Jacques René Hébert

Jacques René Hébert (November 15, 1757 - March 24, 1794) was editor of the extreme radical newspaper Le Père Duchesne during the French Revolution. His followers are generally referred to in English as the "Hébertists". He himself is sometimes called "Père Duchesne", after his newspaper. This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or more. ... November 15 is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 46 days remaining. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... 1794 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Le Père Duchesne was an extreme radical newspaper during the French Revolution edited by Jacques Hébert. ... The period of the French Revolution in the history of France covers the years between 1789 and 1799, in which democrats and republicans overthrew the absolute monarchy and the Roman Catholic Church was forced to undergo radical restructuring. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Hébert's influence was mainly due to his articles in his journal Le Père Duchesne, which appeared from 1790 to 1794. These articles, while not lacking in a certain cleverness, were violent and abusive, and purposely couched in foul language in order to appeal to the mob.

Life

Born 1757 at Alençon, Orne, where his father, who kept a goldsmith's shop, had held some municipal office. His family was ruined, however, by a lawsuit while he was still young, and Hébert came to Paris, where in his struggle against poverty he endured great hardships; the accusations of theft directed against him later by Camille Desmoulins were, however, without foundation. In 1790 he attracted attention by some pamphlets, and became a prominent member of the club of the Cordeliers in 1791. During the insurrection of August 10, 1792 he was a member of the revolutionary Commune of Paris, and became second substitute of the procureur of the Commune on December 2, 1792. His violent attacks on the Girondists led to his arrest on May 24, 1793, but he was released owing to the threatening attitude of the mob. Henceforth very popular, Hébert organized with Pierre Gaspard Chaumette the worship of Reason, in opposition to the theistic cult of the Supreme Being inaugurated by Robespierre, against whom he tried to excite a popular movement. The failure of this brought about the arrest of the Hébertists, or enragés, as his partisans were called. Alençon is a town in Normandy, France, préfecture (capital) of the Orne département, 105 miles west of Paris. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Camille Desmoulins Lucie Simplice Camille Benoist Desmoulins (March 2, 1760 - April 5, 1794) was a French journalist and politician who played an important part in the French Revolution. ... 1790 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Cordeliers, also known as the Club of the Cordeliers and formally as the Society of the Friends of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen comprised a populist society during the French Revolution. ... 1791 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... On August 10, 1792, during the French Revolution, a mob – with the backing of a new municipal government of Paris that came to be known as the insurrectionary Paris Commune – besieged the Tuileries palace. ... August 10 is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1789 until 1795, and especially from 1792 until 1795. ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Girondists (in French Girondins, and sometimes Brissotins), comprised a political faction in France within the Legislative Assembly and the National Convention during the French Revolution. ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... 1793 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Pierre Gaspard Chamette (1763 - April 13, 1794) was a French revolutionary. ... This article was a word for word copy of an entry in the Rotten Library here ... The Cult of the Supreme Being was a religion based on deism created by Maximilien Robespierre, intended to become the state religion after the French Revolution. ... Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre, (May 6, 1758–July 28, 1794), known also to his contemporaries as the Incorruptible, is one of the best known of the leaders of the French Revolution. ...

Hébert and his immediate followers, though certainly not all his sympathizers, were guillotined March 24, 1794, among the few to fall afoul of the Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety for an excess of zeal rather than for any accusations of counter-revolutionary activity. His wife, who had been a nun, was executed twenty days later. Public guillotining in Lons-le-Saunier, 1878 Badische Guillotine Portrait of Dr. Guillotin The guillotine is a machine used for the application of capital punishment by decapitation. ... March 24 is the 83rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (84th in Leap years). ... Portrait of Maximilien Robespierre by Adélaïde Labille-Guiard, painted 1786. ... The Committee of Public Safety (French: le Comité de Salut Public), set up by the National Convention on April 6, 1793, formed the de facto executive government of France during the Reign of Terror (1793 - 1794) of the French Revolution. ...

References

This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica. Please update as needed. The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ...

The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, in turn, gives the following references:

• Louis Duval, "Hébert chez lui", in La Revolution Francaise, revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine, t. xii. and t. xiii.
• D. Mater, J. R. Hibert, L'auteur du Père Duchesne avant la journee du 10 août 1792 (Bourges, Comm. Hist. du Cher, 1888)
• F. A. Aulard, Le Culte de la raison et de l'etre supreme (Paris, 1892).