Saint James, son of Zebedee
Saint James the Elder by Rembrandt
Apostle and Martyr
Born	Unknown,
Died	44, Judea
Venerated in	All Christianity
Major shrine	Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Galicia (Spain)
Feast	July 25
Attributes	Scallop, traveller's hat
Patronage	Veterinarians, equestrians, furriers, tanners, pharmacists; Guatemala, Nicaragua, Spain, Santiago de Querétaro, Sahuayo
Saints Portal

Saint James, son of Zebedee (d. AD 44) was one of the disciples of Jesus. He was the son of Zebedee and Salome and brother of John the Evangelist. He is called Saint James the Greater to distinguish him from the other apostle named James (James, son of Alphaeus) (also known as James the Lesser). James is described as one of the first disciples to join Jesus. The Synoptic Gospels state that James and John were with their father by the seashore when Jesus called them to begin traveling.^[1][2] According to Mark, James and John were called Boanerges, or the "Sons of Thunder." ^[3] The Acts of the Apostles 12:1-2 records that King Herod had James executed by sword.^[4] Image File history File links Rembrandt_-_Sankt_Jakobus_der_Ältere. ... This article is about the Dutch artist. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      For other... For other uses, see Martyr (disambiguation). ... For alternate uses, see Number 44. ... Map of the southern Levant, c. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... Eastern Orthodox shrine Buddhist shrine just outside Wat Phnom. ... Location Location of Santiago de Compostela Coordinates : , Time Zone : (GMT+01) Western Europe / Paris Standard Time - summer: (GMT+02) Western Europe / Paris Daylight Saving Time General information Native name Santiago de Compostela (Galician) Spanish name Santiago de Compostela Postal code 15700 Website http://www. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organising a liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more saints, and referring to the day as that saints day. ... is the 206th day of the year (207th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Saint symbology was important to people who couldnt read because they can figure out what symbols mean. ... Genera See text. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ... Look up veterinarian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A young rider at a horse show in Australia. ... Main Entry: fur•ri•er Pronunciation: f&r-E-&r, f&-rE- Function: noun Etymology: alteration of Middle English furrer, from Anglo-French furrere, from Old French forrer to fur -- more at FUR 1 : a fur dealer 2 a : one that dresses furs b : one that makes, repairs, alters, or... Tanner is a surname, and might refer to Alain Tanner, Swiss film-maker Adam Tanner (Tannerus), Austrian Jesuit mathematician and philosopher Beatrice Stella Tanner, the British actress Mrs Patrick Campbell Charles Albert Tanner, Canadian politician Chuck Tanner, American baseball manager D.J. Tanner, fictional character from Full House Danny Tanner... The mortar and pestle is an international symbol of pharmacists and pharmacies. ... Latitude 20. ... Nickname: Athens of Michoacán Motto: Nation, Justice, Progress (Patria, Justicia, Progreso) Country Mexico State Michoacán Boroughs La Yerbabuena Rincón de San Andrés La Puntita Cerrito Colorado Foundation 1530 Government type Municipality Area    - City 128. ... Image File history File links Gloriole. ... For alternate uses, see Number 44. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Zebedee (zibhdi, the gift of God; Zebedaios) is a name used in several contexts: In the Bible, Zebedee was a Hebrew fisherman, the husband of Salome, and the father of James and John, two of the Apostles of Jesus Zebedee was a character in the popular BBC childrens programme... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... John the Apostle (Hebrew: Johanan ;Greek Ιωάννης, see names of John) was one of the twelve apostles of Jesus. ... James, son of Alphaeus was one of the Twelve Apostles. ... In the New Testament of the Christian Bible, gospels Matthew, Mark, and Luke are so similar that they are called the synoptic gospels (from Greek, συν, syn, together, and οψις, opsis, seeing). ... The Gospel of Mark (literally, according to Mark; Greek, Κατά Μαρκον, Kata Markon),(anonymous[1] but ascribed to Mark the Evangelist) is a Gospel of the New Testament. ... The Acts of the Apostles is a book of the Bible, which now stands fifth in the New Testament. ... Front and back of a Judean coin from the reign of Agrippa I. // Agrippa I also called the Great (10 BCE - 44 CE), King of the Jews, the grandson of Herod the Great, and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice. ...

His remains are said to be buried in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia (Spain). Saint James is the patron saint of Spain and is related to the reconquista in the role of moor-slayer. His burial town, Santiago de Compostela, is considered the third most holy town of Catholicism (after Jerusalem and Rome). The pilgrimage to the grave of the Saint has become the most popular pilgrimage for Western European Catholics from the early middle ages onwards; making him one of the patron saints of pilgrimage. Location Location of Santiago de Compostela Coordinates : , Time Zone : (GMT+01) Western Europe / Paris Standard Time - summer: (GMT+02) Western Europe / Paris Daylight Saving Time General information Native name Santiago de Compostela (Galician) Spanish name Santiago de Compostela Postal code 15700 Website http://www. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... The Way of St. ...

Saint James and Hispania

Santiago Matamoros

According to ancient local tradition, on 2 January of the year AD 40, the Virgin Mary appeared to James on the bank of the Ebro River at Caesaraugusta, while he was preaching the Gospel in Spain. She appeared upon a pillar, Nuestra Señora del Pilar, and that pillar is conserved and venerated within the present Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar, in Zaragoza, Spain. Following that apparition, St James returned to Judea, where he was beheaded by King Herod Agrippa I in the year 44. ^{[5] [6]} Download high resolution version (765x733, 100 KB)Statue of Saint James the Great as the Moor slayer. ... Download high resolution version (765x733, 100 KB)Statue of Saint James the Great as the Moor slayer. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Roman Empire Caligula embarks on a campaign to conquer Britain, and fails miserably. ... The term Virgin Mary has several different meanings: Mary, the mother of Jesus, the historical and multi-denominational concept of Mary Blessed Virgin Mary, the Roman Catholic theological and doctrinal concept of Mary Marian apparitions shrines to the Virgin Mary Virgin Mary in Islam, the Islamic theological and doctrinal concept... For alternative meanings, see Zaragoza (disambiguation). ... Our Lady of the Pillar Nuestra Señora del Pilar (Spanish for Our Lady of the Pillar) the name given to Virgin Mary for her appearance in Spain, whose shrine (Nuestra Señora del Pilar Basilica) is in Zaragoza, Spain, by the river Ebro. ... Nuestra Señora del Pilar Basilica The basilica at night The Basilica-Cathedral of Our Lady of the Pillar or Nuestra Señora del Pilar is a Roman Catholic church in the city of Zaragoza, Aragon, of great importance in Spain. ... For other uses, see Zaragoza (disambiguation). ... This entry incorporates text from Eastons Bible Dictionary, 1897, with some modernisation. ... For alternate uses, see Number 44. ...

The translation of his relics from Judea to Galicia in the northwest of Iberia was effected, in legend, by a series of miraculous happenings: decapitated in Jerusalem with a sword by Herod Agrippa himself, his body was taken up by angels, and sailed in a rudderless, unattended boat to Iria Flavia in Spain, where a massive rock closed around his relics, which were later removed to Compostela.HI The 12th-century Historia Compostellana commissioned by bishop Diego Gelmírez provides a summary of the legend of St James as it was believed at Compostela. Two propositions are central to it: first, that St James preached the gospel in Spain as well as in the Holy Land; second, that after his martyrdom at the hands of Herod Agrippa I his disciples carried his body by sea to Spain, where they landed at Padrón on the coast of Galicia, and took it inland for burial at Santiago de Compostela. Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra and Gibraltar. ... A miracle, derived from the old Latin word miraculum meaning something wonderful, is a striking interposition of divine intervention by God in the universe by which the ordinary course and operation of Nature is overruled, suspended, or modified. ... Iria Flavia or simply Iria in Galicia, northwestern Spain, was a Celtiberian port, the main seat of the Caporos, on the road between Braga and Astorga, which the Romans rebuilt as via XVIII or Via Nova [1]. The Romans refounded it as Iria Flavia (Flavian Iria) to compliment Vespasian. ... Location Location of Santiago de Compostela Coordinates : , Time Zone : (GMT+01) Western Europe / Paris Standard Time - summer: (GMT+02) Western Europe / Paris Daylight Saving Time General information Native name Santiago de Compostela (Galician) Spanish name Santiago de Compostela Postal code 15700 Website http://www. ... Location Location of Santiago de Compostela Coordinates : , Time Zone : (GMT+01) Western Europe / Paris Standard Time - summer: (GMT+02) Western Europe / Paris Daylight Saving Time General information Native name Santiago de Compostela (Galician) Spanish name Santiago de Compostela Postal code 15700 Website http://www. ...

An even later tradition states that he miraculously appeared to fight for the Christian army during the battle of Clavijo during the Reconquista, and was henceforth called Matamoros (Moor-slayer). Santiago y cierra, España ("St James and strike for Spain") has been the traditional battle cry of Spanish armies. Battle of Clavijo a legendary battle in 844 AD in Spain between Christians forces led by Ramiro I of Asturias and Muslims, where Saint James is reputed to have aided the Christian Army. ... For other senses of this word, see Reconquista (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see moor. ... A battle cry is a yell or chant taken up in battle, usually by members of the same military unit. ...

A similar miracle is related about San Millán. The possibility that a cult of James was instituted to supplant the Galician cult of Priscillian (executed in 385) who was widely venerated across the north of Spain as a martyr to the bishops rather than as a heretic should not be overlooked. This was cautiously raised by Henry Chadwick in his book on Priscillian^[5] ; it is not the traditional Roman Catholic view. The Catholic Encyclopedia of 1908, however, records, "Although the tradition that James founded an apostolic see in Spain was current in the year 700, no certain mention of such tradition is to be found in the genuine writings of early writers nor in the early councils; the first certain mention we find in the ninth century, in Notker, a monk of St. Gall (Martyrologia, 25 July), Walafrid Strabo (Poema de XII Apostoli), and others." San Millán of Yuso Saint Emilianus, also known as Aemilianus, Aemilian, Millán of la Cogolla or de la Gogolla, Emiliano, and Emilian of Cucullatus, is a Spanish saint. ... Priscillian of Avila (died 385) was a Spanish theologian and the founder of a party which advocated strong asceticism. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Notker of St. ... The Abbey of St. ... Walafrid (also Walahfrid), surnamed Strabo (or Strabus, i. ...

17th century interpretation of saint James as the Moor-killer from the Peruvian school of Cuzco. The pilgrim hat has become a Panama hat and his mantle is that of his military order.

The tradition was not unanimously admitted afterwards, while numerous modern scholars, following Louis Duchesne, reject it. The Bollandists however defended it (their Acta Sanctorum, July, VI and VII, gives further sources). The suggestion began to be made from the 9th century that, as well as evangelizing in Spain, his body may have been brought to Compostela. No earlier tradition places the burial of St James in Hispania. A rival tradition, places the relics of the Apostle in the church of St Saturnin at Toulouse, but it is not improbable that such sacred relics should have been divided between two churches. Download high resolution version (1688x2296, 369 KB)Saint James the Great as a Moor-killer, painting by unknown artist of the Cusco school, presumably 17th century. ... Download high resolution version (1688x2296, 369 KB)Saint James the Great as a Moor-killer, painting by unknown artist of the Cusco school, presumably 17th century. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... This article is the city in Peru. ... Panama Hat made for Harry Truman Panama hats sold on a street market in Ecuador A Panama hat or just Panama is a traditional brimmed hat that is made from the plaited leaves of the panama-hat palm (Carludovica palmata). ... Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne (September 13, 1843 - April 21, 1922) was a French priest, philologist, and historian. ... The Bollandists are an association of Jesuit scholars publishing the Acta Sanctorum (the Lives of the Saints). ... Acta Sanctorum (Acts of the Saints) is an encyclopedic text in 68 folio volumes of documents examining the lives of Christian saints, in essence a critical hagiography, which is organised according to each saints feast day. ... Saint Saturnin (in Latin Saturninus, now Sernin in France and in Navarra Cernin), with a feast day entered for November 29, was one of the apostles to the Gauls sent out (probably under the direction of Pope Fabian, 236 - 250) during the consulate of Decius and Gratus (250-251 AD...

The authenticity of the sacred relics of Compostela was asserted in the Bull of Pope Leo XIII, "Omnipotens Deus," of 1 November 1884. Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810—July 20, 1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903, succeeding Pope Pius IX. Reigning until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, and had the third longest pontificate... is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The Catholic Encyclopedia (1908) registered several "difficulties" or bases for doubts of this tradition beyond the late appearance of the legend:

St James suffered martyrdom ^[7] in AD 44, and according to the tradition of the early Church, he had not yet left Jerusalem at this time.^[8] St Paul in his Epistle to the Romans written after AD 44, expressed his intention to avoid "building on someone else's foundation" ^[9], and thus visit Spain ^[10], presumably unevangelized. The Epistle to the Romans is one of the letters of the New Testament canon of the Christian Bible. ...

Saint James' cross

The tradition at Compostela placed the discovery of the relics of the saint in the time of king Alfonso II (791-842) and of bishop Theodemir of Iria. These traditions were the basis for the pilgrimage route that began to be established in the 9th century, and the shrine dedicated to James at Santiago de Compostela, in Galicia in Spain, became the most famous pilgrimage site in the Christian world. St James's Way is a tree of routes that cross Western Europe and arrive at Santiago through Northern Spain. Eventually James became the patron saint of Spain. Image File history File links Cross_Santiago. ... Image File history File links Cross_Santiago. ... Location Location of Santiago de Compostela Coordinates : , Time Zone : (GMT+01) Western Europe / Paris Standard Time - summer: (GMT+02) Western Europe / Paris Daylight Saving Time General information Native name Santiago de Compostela (Galician) Spanish name Santiago de Compostela Postal code 15700 Website http://www. ... Galicia (Spain) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... St James the Moor-killer. ... Saint Quentin is the patron saint of locksmiths and is also invoked against coughs and sneezes. ...

See also: Order of Santiago

The military Order of Santiago or caballeros santiaguistas was founded to fight the Moors and later membership became a precious honour. People like Diego Velázquez longed for the royal favour that allowed to put on their clothes the red cross of St James (a cross fleury fitchy, with lower part fashioned as the blade of a sword blade). 17th century interpretation of saint James as the Moor-killer from the Peruvian school of Cuzco. ... 17th century interpretation of saint James as the Moor-killer from the Peruvian school of Cuzco. ... For others named Velázquez, see Velazquez (disambiguation). ... The Cross of St. ... These crosses are ones used exclusively or primarily in heraldry, and do not necessarily have any special meanings commonly associated with them. ...

The Codex Calixtinus promotes the pilgrimage to Santiago.

The name "James" in English comes from "Iacobus" (Jacob) in Latin. In eastern Spain, Jacobus became "Jacome" or "Jaime"; in Catalunya, it became Jaume, in western Iberia it became "Sant'Iago", which developed into Tiago in Portugal and Galicia; Tiago developed into Diego, which is also the Spanish name of Saint Didacus of Alcalá. James's emblem was the scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his shrine often wore that symbol on their hats or clothes. The French for a scallop is coquille St. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusk) of St James". The German word for a scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which means "mussel (or clam) of St James"; the Dutch word is Jacobsschelp, meaning "shell of St James". Image File history File links Codex_Calixtinus_(Liber_Sancti_Jacobi)_F0173k. ... Image File history File links Codex_Calixtinus_(Liber_Sancti_Jacobi)_F0173k. ... Detail from the Codex Calixtinus Folio 4r, showing Saint James the Great The Codex Calixtinus is a 12th century illuminated manuscript formerly attributed to Pope Callixtus II, though now believed to have been arranged by the French scholar Aymeric Picaud. ... Look up James in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Jacob Wrestling with the Angel – Gustave Doré, 1855 Jacob or Yaakov, (Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: يعقوب, ; holds the heel), also known as Israel (Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל, Standard  Tiberian ; Arabic: اسرائيل, ; Struggled with God), is the third Biblical patriarch. ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin... Genera See text. ... Genera See text. ...

Saint James in the Kingdom of Judaiah

Saint James had a special place in the Central African Kingdom of Kongo because of his association with the founding of Christianity in the country in the late fifteenth century. Portuguese sailors and diplomats brought the saint to Kongo when they first reached the country in 1483. When King Afonso I of Kongo whose Kongo name was Mvemba a Nzinga, the second Christian king, was facing a ri al, his brother Mpanzu a Kitima, in battle, he reported that a vision of Saint James and the Heavenly Host appeared in the sky, frightened Mpanzu a Kitima's soldiers, and gave Afonso the victory. As a result, he declared that Saint James' feast day (July 25) be celebrated as a national holiday. The Kingdom of Congo (now usually rendered as Kingdom of Kongo to maintain distinction from the present-day Congo nations) The Kingdom of Kongo (c. ... Events The São Tomé settlement is founded. ... Afonso I (often spelled Affonso as he did in his own letters) Mvemba a Nzinga of Kongo (c1456 - 1542 or 1543), who reigned from 1509 to late 1542 or 1543, was the son of king Nzinga a Nkuwu, who was ruling in 1483 when the Portuguese arrived, and was baptized...

Over the years, Saint James day became the central holiday of Kongo. Taxes were collected on that day, and men eligible for military duty were required to appear armed. There were usually regional celebrations as well as one at the capital. In some cases, Kongolese slaves carried the celebration to the New World, and there are celebrations of Saint James Day in Haiti and Puerto Rico carried out by

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External links

• Catholic Encyclopedia: St James the Greater
• R. A. Fletcher, Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela Oxford University Press, 1984: chapter 3, "The Early History of the Cult of St. James"
• St James is the reason for the Camino de Santiago.

References