For the Olympic athlete, see James Connolly (athlete) For the Irish labor leader, see James Connolly (nationalist) James Brendan Bennet Connolly (October 28, 1868 – January 20, 1957) was an American athlete and author. ...

James Connolly

James Connolly (June 5, 1868 - May 12, 1916) was an Irish nationalist and socialist leader. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland to Irish emigrant parents. He left school for working life at the age of 11, but despite this he would become one of the leading left-wing theorists of his day. Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (672x1173, 709 KB)Irish Stamp, James Connolly File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Jump to: navigation, search Image File history File links Download high resolution version (672x1173, 709 KB)Irish Stamp, James Connolly File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search May 12 is the 132nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (133rd in leap years). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... An Irish nationalist is generally one who seeks (greater) independence of Ireland from Great Britain, including since 1921 the goal of a United Ireland. ... The color red and particularly the red flag are traditional symbols of Socialism. ... Jump to: navigation, search Edinburghs location in Scotland Edinburgh viewed from Arthurs Seat. ... Jump to: navigation, search Royal motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Scotlands location within the UK Languages with Official Status1 English Gaelic Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK...

He is believed to have joined the British Army at the age of 14, and was stationed in Dublin where he would later meet his wife. Jump to: navigation, search The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Jump to: navigation, search Dublin (Irish: Baile Átha Cliath), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Ireland, located near the midpoint of Irelands east coast, at the mouth of the River Liffey and at the centre of the Dublin region. ...

By 1892, he was an important figure in the Scottish Socialist Federation, acting as its secretary from 1895, but by 1896 he had left the army and established his Irish Socialist Republican Party (ISRP). While active as a Socialist in Britain Connolly was among the founders of the Socialist Labour Party which split from the Social Democratic Federation in 1903. He was right hand man to James Larkin in the Irish Transport and General Workers Union. In 1913, in response to the Lockout, he founded the Irish Citizen Army (ICA), an armed and well-trained body of labour men whose aim was to defend workers and strikers, particularly from the frequent brutality of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. Though they only numbered about 250 at most, their goal soon became the establishment of an independent and socialist Irish nation. Jump to: navigation, search 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search The Scottish Socialist Federation was a political party founded by supporters of the Social Democratic Federation in Edinburgh in 1888. ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Irish Socialist Republican Party was an Irish political party founded in 1896 by James Connolly. ... The Socialist Labour Party was a socialist political party in the United Kingdom. ... This article is about the British political party. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1903 has the latest occurring solstices and equinoxes for 400 years, because the Gregorian calendar hasnt had a leap year for seven years or a century leap year since 1600. ... Statue of James Larkin on OConnell Street (Oisín Kelly 1977) James (Big Jim) Larkin (1874-1947), an Irish trade union leader and socialist activist was born in Liverpool, England on 28 January 1874, of Irish parents. ... The Irish Transport and General Workers Union (ITGWU) was established by Jim Larkin in December 1908, after his expulsion from the British National Dock Labourers Union (NDLU). ... Jump to: navigation, search 1913 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Statue of James Larkin on OConnell Street (Oisín Kelly 1977) The Dublin Lockout of 1913 was the most severe industrial dispute in the history of Ireland, a general lockout of workers in Dublin, meant to contain the expansion of trade unions. ... The Irish Citizen Army, or ICA, was a small band of trained volunteers established in Dublin for the defense of worker’s rights. ... The Dublin Metropolitan Police was formed in 1836, after twenty years of attempts to create an effective policing force in Ireland Rural policing in Ireland began when Chief Secretary for Ireland, Robert Peel created the Peace Preservation Force in 1816. ...

Connolly stood aloof from the leadership of the Irish Volunteers. He considered them too bourgeois and unconcerned with Ireland's economic independence. In 1916 thinking they were merely posturing, and unwilling to take decisive action against Britain, he attempted to goad them into action by threatening to send his small body against the British Empire alone, if necessary. This alarmed the members of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, who had already infiltrated the Volunteers and had plans for an insurrection that very year. In order to talk Connolly out of any such rash action, the IRB leaders, including Tom Clarke and Patrick Pearse, met with Connolly to see if an agreement could be reached. It has been said that he was kidnapped by them, but this has been denied of late, and must at some point come down to a matter of semantics. As it was, he disappeared for three days without telling anyone where he had been. During the meeting the IRB and the ICA agreed to act together at Easter of that year. Irish Volunteers - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1916 is a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar) // Events January-February January 1 -The first successful blood transfusion using blood that had been stored and cooled. ... Jump to: navigation, search The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps The British Empire was one of the worlds first global powers , a product of the European Age of Exploration that began with the global maritime empires of Portugal... The Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) played an important role in the history of Ireland. ... Thomas James Clarke (March 11, 1857-May 3, 1916) was an Irish revolutionary leader and was perhaps the man most responsible for the Easter Rising of 1916. ... Patrick Pearse Patrick Henry Pearse (known as Pádraig Pearse or by his Irish name Pádraig Anraí Mac Piarais) (November 10, 1879 – May 3, 1916) was a teacher, poet, writer and political activist who led the Irish Easter Rising in 1916 and was declared president of the Irish Republic... Jump to: navigation, search Easter is one of most important religious holiday of the Christian liturgical year, observed in March, April, or May to celebrate the resurrection of Jesus after his death by crucifixion in AD 30-33 (see Good Friday). ...

When the Easter Rising occurred on April 24, 1916, Connolly was Commandant of the Dublin Brigade, and as the Dublin brigade had the most substantial role in the rising, he was de facto Commander in Chief. Following the surrender he was executed by the British for his role, although he was so badly injured in the fighting that he was unable to stand for his execution, and was therefore shot in a chair. He was survived by his wife and numerous children. Jump to: navigation, search The Easter Rising (Irish: Éirí Amach na Cásca) was a militarily unsuccessful rebellion staged in Ireland against British rule on Easter Monday in April 1916. ... Jump to: navigation, search April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... Commander-in-Chief is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...

His legacy in Ireland is mainly due to his contribution to the nationalist cause and his Marxism has been largely overlooked by mainstream histories (although his legacy as a socialist has been claimed by the Labour Party, the Communist Party of Ireland, the Socialist Party and a variety of other left-wing and left-republican groups). However, despite claims to the contrary, Connolly's writings show him to be first and foremost a Marxist thinker. In several of his works he rails against what he calls the bourgeois nationalism of those who claimed to be Irish patriots. Nationalism is an ideology that creates and sustains a nation as a concept of a common identity for groups of humans. ... Jump to: navigation, search Marxism is the political practice and social theory based on the works of Karl Marx, a 19th century German philosopher, economist, journalist, and revolutionary, along with Friedrich Engels. ... Logo of the Irish Labour Party The Irish Labour Party (Irish: Páirti an Lucht Oibre) is the third largest political party in the Republic of Ireland. ... The Communist Party of Ireland (CPI) is a very small all-Ireland marxist party. ... As of 2004, the Socialist Party is Irelands newest political party. ... Bourgeois at the end of the thirteenth century. ... Patriot or Patriots may refer to patriotism, as well as one of several other things. ...

Connolly was among the few left-wingers of the Second International who opposed, outright, the Great War. This put him at odds with most of the Labour leaders of Europe - but meant he was a co-thinker of those that would later come to call themselves communists, such as Lenin, Trotsky and Rosa Luxemburg. The Second International was an organization formed in 1889 (after several years of preparation) by socialist and labour parties who wished to work together for international socialism. ... Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele. ... Communism - Wikipedia /**/ @import /w/skins-1. ... Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ( Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Ле́нин  listen?), original surname Ulyanov (Улья́нов) ( April 22 (April 10 ( O.S.)), 1870 – January 21, 1924), was a Russian revolutionary, the leader of the Bolshevik party, the first Premier of the Soviet Union, and the founder of the ideology of Leninism. ... 1915 passport photo of Trotsky Leon Davidovich Trotsky (Russian: Лев Давидович Троцкий; also transliterated Trotskii, Trotski, Trotzky) (October 26 (O.S.) = November 7 (N.S.), 1879 - August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Лев Давидович Бронштейн), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist intellectual. ... Jump to: navigation, search Rosa Luxemburg Rosa Luxemburg (March 5, 1870 or 1871 - January 15, 1919, in Polish language Róża Luksemburg) was a Polish-born German Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher, and revolutionary. ...

Apparently Lenin was a great admirer of Connolly, although the two never met. He berated other communists, who had criticised the rebellion in Ireland as bourgeois. He maintained that no revolution was "pure", and communists would have to unite with other disaffected groups in order to overthrow existing social orders. He was to prove his point the next year, during the Russian Revolution. The phrase Russian Revolution can refer to the following events in the history of Russia. ...

In Scotland his thinking was hugely influential to socialists such as John Maclean, who would similarly combine his leftist thinking with nationalist ideas when he formed his Scottish Workers Republican Party. John Maclean (1879-1923) was born in Glasgow, Scotland into a family of Highland origin from the Isle of Mull. ... The Scottish Workers Republican Party (SWRP) were formed by the Marxist activist John Maclean MA (1879-1923) in the 1910s. ...

There is a statue of James Connolly in Dublin, outside Liberty Hall, the offices of the SIPTU Trade Union. Liberty Hall, Dublins tallest building, stands in the background. ... SIPTU (Services, Industrial, Professional, and Technical Union) is Irelands largest trade union. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

External links

• James Connolly Internet Archive