Jacques Alexandre César Charles, 1820

First flight by Prof. Jacques Charles with Ainé Roberts, December 1, 1783. Illustration from the late 19th Century.

Jacques Alexandre César Charles (November 12, 1746 – April 7, 1823) was a French inventor, scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (586x802, 130 KB) Summary Jacques Alexandre César Charles, French scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (586x802, 130 KB) Summary Jacques Alexandre César Charles, French scientist, mathematician, and balloonist. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 410 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (972 × 1422 pixels, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 410 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (972 × 1422 pixels, file size: 1. ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 316th day of the year (317th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Charles was born in Beaugency-sur-Loire, and made the first flight of a hydrogen balloon on August 27, 1783. On December 1, 1783, a mere ten days after the manned flight of the Montgolfier hot-air balloon, Charles with Ainé Roberts, ascended to a height of about 1,800 feet (550 meters) in his balloon "La Charlière". The balloon was destroyed by terrified peasants when he landed outside of Paris. is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 335th day of the year (336th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Montgolfier brothers, Joseph Michel Montgolfier (August 26, 1740 – June 26, 1810) and Jacques Étienne Montgolfier (January 6, 1745 – August 2, 1799), inventors of the montgolfière hot air balloon. ...

Montgolfier's principal scientific collaborator was M. Charles, ... who had been the first to propose the gas produced by vitriol instead of the burning, dampened straw and wood that he had used in earlier flights. Charles himself was also eager to ascend but had run into a firm veto from the King, who from the earliest reports had been observing the progress of the flights with keen attentiveness. Anxious about the perils of a maiden flight, the King had then proposed that two criminals be sent up in a basket, at which Charles and his colleagues became indignant.^[1] It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into sulfuric acid. ...

He developed several useful inventions, including a valve to let hydrogen out of the balloon and other devices, such as the hydrometer and reflecting goniometer, and improved the Gravesand heliostat and Fahrenheit's aerometer. In addition he confirmed Benjamin Franklin's electrical experiments. A hydrometer is an instrument used for determining the specific gravity of liquids. ... A goniometer is an instrument that either measures angles or allows an object to be rotated to a precise angular position. ... A Heliostat is a device that tracks the movement of the sun. ... An aerometer is a scientific instrument used to measure the weight and density of a gas or liquid. ... Benjamin Franklin (January 17 [O.S. January 6] 1706 – April 17, 1790) was one of the most well known Founding Fathers of the United States. ...

Around 1787 he discovered Charles' Law, which states that under constant pressure, an ideal gas' volume is proportional to its absolute temperature. The volume of a gas at constant pressure increases linearly with the absolute temperature of the gas. The formula he created was V₁/T₁=V₂/T₂. His discovery anticipated Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac's published law of the expansion of gases with heat of 1802. Wikibooks has more about this subject: Constructing school science lab equipment/Making Charles law tubes AARON IS SO COOL!!!!! Charles law (sometimes called the Law of Charles) is one of the gas laws. ... An ideal gas or perfect gas is a hypothetical gas consisting of identical particles of zero volume, with no intermolecular forces. ... Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac. ...

Charles was elected to the Académie des Sciences, in 1793, and subsequently became professor of physics at the Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers. He was married to a creole wife. He died in Paris on April 7, 1823. The French Academy of Sciences (Académie des sciences) is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. ... The Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers (CNAM) is a higher education establishment operated by the French government dedicated to providing education and conducting research for the promotion of science and industry. ... Look up Creole, creole in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... April 7 is the 97th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (98th in leap years). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• Jacques Alexandre César Charles. U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission. Accessed February 23, 2007.

1. ^ S. Schama (1989), Citizens, p. 125-6.