NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jadwiga Angevin

Jadwiga (February 18, 1374? – July 17, 1399) was a Polish monarch who reigned 1384 – 1399 and is venerated in the Roman Catholic Church as Saint Hedwig (Jadwiga) the Queen. She is the patron saint of queens and of united Europe. Jadwiga Queen of Poland, from The Gallery of Polish Kings, Jan Matejko (1838-1893) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait Jan Matejko, also Jan Mateyko (b. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (465x654, 145 KB) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (465x654, 145 KB) This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus 100 years or less. ... ÅÃ³dÅº (pronunciation: ), the second-largest city (population 776,297 in 2004) of Poland, lies in the centre of the country. ... 1900 (MCM) is a common year starting on Monday. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events June 24 - Dancing mania begins in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), possibly due to ergotism King Gongmin is assassinated and King U ascends to the Goryeo throne Births April 11 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (died 1398) Leonardo Bruni, Italian humanist (died 1444... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... Events September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468) Deaths January 4 - Nicolas Eymeric, Spanish theologian and... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) Deaths January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. ... Events September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468) Deaths January 4 - Nicolas Eymeric, Spanish theologian and... The Roman Catholic Church, (also known as the Catholic Church), is the ancient Christian Church led by the Bishop of Rome (commonly called the Pope). ...

She is known in German as Hedwig, in Lithuanian as Jadvyga, in Hungarian as Hedvig, and in Latin as Hedvigis. Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

House of Angevin (junior branch) Image:AngevinArms.png No file by this name exists; you can upload it. ...

Life

Appearance

Jadwiga, who would die aged 25, was reputedly a blonde, blue-eyed beauty. An exhumation performed in 1949 showed her to have been unusually tall for a medieval woman (180 cm — about 5'11"), with no evidence of physical deformity or disability. 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ...

Childhood

Jadwiga was the youngest daughter of Louis the Great of the House of Capet-Anjou, King of Hungary and Poland, and of Elizabeth of Bosnia. Both Jadwiga's mother and Louis', Elizabeth (daughter of Władysław I the Elbow-high), were descended from the House of Piast, the ancient native Polish dynasty. Jadwiga was a great-granddaughter of King Władysław I the Elbow-high, who had reunited Poland in 1320. Louis the Great. ... Angevin is the name applied to three distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire). ... The Piast dynasty is a line of Kings and dukes that ruled Poland from its beginnings as an independent state up to 1370. ... Wladislaus I on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus I the Short or Elbow-high (Polish: WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I Åokietek) (1261â€“1333), was a King of Poland. ... Events January 20 - Dante - Quaestio de Aqua et Terra January 20 - Duke Wladyslaw Lokietek becomes king of Poland April 6 - The Scots reaffirm their independence by signing the Declaration of Arbroath. ...

Jadwiga was brought up at the royal court in Buda, Hungary. In 1378 she was betrothed to Habsburg scion William of Austria, and spent about a year at the imperial court in Vienna, Austria. Their engagement was broken off, and after Jadwiga's death he married her cousin, Joan II of Naples. Jadwiga's father had also made an arrangement with future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg for the latter to marry either Jadwiga or her sister Mary (Sigismund eventually married Mary). Buda (German: Ofen) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... William of Austria, known as the Ambitious (born around 1370 in Vienna; died July 15, 1406 in the same place), was a Duke of Austria, and as a member of the Leopoldinian Line, regent of Carinthia, Styria and Carniola. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viËn]; Slovenian: Dunaj, Hungarian: BÃ©cs, Czech: VÃdeÅˆ, Slovak: ViedeÅˆ, Romany Vidnya; Croatian and Serbian: BeÄ) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Sigismund (February 14/15, 1368 - December 9, 1437) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 to 1437. ... Mary of Hungary (in Hungarian and Slovakian: Mária) was the second of three daughters of Louis I the Great of Hungary from the House of Angevin (Anjou). ...

Jadwiga was well educated and a polyglot, interested in the arts, music, science, and court life. She was also known for her piety and her admiration for Saints Mary, Martha, and Bridget of Sweden, as well as her patron saint, Hedwig of Andechs. Polyglot has several meanings: Look up Polyglot on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The property of speaking multiple languages A polyglot is a person that can speak many languages A polyglot is a book that contains the same text in more than one language, usually a bible such as the first... Mary anoints Jesus in Bethany in this icon. ... Mary anoints Jesus in Bethany in this icon. ... Saint Birgitta, also known as St. ... This article is about 13th century Saint. ...

Reign

Until 1370, Poland had been ruled by the native Piast Dynasty. Its last king, Kazimierz III the Great, had had no son and considered his male relations either unsuited or too young to reign. He therefore decided that his surviving sister Elizabeth of Poland and her son, Louis I of Hungary, should succeed him. Louis was proclaimed king, while Elizabeth held much of the practical power until her death in 1380. The Piast dynasty is a line of Kings and dukes that ruled Poland from its beginnings as an independent state up to 1370. ... Kazimierz III the Great. ... Events September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitrii Ivanovich defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols (the Golden Horde), stopping their advance at Kulikovo. ...

When Louis died (1382), the Hungarian throne was inherited by Mary. In Poland, however, the lords of Lesser Poland (Poland's virtual rulers) did not want to continue the personal union with Hungary, nor to accept Mary's fiancé Sigismund as regent. They therefore chose as their new monarch Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga. After two years' negotiations with Jadwiga's mother, Elizabeth of Bosnia — the Dowager Queen, who was regent of Hungary — and a civil war in Greater Poland (1383), Jadwiga finally came to Kraków and, aged 10, on November 16, 1384, was crowned King (sic) of Poland — Hedvig Rex Poloniæ, not Hedvig Regina Poloniæ. The masculine gender of her title was meant to emphasize that she was monarch in her own right, not a queen consort. Events End of the reign of Emperor Go-Enyu of Japan, fifth and last of the Northern Ashikaga Pretenders Emperor Go-Komatsu ascends to the throne of Japan John Wyclifs teachings are condemned by the Synod of London. ... Lesser Poland voivodship since 1999 Little Poland or Lesser Poland (Polish Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... A personal union is a political union of two or more entities that, internationally, are considered separate states, but through established law, share the same head of state â€”hence also whatever political actions are vested in the head of state, but no (or very few) others. ... // High public office A regent, from the Latin regens who reigns is anyone who acts as head of state, especially if not the monarch (who has higher titles). ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Chokei of Japan Emperor Go-Kameyama ascends to the throne of Japan Births Pope Eugenius IV Deaths March 1 - Amadeus VI of Savoy, Count of Savoy (b. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta KrakÃ³w Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 kmÂ² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... Events May / September 3 - Siege of Lisbon by the Castilian army, during the 1383-1385 Crisis Births Antoine, Duke of Brabant (died 1415) St Frances of Rome (died 1440) Khalil Sultan, ruler of Transoxiana (died 1411) Deaths January 1 - King Charles II of Navarre (b. ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ...

As child monarch of Poland, Jadwiga had at least one relative in Poland (all her immediate family having remained in Hungary): her mother's childless uncle, Władysław of Kujawy (d. 1388), Prince of Gniewkowo. Events Beginning of prosecution of Lollards in England The Battle of Otterburn between England and Scotland A Chinese army under Xu Da sacks Karakorum Births September 14 - Claudius ClaussÃ¶n Swart, Danish geographer September 29 - Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, second son of Henry IV of England (d. ...

Soon after Jadwiga's coronation, new pretenders to Jadwiga's hand appeared: Duke Siemowit IV of Masovia and Grand Duke Jogaila (Jagiełło) of Lithuania, the latter supported by the lords of Lesser Poland. In 1385 (when Jadwiga was eleven years old) William of Austria came to Kraków to consummate the marriage and present the lords with a fait accompli. His plan, however, failed and William was expelled from Poland while Polish bishops declared his engagement to Jadwiga invalid. That same year (1385), Jogaila and the lords of Lesser Poland signed the Union of Krewo whereby Jogaila pledged to adopt Latin Christianity and unite Lithuania with Poland in exchange for Jadwiga's hand and the Polish crown. Twelve-year-old Jadwiga and 36-year-old Jogaila — who had earlier been baptized Władysław — were wed in March 1386 at Kraków. This was followed by Jogaila's coronation as King of Poland, although Jadwiga retained her royal rights. In 1387, Jadwiga's mother Elizabeth was strangled by Horvathy supporters of her rival in Hungary. Emblem of Masovia Siemowit IV (also known as Ziemowit IV) (ca. ... Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital in Warsaw. ... ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... Events August 14 - Battle of Aljubarrota between the Portuguese under John I of Portugal and the Castilians, under John I of Castile. ... The Union of Krewo (or Union of Krevo) was a a political and dynastic agreement between Queen Jadwiga of Poland and Grand Prince Jagiello of Lithuania and the begining of the Polish-Lithuanian Union. ... Events Battle of Sempach: Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule End of reign of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta KrakÃ³w Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 kmÂ² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Events June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. ...

As a monarch, Jadwiga probably had little actual power. Nevertheless, she was actively engaged in her kingdom's political, diplomatic and cultural life. In 1387 she led a military expedition to reconquer the Duchy of Halych and in 1390 she began a correspondence with the Teutonic Knights. She had many Latin books translated into Polish for her. She also donated much of her wealth to charity, including the founding of hospitals. Among Jadwiga's accomplishments was the founding of a bishopric in Vilnius. Most importantly, perhaps, she donated her jewelry, dresses — even her royal insignia — to restore the Academy of Kraków, since called Jagiellonian University in honor of her and her husband. Download high resolution version (896x672, 63 KB)Sarcophagus of Saint Hedwig, Queen of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland. ... Download high resolution version (896x672, 63 KB)Sarcophagus of Saint Hedwig, Queen of Poland in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland. ... The Wawel Hill in Kraków Wawel (Polish Wzgórze wawelskie or for short Wawel) is the name of a lime hillock situated on the left bank of the Vistula in Kraków, Poland at an altitude of 228 metres above sea level. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta KrakÃ³w Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 kmÂ² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Events June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. ... Red Ruthenia (Old Slavonic, Russian and Ukrainian: Chervona Rus, Polish: RuÅ› Czerwona, Latin: Ruthenia Rubra or Russia Rubra) is the name used since the medieval times to refer to the area known as Eastern Galicia prior to World War I. // History Originally it was related to a certain territory between... Events Births December 27 - Anne de Mortimer, claimant to the English throne (died 1411) Domenico da Piacenza, Italian dancemaster (died 1470) John Dunstable, English composer (died 1453) Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Swedish statesman and rebel leader (died 1436) Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (died 1447) John VIII Palaeologus Byzantine Emperor (died 1448) Deaths... Teutonic Knights, charging into battle. ... Location Ethnographic region DzÅ«kija County Vilnius County Municipality Vilnius city municipality Elderate Number of elderates 20 Coordinates 54Â°40â€²N 25Â°19â€²E General information Capital of Lithuania Vilnius County Vilnius city municipality Vilnius district municipality Population (rank) 540,318 in 2005 (1st) First mentioned 1323 Granted city rights... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is a university in Krakow, Poland. ...

Death and inheritance

On June 22, 1399 Jadwiga gave birth to a daughter, baptized Elizabeth Bonifacia. Within a month, both the girl and her mother had died from birth complications. They were buried together in Wawel Cathedral. Her death undermined Jogaila's position as King of Poland, but he managed to retain the throne until his death 35 years later. June 22 is the 173rd day of the year (174th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 192 days remaining. ... Events September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468) Deaths January 4 - Nicolas Eymeric, Spanish theologian and... The Wawel Hill in Kraków Wawel (Polish Wzgórze wawelskie or for short Wawel) is the name of a lime hillock situated on the left bank of the Vistula in Kraków, Poland at an altitude of 228 metres above sea level. ...

It is not easy to state who was Jadwiga's heir in line of Poland, or Poland's rightful heir, since Poland had not used primogeniture, but kings had ascended by some sort of election. Descendants of Vladislav the Short (through Silesian dukes of Swidnica) included the then Emperor Wenceslas, who died without issue in 1419, as well as Silesian dukes of Opole and Sagan. And there were descendants of superseded daughters of Casimir III of Poland (d. 1370), such as his youngest daughter Anna, Countess of Celje (d. 1425 without surviving issue), and her daughter Anna of Celje (1380–1416) whom Vladislav Jagello married next but who also died childless. Emperor Sigismund himself was an heir of Casimir III, as eldest son of his mother Elisabeth of Pomerania, who was since 1377 the only surviving child of Elisabeth of Poland, herself the younger but only progenited daughter of Casimir III from his first marriage with Gediminaitis Aldona of Lithuania. The family possession of the principality of Kuyavia belonged to Sigismund, who was the heir with the strongest hereditary claims. However, the leaders of the country wanted to avoid Sigismund and any personal union with Hungary. Wenceslaus (German: Wenzel; sometimes known as the Drunkard, Czech: Václav IV) of the house of Luxembourg (born February 26, 1361, died August 16, 1419) succeeded his father Charles IV as Holy Roman Emperor (ruled 1378 - 1400) and as king of Bohemia (ruled 1378 - 1419). ... Events January 19 - Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... Casimir the Great Casimir III the Great (Polish: Kazimierz Wielki), (1310-1370), King of Poland, son of king WÅ‚adyslaw I Åokietek (Wladyslaw the Elbow High), 1305-1333 and Jadwiga of Gniezno and Great Poland. ... Events Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... Events Foundation of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Births John II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1470) Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (died 1483) Deaths January 18 - Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (born 1391) March 17 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (born 1407) May 24 - Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of... Events September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo - Russian forces under Grand Prince Dmitrii Ivanovich defeat a mixed army of Tatars and Mongols (the Golden Horde), stopping their advance at Kulikovo. ... Events May 30 - The Catholic Church burns Jerome of Prague as a heretic. ... Sigismund (February 14/15, 1368 - December 9, 1437) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1433 to 1437. ... Events January 17 – Gregory XI enters Rome. ... KUYAVIA (sometimes spelt Cuyavia; in German KUJAWIEN, in Polish KUJAVY) is a historical region of Poland, named after the pagan tribe of the Kujawier (name in German) still known there under that name in the tenth century AD. It is the northernmost part of Greater Poland, west of Masovia and...

Jadwiga's husband Vladislav Jagello kept her kingdom, and mostly because no claimant with clearly better stature appeared, he was never ousted, not even after the death of his second wife. He was eventually succeeded in Poland by sons of his last wife, who were not related to the earlier Polish rulers.

Legends and veneration

Buda (German: Ofen) is the western part of the Hungarian capital Budapest on the right bank of the Danube. ... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events June 24 - Dancing mania begins in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), possibly due to ergotism King Gongmin is assassinated and King U ascends to the Goryeo throne Births April 11 - Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (died 1398) Leonardo Bruni, Italian humanist (died 1444... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta KrakÃ³w Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 kmÂ² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... Events September 30 - Accession of Henry IV of England October 13 - Coronation of Henry IV of England November 1 - Accession of John VI, Duke of Brittany Births William Canynge, English merchant (approximate date; died 1474) Zara Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (died 1468) Deaths January 4 - Nicolas Eymeric, Spanish theologian and... The Roman Catholic Church, (also known as the Catholic Church), is the ancient Christian Church led by the Bishop of Rome (commonly called the Pope). ... In Catholicism, beatification (from Greek μακαριος, makarios) is a recognition accorded by the church of a dead persons accession to Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their name (intercession of saints). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the process of declaring saints. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... The Wawel Hill in Kraków Wawel (Polish Wzgórze wawelskie or for short Wawel) is the name of a lime hillock situated on the left bank of the Vistula in Kraków, Poland at an altitude of 228 metres above sea level. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as the saints day of that saint. ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... In several forms of Christianity, but especially in Roman Catholicism, a patron saint has special affinity for a trade or group. ... World map showing Europe Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiogeographic one. ...

Legends

From the time of her death, Jadwiga was widely considered a saint. Numerous legends alleging miracles were recounted to justify her sainthood. The two best known are those of Jadwiga's cross and Jadwiga's foot.

Jadwiga often prayed in front of a large black crucifix hanging in the northern aisle of Wawel Cathedral. Christ hanging on the cross is said to have spoken to her during one of these prayers. The crucifix, often called "Saint Jadwiga's cross", is still there, with Jadwiga's relics placed below.

According to another legend, Jadwiga took a piece of jewelry from her foot and gave it to a poor stonemason who had begged her for help. When the queen left, he supposedly noticed her footprint in the floor plaster of his workplace, even though the plaster had already been hardened before Jadwiga's visit. Her alleged footprint, known as "Jadwiga's foot", can be still seen in one of Kraków's churches.

Exhumations and sarcophagus

Jadwiga's body was exhumed at least three times. The first time was in the 17th century, for the purpose of construction of a bishop's sarcophagus next to Jadwiga's grave. The next exhumation took place in 1887. Jadwiga's complete skeleton together with a mantle and a hat were found. Jan Matejko made a sketch of Jadwiga's skull, which later helped him to paint her portrait (see above). (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Merenptah A sarcophagus is a stone container for a coffin or body. ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Jan Matejko , self-portrait Jan Matejko, also Jan Mateyko (b. ...

On July 12, 1949 her grave was opened again. This time Jadwiga was buried in a new sarcophagus founded by Karol Lanckoroński and sculpted in white marble by Antoni Madeyski in 1902. The queen is depicted with a dog, a symbol of fidelity, at her feet. The sarcophagus is oriented with Jadwiga's feet pointing westwards, unlike all other sarcophagi in the cathedral. Next to the sarcophagus, a wooden orb and sceptre, symbols of the queen's modesty and charity, are on display. July 12 is the 193rd day (194th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 172 days remaining. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Look up Orb on Wiktionary, the free dictionary The word Orb, from the Latin orbis circle, is another name for a round object, especially a disk or a sphere. ... A sceptre or scepter is an ornamental staff held by a ruling monarch, a prominent item of kingly regalia. ...

Veneration

Despite widespread veneration for Jadwiga in Poland, it was only on June 8, 1979 that Pope John Paul II prayed at her sarcophagus, and the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments officially affirmed her beatification on August 8, 1986. The Pope finally canonized her in Kraków on June 8, 1997. June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), born Karol JÃ³zef WojtyÅ‚a (May 18, 1920 â€“ April 2, 2005) reigned as pope of the Catholic Church for almost 27 years, from 16 October 1978 until his death, making his the second-longest pontificate. ... The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia that handles most affairs relating to liturgical practices of the Latin Catholic Church as distinct from the Eastern Catholic Churches and also some technical matters... In Catholicism, beatification (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek Î¼Î±ÎºÎ±ÏÎ¹Î¿Ï‚, makarios) is a recognition accorded by the church of a dead persons accession to Heaven and capacity to intercede on behalf of individuals who pray in their name (intercession of saints). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the process of declaring saints. ... June 8 is the 159th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (160th in leap years), with 206 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

See also

Categories: 1374 births | 1399 deaths | Polish monarchs | Polish saints | Queens regnant | Women in war In the first centuries of its existence, the Polish nation was led by a series of strong rulers who converted the Poles to Christendom, created a strong Central European state, and integrated Poland into European culture. ... The Jagiellon Era 1385-1569, was dominated by the union of Poland with Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty, founded by the Lithuanian grand duke Jagiello. ... Until 1795, Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes (ca. ... The Piast dynasty is a line of Kings and dukes that ruled Poland from its beginnings as an independent state up to 1370. ... Siemowit (also Ziemowit) was, according to the chronicles of Gallus Anonymus, the son of Piast and Rzepicha. ... Lestko (also Lestek, Leszek) is the second legendary duke of Poland, and son of Siemowit, born probably 930/940 Though proof of his actual existence is unclear, he had to have been a major figure in his time, due to the fact that before Poland existed as a state, the... SiemomysÅ‚ is the third legendary Polish duke, and said to be the father of Polands first historical ruler, Mieszko I. SiemomysÅ‚ is credited with leaving the lands known as Greater Poland to his son, who further expanded them during his reign. ... Reign From c. ... Reign 992 â€” 1025. ... Reign From 1025 until 1031 Coronation On December 25, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Bolesław I Chrobry Emnilda Consorts Ryksa Children with Ryksa Boleslaw Zapomiany Kazimierz I Odnowiciel Gertruda Date of Birth 990 Place of Birth ? Date of Death May 10... Bezprym (986-1032), the first-born son of king of Poland BolesÅ‚aw I Chrobry and his second wife, who came from Hungary (unknown name); he was deprived of throne of Poland due to giving it to his brother Mieszko II. In 1031, in alliance with Conrad II, Holy Roman... Reign From 1025 until 1031 Coronation On December 25, 1025 in Gniezno Cathedral, Poland Royal House Piast Coat of Arms Orzeł Piastowski Parents Bolesław I Chrobry Emnilda Consorts Ryksa Children with Ryksa Boleslaw Zapomiany Kazimierz I Odnowiciel Gertruda Date of Birth 990 Place of Birth ? Date of Death May 10... Kazimierz I the Restorer. ... BolesÅ‚aw II the Bold. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I Herman. ... Zbigniew of Poland (born after 1070, died 1112). ... BolesÅ‚aw III Wrymouth. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw II the Exile. ... BolesÅ‚aw IV the Curly. ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... Kazimierz II the Just. ... Leszek I the White. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III Spindleshanks. ... Leszek I the White. ... Mieszko IV Tanglefoot (Polish: Mieszko IV PlÄ…tonogi; Mieszko IV of RacibÃ³rz; ca. ... Leszek I the White. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III Spindleshanks. ... Konrad I Mazowiecki Konrad of Masovia (1187 - 1247, Polish: Konrad Mazowiecki) was Duke of Masovia, son of Casimir II of Poland (the Just) and Helen, princess of Moravia. ... Henryk I the Bearded. ... Henryk II PoboÅ¼ny Henry II the Pious, (Polish: Henryk II PoboÅ¼ny, b. ... Konrad I Mazowiecki Konrad of Masovia (1187 - 1247, Polish: Konrad Mazowiecki) was Duke of Masovia, son of Casimir II of Poland (the Just) and Helen, princess of Moravia. ... BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy Boleslaus the Chaste or the Shy (Polish: BolesÅ‚aw Wstydliwy) (21 June 1226 O.S. â€“ 7 December 1279 O.S.) was the son of Leszek the White. ... Leszek Czarny Leszek II the Black (Polish: Leszek II Czarny) ruled 1279-1288. ... See also List of Polish rulers Piast_dynasty Dukes of Silesia Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Wroclaw ... PrzemysÅ‚ II PrzemysÅ‚ II (October 14, 1257 â€“ February 8, 1296), was Duke of PoznaÅ„, Greater Poland, KrakÃ³w and Pomerania, and King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ... PÅ™emyslid coat of arms. ... Wenceslaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech: , Polish: WacÅ‚aw II Czeski) (September 17, 1271 â€“ June 21, 1305) King of Bohemia (1278 - 1305), Duke of Krakow (1291 - 1305), King of Poland (1300 - 1305). ... Wenceslaus III Premyslid (Czech and Slovak VÃ¡clav, Hungarian Vencel, Polish WacÅ‚aw), (October 6, 1289 â€“ August 4, 1306) was the king of Hungary (1301 - 1305) and king of Bohemia (1305 - 1306). ... The Piast dynasty is a line of Kings and dukes that ruled Poland from its beginnings as an independent state up to 1370. ... Wladislaus I on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus I the Short or Elbow-high (Polish: WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw I Åokietek) (1261â€“1333), was a King of Poland. ... Kazimierz III the Great. ... Angevin is the name applied to three distinct medieval dynasties which originated as counts (from 1360, dukes) of the western French province of Anjou (of which angevin is the adjectival form), but later came to rule far greater areas including England, Hungary and Poland (see Angevin Empire). ... Louis the Great. ... The Jagiellons were a royal dynasty which reigned in some Central European countries between the 14th and 16th century. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw II JagieÅ‚Å‚o. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw III of Varna. ... Reign 1446 - June 7, 1492. ... Reign September 23, 1492 - June 17, 1501. ... Reign December 12, 1501 - August 19, 1506. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, KrakÃ³w, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV JagielloÅ„czyk ElÅ¼bieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga... Reign From April 1, 1548 until July 6, 1572 Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Zygmunt I Stary Bona Sforza Consorts Elżbieta Habsburzanka Barbara Radziwiłł Katarzyna Austriaczka Barbara Giżycka Children with Barbara Giżycka Barbara Date of Birth August 1, 1520 Place... Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669). ... Henry III (French: Henri III; Polish: Henryk III Walezy; September 19, 1551 â€“ August 2, 1589) was King of Poland (1573-1574) and subsequently King of France (1574-1589). ... Anna Jagiellon. ... István) see: István Báthory Reign From December 9, 1575 until December 12, 1586 Elected On December 9, 1575 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On May 1, 1576 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Noble Family Bathory Parents Stephen Bathory Catherine Telegdi Consorts Anna Jagiellonka Children none Date... Reign in Poland September 18, 1587 â€“ April 19, 1632. ... Reign in Poland November 8, 1632 â€“ May 20, 1648. ... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, KrakÃ³w, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Constance of Austria Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna... Reign From June 19, 1669 until November 10, 1673 Elected On June 19, 1669 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 29, 1669 in the Wawel Cathedral, KrakÃ³w, Poland Noble Family WiÅ›niowiecki Coat of Arms Korybut Parents Jeremi MichaÅ‚ WiÅ›niowiecki Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska Consorts... Reign From May 21, 1674, until June 17, 1696 Elected On May 21, 1674 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jakub Sobieski Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children... Reign 1697 â€“ 1706, and 1709 â€“ February 1, 1733. ... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Reign 1697 â€“ 1706, and 1709 â€“ February 1, 1733. ... Reign From 1704 until 1709 and from 1733 until 1736 Elected In 1704 and 1733 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On October 4, 1705 in the St. ... Reign From 1734 until October 5, 1763 Elected In 1734 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 17, 1734 in the Wawel Cathedral, KrakÃ³w, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents August II Mocny ? Consorts Marie Josepha Children Frederick Christian Date of Birth October 7, 1696 Place of... For other persons named StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski, see StanisÅ‚aw Poniatowski. ...

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