NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Jakub Swinka

Jakub Świnka (died on March 4, 1314) was a Polish Catholic priest, the Archbishop of Gniezno and a notable politician and supporter of the idea of unification of all Polish lands under the rule of Wladislaus the Short. His Coat of Arms was Świnka. March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Pomerania | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

Biography

Little is known about the early life of Jakub Świnka, nor are his parents known. It is probable that Świnka was a descendant of a peasant family from Greater Poland or Silesia. His family started a career in Greater Poland, but with a limited success. It is known that his elder brother Sułek did not hold any official posts while his uncle Jan Świnka was mentioned in 1286 as the castellan of a tiny town of Spicymierz. Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ... Events Margaret I of Scotland became queen of Scotland, end of Canmore dynasty. ... A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. ...

Jakub Świnka must have joined the Catholic Church and it is also probable that he graduated from a law school (probably in Cracow or Prague). In 1270's he was promoted to the post of a cantor of the chapter in Gniezno. For his service to the Dukes of Greater Poland, most notably to Boleslaus the Pious and to Przemysł II he was awarded on January 8, 1294, with the village of Polanowo. The word Cantor can mean more than one thing: Cantor is another name for a Hazzan, a member of the Jewish clergy Cantor is the title of a member of a student society who is the main singer at a cantus Famous people named Cantor include: Eddie Cantor, singer & entertainer... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... According to the statute, constitution or last will of the Polish duke Boleslaus III the Wrymouth Poland was divided into the 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Cracow for the eldest to be the high-duke of all Poland. ... Boleslaus the Pious (born after 1221, died 1279), was a duke of Greater Poland (provinces of Poznan, Kalisz, Gniezno) He was born to Ladislaus Odonic Plwacz, duke of Greater Poland, and Jadwiga of Pomerania, daughter of Mestwin I, duke of Eastern Pomerania. ... Przemysł II Przemysł II ( October 14, 1257 – February 8, 1296), was a duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Catholicos of Armenia returns to Sis Pope Boniface VIII becomes Pope Births Charles IV of France Deaths John I of Brabant Roger Bacon – English philosopher and scientist Kublai Khan Categories: 1294 ...

In early 1271 the German archbishop of Gniezno Henry of Bremen abdicated and soon afterwards Świnka was chosen by the chapter as his successor. However, due to strong opposition to his rule it was not until 12 years afterwards when he was officially named the archbishop. Świnka was consecrated in Kalisz on July 30, 1283 and the results of the voting were accepted by Pope Martin IV on December 19 of the same year. The election of a Polish archbishop was seen by the rulers of Greater Poland as a chance to break the links with the Holy Roman Empire and on August 1, 1284, Duke Przemysł II granted the bishops of Gniezno with a privilege to mint their own coins. This strengthened their power significantly. Events Kublai Khan named his empire Yuan (元 yuan2), officially marking the start of the Yuan Dynasty. ... Motto: Młode Duchem Nastarsze Miasto w Polsce Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Rada Miejska Kalisz Mayor Janusz Pęcherz Area 88 km² Population - city - urban - density 160 149 - -/km² Founded City rights - - Latitude Longitude 51°45 N 18°04 E Area code +48 62 Car plates PK Twin towns - Municipal Website... July 30 is the 211th day (212th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 154 days remaining. ... Events June 1 - Treaty of Rheinfelden - Duke Rudolph II of Austria has to waive his right to the Duchies of Austria and Styria Teutonic Knights subjugate Prussia Sopot comes under the control of Gdańsk Gregory Cyprius becomes Patriarch of Constantinople Northern section of the Grand Canal of China is completed... Martin IV, né Simon de Brion ( 1210 - March 28, 1285), held the papacy from February 21, 1281 until 1285. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The crown of the Holy Roman Empire (2nd half of the 10th century), now held in the Vienna Schatzkammer. ... August 1st is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... Events June 26 - According to the Brothers Grimm and older sources, in this date the Pied Piper of Hamelin visits the town of Hamelin, resulting in ca. ... Przemysł II Przemysł II ( October 14, 1257 – February 8, 1296), was a duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ...

From the earliest days of his reign, Świnka faced a strong opposition to his rule. The most important issues were the problem of the diocese of Włocławek (to which belonged both the cities of Słupsk and Gdańsk) that was claimed both by the Polish bishop of Gniezno and the German bishops of Merseburg, and the struggle for dominance over the catholics in Poland between Polish and German hierarchs. The latter problem was seen as the most important, since several monasteries in Lower Silesia decided to break the links with its Polish-Bohemian province and apply for membership in the Saxonian branch of the Franciscan order. In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... Włocławek (pronounce: [vȗoʦwavek]) is a town in central Poland on the Vistula river, with population of approximately 123 000. ... Słupsk (pronounce: [swupsk], German Stolp) is a city in Middle Pomerania region and the capital of the region, in north-western Poland with some 100,000 inhabitants. ... The title given to this article lacks diacritics because of certain technical limitations. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... Merseburg is a city in the south of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Lower Silesian voivodship since 1999 Lower Silesia (Polish Dolny Śląsk, German Niederschlesien, Latin Silesia Inferior) is the north-western part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia in Poland, located along the middle Oder River and organized into Lower Silesian Voivodship, (Polish: województwo dolnośląskie) with capital Wrocław It was... With an area of 18,400 sq. ... The Order of Friars Minor (commonly called the Franciscans) is a mendicant religious order of men tracing their origin to Francis of Assisi and following the Rule of St. ...

To counter the expansion of German language, Świnka organised a synod that took place on January 6, 1285, in Łęczyca. During the meeting, he ordered all priests that were subject to his bishopry to give their sermons in Polish language rather than German. To further unify the church in Poland he also organised a series of synods held every couple of years, which served as a means to control the changes within the church. The synods were: German (called Deutsch in German; in German the term germanisch is equivalent to English Germanic), is a member of the western group of Germanic languages and is one of the worlds major languages. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine or administration. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Night watch created in Winchester, England - every householder patrols one night in turn The writ Circumspecte Agatis defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England Births Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan Pope Benedict XII Deaths March 28 - Pope Martin IV Categories: 1285 ... Łęczyca (in full The Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca) is a town in central Poland. ... A sermon is an oration by a prophet or member of the clergy. ... Polish (polski, język polski) is the official language of Poland. ...

As a politician, Jakub Świnka was a strong supporter of the idea of re-unification of Poland, divided onto separate duchies after the death of Boleslaus III the Wrymouth. To unify the Polish lands culturally and oppose the aggressive German culture, he strongly promoted the cult of Saint Wojciech, the first Polish catholic saint and one of the patron saints of Poland. To further his cause, he tried to diminish the tensions between the dukes of various parts of Poland and the catholic bishops. This was the case with bishop of Wrocław Tomasz Zaremba and the Duke of Silesia Henry IV the Righteous, whom Świnka wanted to re conciliate. Łęczyca (in full The Royal Town of Łęczyca, Polish: Królewskie Miasto Łęczyca) is a town in central Poland. ... January 6 is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Night watch created in Winchester, England - every householder patrols one night in turn The writ Circumspecte Agatis defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England Births Emperor Go-Nijo of Japan Pope Benedict XII Deaths March 28 - Pope Martin IV Categories: 1285 ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... Events December 14 -- Zuider Zee sea wall collapses, killing over 50,000 people End of the reign of Emperor Go-Uda of Japan Emperor Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan The Theravada Buddhist kingdom at Pagan, Myanmar falls to the Mongols. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in Leap years). ... Events King Edward I of England banishes all Jews from Britain. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Fushimi of Japan Emperor Go-Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan 21 July - Battle of Falkirk (1298): Englands Edward Longshank defeats William Wallaces Scottish rebels While in prison in Genoa, Marco Polo dictates his Travels to a local writer Births... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... Events Rhodes falls to forces of the Knights of St. ... External links Map of the feudal dissolution Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | 1086 births | 1136 deaths ... Adalbert (Czech: Vojtěch, Polish: Wojciech, Germanic equivalent Adalbert - the joy of warrior) was a 10th century bishop of Prague who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians. ... In several forms of Christianity, a patron saint has special affinity for a trade or group. ... . Wrocław, formerly Breslau (Polish Wrocław ( [:vrɔʦwaf]), German Breslau, Czech Vratislav, Hungarian: Boroszló, Latin: Wratislavia; many Polish documents in English use the spelling Wroclaw) is the capital of Silesia in southwestern Poland, situated on the Oder River. ... According to the statute, constitution or last will of the Polish duke Boleslaus the Wrymouth Poland was divided into the 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Cracow for the eldest to be the high-duke of all Poland. ... See also List of Polish rulers Piast_dynasty Dukes of Silesia Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Wroclaw ...

Jakub Świnka was also a strong supporter of Duke of Greater Poland Przemysł II. Until recently it was believed that Świnka was the main architect of an alliance signed in 1287 by the most notable dukes of Poland of the Piast dynasty, among them Henry IV the Righteous, Leszek the Black, Przemysł II and Henry III of Głogów. However, recent studies show that the ongoing conflicts between the dukes of various parts of divided Poland make the existence of such an alliance highly unlikely. According to the statute, constitution or last will of the Polish duke Boleslaus III the Wrymouth Poland was divided into the 4-5 hereditary provinces distributed among his sons, and a royal province of Cracow for the eldest to be the high-duke of all Poland. ... Przemysł II Przemysł II ( October 14, 1257 – February 8, 1296), was a duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ... Events December 14 -- Zuider Zee sea wall collapses, killing over 50,000 people End of the reign of Emperor Go-Uda of Japan Emperor Fushimi ascends to the throne of Japan The Theravada Buddhist kingdom at Pagan, Myanmar falls to the Mongols. ... The Piast dynasty is a line of Kings and dukes that ruled Poland from its beginnings as an independent state up to 1370. ... See also List of Polish rulers Piast_dynasty Dukes of Silesia Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Wroclaw ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Sieradz-Leczyca ...

However, after the congress of Kalisz, held in January 1293, such an alliance between Przemysł II, Wladislaus the Short and his brother Casimir I was indeed concluded. The three dukes agreed to support each other in the effort of retaking the lands of Lesser Poland conquered by Wenceslas II of Bohemia. Świnka was to become a full member of the alliance, probably responsible for propaganda and gathering support of the Pope and the catholic church. On January 12 he was also promised a huge reward if Kraków is taken: 300 golden coins a year from the salt mines of Wieliczka and additional 100 golden coins a year for three years after the victory. Motto: Młode Duchem Nastarsze Miasto w Polsce Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Rada Miejska Kalisz Mayor Janusz Pęcherz Area 88 km² Population - city - urban - density 160 149 - -/km² Founded City rights - - Latitude Longitude 51°45 N 18°04 E Area code +48 62 Car plates PK Twin towns - Municipal Website... Events May 20 - King Sancho IV of Castile creates the Study of General Schools of Alcala The Minoresses (Franciscan nuns) are first introduced into England Births Deaths Categories: 1293 ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Pomerania | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... Lesser Poland voivodship since 1999 Little Poland or Lesser Poland (Polish Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Wenceslaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech Václav, Polish Wacław) (September 17, 1271 - June 21, 1305). ... Bohemia Historical map of Bohemia Bohemia is also a place in the State of New York in the United States of America: see Bohemia, New York. ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada Miejska w Wieliczce Mayor Józef Duda Area 13,4 km² Population - city - urban - density 18 190 - 1357/km² Founded City rights - - Latitude Longitude 49°59 N 20°03 E Area code +48 12 Car plates KWI Twin towns - Municipal Website Wieliczka is...

On July 26, 1295, Jakub Świnka concluded his first major political victory: despite lack of papal acceptance, he crowned Przemysł II the King of Poland in the cathedral of Gniezno. Although the ruler controlled only a small part of the Polish domain, he was given a powerful weapon against the Bohemian rulers who also had claims to the Polish throne. Because of great authority of the bishop, the act of coronation was not questioned by any European ruler of the epoch. However, the reign of Przemysł II lasted only 7 months: on February 8, 1296, he was murdered in Rogoźno by the Brandenburgians. Following the treaty Kalisz, Świnka backed up Wladislaus the Short, whom he considered the strongest of the candidates to the throne of Greater Poland and Pomerania, and possibly the only ruler who could reunite Poland and liberate it of Bohemian influence. July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... Events Mongol leader Ghazan Khan is converted to Islam, ending a line of Tantric Buddhist leaders. ... Przemysł II Przemysł II ( October 14, 1257 – February 8, 1296), was a duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and King of Poland from 1295 until his death. ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events April 27 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated by Edward I of England. ... Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Categories: Poland-related stubs | Polish monarchs | Dukes of Pomerania | Dukes of Greater Poland | Dukes of Poznan | Dukes of Gniezno | Dukes of Kalisz ... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river...

Wladislaus assumed the power in Greater Poland and Pomerania, and added those lands to his tiny domain of Cuyavia. However, the struggle against other pretenders (Henry III of Głogów and Wenceslaus II of Bohemia) weakened his rule and finally led to a conflict with the Catholic hierarchy. Świnka broke the pacts he had with Wladislaus and on July 25, 1300, crowned Wenceslas II of Bohemia as the King of Poland. It is probable that he lost his belief in weak Wladislaus and saw the new king as the Slavic ruler who could be able to group all Polish lands in one hand. However, the new ruler adopted a pro-German position and started promoting germanised Silesians over Polish-speaking priests and politicians. By 1304 Wenceslas II also backed the German bishop of Kraków Jan Muskata in the struggle for separation of the diocese of Kraków from the bishopry of Gniezno, which only embittered the conflict. This led to yet another volte, after which Świnka resumed good relation with dukes of Cuyavia, relatives of defeated Wladislaus II. July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 159 days remaining. ... Events Beginning of the Renaissance. ... Wenceslaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wenceslaus II Premyslid (Czech Václav, Polish Wacław) (September 17, 1271 - June 21, 1305). ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... Germanisation as a verb means to expand the German language and culture. ... Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ... Events 20 July - Fall of Stirling Castle: Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold in the Wars of Scottish Independence. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... In some Christian churches, the diocese is an administrative territorial unit governed by a bishop, sometimes also referred to as a bishopric or episcopal see, though more often the term episcopal see means the office held by the bishop. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population - city - urban - density 757,500 (2004 est. ...

After the sudden death of Wenceslas II on June 21, 1305, Świnka yet again supported Wladislaus. It is not known how he reacted to the death of Wenceslas' son, Wenceslas III of Bohemia less than a year later. After a short fight, Wladislaus recaptured all his lands in Cuyavia, and then conquered Lesser Poland and Pomerania. Greater Poland, to which the city of Gniezno belongs, was conquered by Henry III of Głogów and Jakub Świnka moved to Uniejów and Łowicz, cities controlled by Wladislaus. June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 193 days remaining. ... Events Wenceslas III becomes king of Bohemia The Papacy removed to France following riots in the Papal State. ... Wenceslaus III Premyslid (Czech and Slovak Václav, Hungarian Vencel), (October 6, 1289 - August 4, 1306) was the king of Hungary (1301 - 1305) and king of Bohemia (1305 - 1306). ... Lesser Poland voivodship since 1999 Little Poland or Lesser Poland (Polish Małopolska, Latin: Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... Łowicz is a town in central Poland with 31,500 inhabitants (1995). ...

On March 20, 1306, Świnka restarted the conflict against Jan Muskata. This time the bishop of Kraków was not backed by the rulers of Bohemia who lost all their influence in Poland, while Świnka was strongly supported by Wladislaus. This led to Muskata being deprived of his post on June 14, 1308. The archbishop of Gniezno resumed his control over Lesser Poland. However, after 1311 there are no mentions of his political activity. It is probable that he retired due to old age and poor health. He died March 4, 1314 and was buried in St. George's Church in Gniezno. It took his protege, Wladislaus II another 6 years to reunite Poland and be crowned the King. March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in Leap years). ... Events March 25 - Robert the Bruce becomes King of Scotland June 19 - Forces of Earl of Pembroke defeat Bruces Scottish rebels at the Battle of Methven Philip IV of France exiles all the Jews from France and confiscates their property In London, a city ordinance degrees that heating with... June 14 is the 165th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (166th in leap years), with 200 days remaining. ... Events Henry VII is elected as king of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Events Bolingbroke Castle passes to the House of Lancaster. ... March 4 is the 63rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (64th in leap years). ... Events June 24 - Battle of Bannockburn. ... Motto: none Voivodship Greater Poland Municipal government Mayor Jaromir Dziel Area 40,9 km² Population - city - urban - density 71 040 none 1737/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1239 Latitude Longitude 52°32 N 17°36 E Area code +48 61 Car plates PGN Twin towns Anagni, Esztergom, Falkenberg, Saint... Wladislaus II on Jan Matejkos painting Wladislaus II Jagiello (Polish Władysław II Jagiełło, Lithuanian Jogaila, and in Belarusian as Jahajla (Ягайла)) (c. ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ...

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Biography