The Honourable James Cox Aikins, PC (born March 30, 1823; died August 8, 1904) was a prominent Canadian politician in the 19th century. He twice served as a cabinet minister in the government of Sir John A. Macdonald, and was the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba from 1882 to 1888. Picture of James Cox Aikins Source: [1] This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable ( or formerly The Honble) is a title of quality attached to the names of certain classes of persons. ... The Queens Privy Council for Canada is the ceremonial council of advisors to the Queen of Canada, whose members are appointed by her Governor General in Canada for life on the advice of the Prime Minister. ... March 30 is the 89th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (90th in Leap years). ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Alternate meanings in cabinet (disambiguation) A Cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... The Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, QC, PC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 and October 17, 1878 – June 6, 1891. ... This is a historical list of the lieutenant governors of Manitoba, a province of Canada. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

Early Life and Career

Aikins was born in Toronto Township, Upper Canada (now Ontario). His father had previously converted to Methodism, and the young Aikins was educated at the Methodist-run Upper Canada Academy in Cobourg from 1840 to 1845. Upon graduation, he acquired land near Toronto and worked as a farmer. }|135px|City of Toronto, Ontario Official Flag]]|Coat Image=[[Image:{{{Coat Image}}}|135px|City of Toronto, Ontario Coat of Arms]]}} {{Canadian City/Disable Field={{{Disable Motto Link}}}}} Motto: Diversity Our Strength {{Canadian City/Location Image is:{{{Location Image Type}}}|[[Image:{{{Location Image}}}|thumbnail|250px|City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Location. ... Upper Canada Village in Morrisburg, Ontario Upper Canada is an early name for the land at the upstream end of the Saint Lawrence River in early North America – the territory south of Lake Nipissing and north of the St. ... Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal it began, loyal it remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th)  - Land 917,741 km²  - Water 158,654 km² (14. ... The Methodist movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity. ... Cobourg (2001 population 17,172) is a town on Lake Ontario some 75 km east of Toronto. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Aikins was offered the Reform (ie. Liberal) nomination for York West in the 1851 Canadian parliamentary election, but declined. Three years later, he was elected to the Province of Canada's legislature for the newly-formed riding of Peel as a Clear Grit (iradical reformer). Cox defeated Conservative G. Wright by 865 votes to 810. The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti libéral du Canada) is Canadas largest political party. ... York West is a federal riding in the Canadian province of Ontario. ... Note: for information about Canadas present-day provinces, see Provinces of Canada. ... Motto: Working for you Area: 1,241. ... Clear Grits were Upper Canadian reformers with support concentrated among southwestern Ontario farmers, who were frustrated and disillusioned by the 1849 Reform government of Robert Baldwin and Louis_Hippolyte Lafontaines lack of radicalism. ... The name which emphasised a revitalised National Policy and links to Britain. ...

The Clear Grit faction in parliament had previously been aligned with Francis Hincks's governing Reformers, but this alliance ended after the 1854 election. Most of Hincks's supporters subsequently formed a new alliance with the Conservatives, while the Clear Grits formed a "left opposition" and attempted to reconstruct the Reform Party on their terms. Aikins was a minor figure in the Grit parliamentary ranks for the next three years but was nevertheless re-elected in 1857, with 2007 votes against 915 for his Conservative opponent. The Conservative-led alliance remained in power during these years, and Aikins remained in opposition. Categories: People stubs | 1807 births | 1885 deaths | Canadian Ministers of Finance | Members of the Canadian House of Commons | Premiers of the Province of Canada ... 1854 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Between 1856 and 1861, there were numerous debates in Peel County concerning a planned division of the riding, and the location of its new county seat. Local differences weakened the reformist cause, and Aikins was narrowly defeated by Conservative John Hillyard Cameron in the election of 1861. 1856 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1861 is a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

In 1862, Aikins was elected to an eight-year term in the Province of Canada's Legislative Council, an upper house with both appointed and elected members. Running as a Liberal in the riding of Home, he defeated his sole opponent by 2934 votes to 1559. 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A Legislative Council in British constitutional thought is the second-to-top tier of a government led by a Governor-General, Governor or a Lieutenant-Governor, inferior to an Executive Council and equal to or superior to a Legislative Assembly. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti libéral du Canada) is Canadas largest political party. ...

Aikins played only a minor role in the parliamentary debates on Canadian confederation, which he supported in principle despite concerns about the legislative means which John A. Macdonald was using to move the policy forward. After Confederation was approved, Aikins attempted to introduce legislation for an elected Senate, but was ruled out of order by the Council's speaker. Along with other members of the Legislative Council, he was appointed to the (unelected) Canadian Senate upon its creation in May 1867. Representing the (Ontario) Senate Division. In 1868, Aikins was offered a cabinet position in Prime Minister John A. Macdonald's Liberal-Conservative government, but turned it down for fear of dividing the Liberal Party. Canadian Confederation, or the Confederation of Canada, was the process that ultimately brought together a union among the provinces, colonies and territories of British North America to form the Dominion of Canada, a Dominion of the British Empire, which today is a federal nation state simply known as Canada. ... The Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, QC, PC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 and October 17, 1878 – June 6, 1891. ... The Senate (French: Sénat) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, which also includes the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ... 1867 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Canadian Senate division of (Ontario) represents the Province of Ontario at large encompasing all the areas not represented by specificSenate divisions. ... 1868 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A prime minister may be either: the chief or leading member of the cabinet of the top-level government in a country having a parliamentary system of government; or the official, in countries with a semi-presidential system of government, appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives... The Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, GCB, QC, PC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 and October 17, 1878 – June 6, 1891. ...

Cabinet Minister and Lieutenant Governor

In 1869, Francis Hincks returned to Canadian political life by joining Macdonald's government as a "coalition Reformer". Macdonald wanted Liberal Senators William McMaster and Aikins join Hincks in the ministry, so as to further broaden its appeal with the electorate; McMaster declined, but suggested that Aikins accept the offer and represent Liberal interests inside the government. Aikins was agreeable to his suggestion, and became a Minister without Portfolio on November 16. On December 8, he was appointed Secretary of State for Canada, and would continue to hold this position until the defeat of the Macdonald government on November 5, 1873. He also served as acting Secretary of State for the Provinces and Superintendent-General of Indian Affairs for one month in 1873, following the resignation of Joseph Howe. 1869 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... William McMaster (1811-1887) was a wholesaler, Senator and banker in the 1800s. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... December 8 is the 342nd day (343rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the position in the Cabinet of Canada in existence from 1867 to 1996. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1873 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Joseph Howe (December 13, 1804 - June 1, 1873) was born the son of John Howe and Mary Edes at Halifax, Nova Scotia. ...

When Macdonald's Conservatives were returned to government in 1878, Aikins was again appointed Secretary of State for Canada as the ministry's sole "coalition Reformer" (the group was by this time a minor political force in Canada). On November 8, 1880, Aikins was promoted to the Ministry of Inland Revenue. In this capacity, he oversaw various applications for government postings; he had little direct control over patronage in central Canada, but was a more powerful figure as regards the western provinces. 1878 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1880 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Aikins's support for temperance was an embarrassment for the Macdonald government, which received considerable financial support from liquor interests. On May 22, 1882, Aikins was pursuaded to resign from cabinet and the Senate, and to accept an appointment as Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (with the promise of being re-appointed to the Senate after his term ended). He formally resigned from the Senate on May 30, and was sworn in to his new position on December 2. See: temperance (virtue) Temperance movement, a socio-political movement Temperance - album by Astrud Gilberto This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... A Lieutenant Governor is a government official who is the subordinate or deputy of a Governor or Governor-General. ... Motto: Gloriosus et Liber (Glorious and free) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Winnipeg Largest city Winnipeg Lieutenant Governor John Harvard Premier Gary Doer (NDP) Area 647,797 km² (8th)  - Land 553,556 km²  - Water 64,241 km² (14. ... May 30 is the 150th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (151st in leap years). ... December 2 is the 336th day (337th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Aikins arrived in Manitoba during a period of discord between the provincial and federal governments; Macdonald had recently disallowed Premier John Norquay's railway legislation, and an opposition movement was forming around Thomas Greenway. Aikins was under orders from Macdonald to ensure that provincial legislation reflected national policies, but his awkward relationship with Norquay made his task difficult. A premier is an executive official of government. ... John Norquay, Premier of Manitoba John Norquay (May 8, 1841-July 5, 1889) was Premier of Manitoba from 1878 to 1887. ... Thomas Greenway (March 25, 1838-October 30, 1908) was a politician, merchant and farmer. ...

Aikins presided over the transfer of power from Norquay to Greenway in 1887-88, but his own involvement in Manitoba politics was fairly limited. Initially a very powerful office, the position of Lt. Governor in Manitoba was largely ceremonial by this time. 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

Aikins's term in office ended on July 1, 1888, though he was not re-appointed to the Senate until January 7, 1896 again representing (Ontario). By now fully integrated into the Conservative ranks, he remained a Senator until his death in 1904. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... January 7 is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1896 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Canadian Senate division of (Ontario) represents the Province of Ontario at large encompasing all the areas not represented by specificSenate divisions. ... 1904 is a leap year starting on a Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Aikins's son, also named James, served as Lt. Governor of Manitoba in the early 20th century. James Albert Manning Aikins (December 10, 1851-March 1, 1929) was a Manitoba politician. ...

External links

• Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online

Joseph Edouard Cauchon (December 31, 1816-February 23, 1885) was a prominent Quebec politician in the middle years of the nineteenth-century. ... This is a historical list of the lieutenant governors of Manitoba, a province of Canada. ... 1882 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... John Christian Schultz The Honourable Sir John Christian Schultz (January 1, 1840 – April 13, 1896) was a Manitoba politician. ...