James Dwight Dana (February 12, 1813 - April 14, 1895) was an American geologist, mineralogist and zoologist. He made important studies of mountain-building, volcanic activity, and the origin and structure of continents and oceans. 1904 portrait of James Dwight Dana This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... February 12 is the 43rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (105th in leap years). ... 1895 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology. ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... Zoology (Greek zoon = animal and logos = word) is the biological discipline which involves the study of animals. ... A volcano is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where a substance, usually magma (rock of the Earths interior made molten or liquid by extremely high temperatures along with a reduction in pressure and/or the introduction of water or other volatiles) erupts through the surface of a planet. ...

Dana was born in Utica, New York. He showed an early interest in science, which had been fostered by Fay Edgerton, a teacher in the Utica high school, and in 1830 he entered Yale College, in order to study under Benjamin Silliman the elder. Graduating in 1833, for the next two years he was teacher of mathematics to midshipmen in the Navy, and sailed to the Mediterranean while engaged in his duties. This article is about Utica in New York, USA. For other places with this name, see Utica. ... 1830 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Yale (disambiguation). ... Benjamin Silliman. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Wikibooks Wikiversity has more about this subject: School of Mathematics Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mathematics Look up Mathematics on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mathematics Bogomolny, Alexander: Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... The Mediterranean Sea is an intercontinental sea positioned between Europe to the north, Africa to the south and Asia to the east, covering an approximate area of 2. ...

In 1836 and 1837 he was assistant to Professor Silliman in the chemical laboratory at Yale, and then, for four years, acted as mineralogist and geologist of the United States Exploring Expedition, commanded by Captain Charles Wilkes, in the Pacific Ocean. His labours in preparing the reports of his explorations occupied parts of thirteen years after his return to America in 1842. His notebooks from the four years of travel contained fifty sketches, maps, and diagrams, including views of both Mount Shasta and Castle Crags. Dana's sketch of Mount Shasta was engraved in 1849 for publication in the American Journal of Science and Art along with a lengthy article based on Dana's 1841 geological notes. In the article he described in scientific terms the rocks, minerals, and geology of the Shasta region. As far as is known, his sketch of Mount Shasta became the second view of the mountain ever published. 1836 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean (the Southern Seas) conducted by the United States Navy from 1838-1842. ... Charles Wilkes Charles Wilkes (April 3, 1798 – February 8, 1877) was an American naval officer and explorer. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ... Castle Dome, a popular trail destination at Castle Crags (left foreground). ... Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ... 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... take you to calendar). ... Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ...

In 1844 he again became a resident of New Haven, married the daughter of Professor Silliman, and in 1850, on the resignation of the latter, was appointed Silliman Professor of Natural History and Geology in Yale College, a position which he held until 1892. In 1846 he became joint editor and during the later years of his life he was chief editor of the American Journal of Science and Arts (founded in 1818 by Benjamin Silliman), to which he was a constant contributor, principally of articles on geology and mineralogy. 1844 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... City nickname: The Elm City Location in the state of Connecticut Founded April 24, 1638 County New Haven County Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. ... 1850 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... 1892 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Benjamin Silliman. ...

The reason for the 1849 publishing of his geology journal of Mount Shasta was undoubtedly in response to the gold rush publicity. Dana was the pre-eminent U.S. geologist of his time, and he also was one of the few trained observers anywhere who had first hand knowledge of the northern California terrain. He had previously written that there was likelihood that gold was to be found all along the route between the Umpqua River in Oregon and the Sacramento Valley. He was probably deluged with inquiries about the Shasta region, and was forced to publish in more detail some advice to the would-be gold miners. 1849 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Mount Shasta, (formerly known as Mt. ... Gold rush ad A gold rush is a period of feverish migration of workers into the area of a dramatic discovery of commercial quantities of gold. ... A geologist is a contributor to the science of geology. ... State nickname: The Golden State Other U.S. States Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger (R) Senators Dianne Feinstein (D) Barbara Boxer (D) Official language(s) English Area 410,000 km² (3rd)  - Land 404,298 km²  - Water 20,047 km² (4. ... Umpqua River with tributaries The Umpqua River (UHMP-kwah) is a river on the Pacific coast of Oregon in the United States, approximately 111 mi (179 km) long. ... State nickname: Beaver State Other U.S. States Capital Salem Largest city Portland Governor Ted Kulongoski (D) Senators Ron Wyden (D) Gordon Smith (R) Official language(s) None Area 255,026 km² (9th)  - Land 248,849 km²  - Water 6,177 km² (2. ... The California Central Valley The California Central Valley dominates the central portion of the state of California. ... The El Chino Mine located near Silver City, New Mexico is an open-pit copper mine Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually (but not always) from an ore body, vein, or (coal) seam. ...

Dana's best known books were his System of Mineralogy (1837) and Manual of Geology (1862). A bibliographical list of his writings shows 214 titles of books and papers, beginning in 1835 with a paper on the conditions of Vesuvius in 1834. His reports on Zoophytes, on the Geology of the Pacific Area, and on Crustacea, summarizing his work on the Wilkes Expedition, appeared from 1846 onwards. Other works included Manual of Mineralogy (1848), afterwards entitled Manual of Mineralogy and Lithology (ed. 4, 1887); and Corals and Coral Islands (1872; ed. 2, 1890). In 1887, Dana revisited the Hawaiian Islands, and the results of his further investigations were published in a quarto volume in 1890, entitled Characteristics of Volcanoes. 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Mount Vesuvius (Italian: Monte Vesuvio) is a volcano east of Naples, Italy, located at 40°49′N 14°26′ E. It is the only active volcano on the European mainland, although it is not currently erupting. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Classes Remipedia Cephalocarida Branchiopoda Ostracoda Maxillopoda Malacostraca The crustaceans (Crustacea) are a large group of arthropods (55,000 species), usually treated as a subphylum. ... The United States Exploring Expedition was an exploring and surveying expedition of the Pacific Ocean (the Southern Seas) conducted by the United States Navy from 1838-1842. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1872 was a leap year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Map of the Hawaiian Islands, a chain of islands that stretches 2,400 km in a northwesterly direction from the southern tip of the Island of Hawai‘i. ... 1890 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

He was awarded the Copley Medal by the Royal Society in 1877 and the Wollaston Medal by the Geological Society of London in 1874. The Copley Medal is a scientific award for work in any field of science, the highest award granted by the Royal Society of London. ... The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as the Royal Society, claims to be the oldest learned society still in existence. ... 1877 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... The Wollaston Medal is a scientific award for geology, the highest award granted by the Geological Society of London. ... The Geological Society of London is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with the aim of investigating the mineral structure of the Earth. It is the oldest geological society in the world. ... 1874 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

A crater on Mars and a Dorsum (wrinkle-ridge system) on the Moon are named in his honor. This article is about impact craters, also known as meteor craters. ... Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the solar system, named after the Roman god of war (the counterpart of the Greek Ares), on account of its blood red color as viewed in the night sky. ... Dorsum (pl. ... Crust composition Oxygen 43% Silicon 21% Aluminium 10% Calcium 9% Iron 9% Magnesium 5% Titanium 2% Nickel 0. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, which is in the public domain.