notes back and forth through messengers after the assassination. In the first call on December 2, 1963, she told him that she knew how rare it was to have something in a President's handwriting and that she now had more in his handwriting than she did in Jack's. The President encouraged her to come and visit with him to spend time talking. is the 336th day of the year (337th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see 1963 (disambiguation). ...

After spending the winter of 1964 in Averill Harriman's home in the Georgetown section of Washington, D.C., Jackie decided to purchase a luxury apartment at 1040 Fifth Avenue in New York in the hope of having more privacy for her children. She sold the home she had built in Atoka, Virginia, where she had intended to retire with her husband. She spent a year in mourning, making no public appearances, then zealously guarded her privacy. During this time, her daughter Caroline told her school teacher that her mother cried frequently. William Averell Harriman William Averell Harriman (November 15, 1891 – July 26, 1986) was a Governor of New York. ...

She perpetuated her husband's memory by visiting his grave site on important anniversaries and attending selected memorial dedications. These included the 1967 christening of the Navy aircraft carrier named USS John F. Kennedy (decommissioned in 2007), in Newport News, Virginia, and a memorial in Hyannisport, Massachusetts. In May 1965, Jacqueline Kennedy and Queen Elizabeth II jointly dedicated the United Kingdom's official memorial to President Kennedy at Runnymede, England. This memorial included several acres of soil given in perpetuity from the United Kingdom to the United States of America on the meadow where the Magna Carta had been signed by King John in 1215. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... Four aircraft carriers, (bottom-to-top) Principe de Asturias, amphibious assault ship USS Wasp, USS Forrestal and light V/STOL carrier HMS Invincible, showing size differences of late 20th century carriers An aircraft carrier is a warship designed to deploy and recover aircraft, acting as a sea-going airbase. ... USS (CVA/CV-67) (or Big John) is a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier. ... Hyannis is a village in the city of Barnstable, Massachusetts. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Location of Runnymede at grid reference SU998727 in the United Kingdom Runnymede is a water-meadow alongside the River Thames in the county of Surrey, England, associated with the signing of the Magna Carta and today the site of a collection of memorials. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the English charter issued in 1215. ... This article is about the King of England. ...

She oversaw plans for the establishment of the John F. Kennedy Library, which is the repository for official papers of the Kennedy Administration. Original plans to have the library situated in Cambridge, Massachusetts, near Harvard University, proved problematic for various reasons, so it is situated in Boston. The finished library, designed by I.M. Pei, includes a museum and was dedicated in Boston in 1979 by President Jimmy Carter, nearly 16 years after the assassination. The governments of many nations donated money to erect the library, in addition to corporate and private donations. The John F Kennedy Library The John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library is the presidential library and museum of U.S. President John F. Kennedy. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ... Harvard redirects here. ... Ieoh Ming Pei (貝聿銘 pinyin Bèi Yùmíng) is a Chinese American architect born in Suzhou, China on April 26, 1917. ... For other persons named Jimmy Carter, see Jimmy Carter (disambiguation). ...

Onassis marriage

On October 20, 1968, Jacqueline Kennedy married Aristotle Onassis, a Greek shipping tycoon, on Skorpios, Greece. Following this, her legal name was changed to Jacqueline Onassis. Four and a half months earlier her brother-in-law, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, had been assassinated in Los Angeles. At that point, Jacqueline feared that the Kennedys were being "targeted", and that she and her children had to leave the United States. Marriage to Onassis appeared to make sense: he had the money and power to give her the protection she needed, while she had the social cachet he craved. He allegedly ended his affair with opera diva Maria Callas to marry her. Jacqueline gave up Secret Service protection and franking privilege, to which a widow of a president of the United States is entitled, after her marriage to Onassis. is the 293rd day of the year (294th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Aristotelis Sokratis (also Ari) Onassis (in Greek, Αριστοτέλης Ωνάσης) (January 20, 1900 – March 15, 1975) was the most famous shipping magnate of the 20th century. ... Skorpios is an island in the Ionian Sea off the western coast of Greece. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Robert Francis Bobby Kennedy (November 20, 1925 – June 6, 1968), also called RFK, was one of two younger brothers of U.S. President John F. Kennedy and served as United States Attorney General from 1961 to 1964. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... For other uses, see Opera (disambiguation). ... Maria Callas in a casual moment, 1960s Maria Callas (Greek: Μαρία Κάλλας) (December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American born, Greek dramatic coloratura soprano and perhaps the best-known opera singer of the post-World War II period. ... Franking is also the passing of franking credits to shareholders in countries that have dividend imputation to reduce or eliminate double taxation of company profits. ...

For a time, the marriage brought her adverse publicity and seemed to tarnish the image of the grieving presidential widow. However, others viewed the marriage as a positive symbol of the "modern American woman" who would not be afraid to look after her own financial interests and to protect her family. The marriage initially seemed successful, but stresses soon became apparent. The couple rarely spent time together. Though Onassis got along with Caroline and John, Jr. (his son Alexander introduced John to flying; coincidentally, both would die in plane crashes), Jacqueline did not get along with stepdaughter Christina Onassis. She spent most of her time traveling and shopping. Alexander Onassis (20 April 1948-23 January 1973) was the only son of Aristotle Onassis and Athina Livanos (alternate spelling: Livanou), also known as Tina. ... Christina Onassis (Greek: ΧριστίνÎ