NationMaster - Encyclopedia: James F. Byrnes

James Francis Byrnes (May 2, 1879 – April 9, 1972) was an American politician from the state of South Carolina. During his career, Byrnes served as a member of the House of Representatives (1911–1925), as a Senator (1931–1941), as Justice of the Supreme Court (1941–1942), as Secretary of State (1945–1947), and as Governor of South Carolina (1951–1955). He therefore became one of very few politicians to be active in all three branches of the federal government while also being active in state government. He was also a confidant of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and was one of the most powerful men in American domestic and foreign policy in the mid-1940s. Image File history File linksMetadata James_Francis_Byrnes,_at_his_desk,_1943. ... 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Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ... Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32Â° 2â€² N to 35Â° 13â€² N - Longitude 78Â° 32â€² W to 83... April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Columbia (disambiguation). ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ... This article is about the Episcopal Church in the United States. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... 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Early life and career

Byrnes's mother was an Irish-American dressmaker in Charleston, South Carolina. He left Catholic parochial school at 14 to work in a law office, and became a court stenographer. He left the Catholic church to marry Maude Perkins Busch of Aiken in 1906; they had no children, but for the rest of their lives they supported a number of orphans financially. He became an Episcopalian. He never attended high school, college or law school, but apprenticed to a lawyer and was admitted to the bar in 1903. Irish Americans (Irish: Gael-MheiriceÃ¡nach) are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in the west European island of Ireland. ... Nickname: Motto: Aedes Mores Juraque Curat (She cares for her temples, customs, and rights) Location of Charleston in South Carolina. ...

In 1910 he narrowly won the Democratic primary for the United States Congress from the state's 3rd Congressional District, which was tantamount to election. Byrnes proved a brilliant legislator, working behind the scenes to form coalitions and avoiding the high-profile oratory that characterized much of Southern politics. He was a champion of the "good roads" movement that attracted motorists, and politicians, to large-scale road building programs in the 1920s. He became a close ally to President Woodrow Wilson, and Wilson often entrusted important political tasks to the capable young Congressman, rather than turning to more experienced lawmakers on the Hill. Byrnes was also a protege of "Pitchfork" Ben Tillman, and often had a moderating influence on the fiery segregationist Senator. Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856â€“February 3, 1924), was the twenty-eighth President of the United States. ... Benjamin Ryan Tillman (August 11, 1847 - July 3, 1918) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina from 1890 to 1894 and as a United States Senator from 1895 until his death. ...

United States Senate and Supreme Court

Thanks largely to the opposition of his candidacy by the Ku Klux Klan, Byrnes lost the 1924 Senate primary to Coleman L. Blease, often considered a notorious demagogue. Out of office, he moved his law practice to Spartanburg, in the industrializing Piedmont region. Between his law practice and investment advice from friends such as Bernard Baruch, Byrnes became a wealthy man, but he never took his eyes off of a return to politics. He used his new base to gain the support of factory workers, and defeated Blease in 1930. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... Coleman Livingston Blease (October 8, 1868 - January 19, 1942) was a politician from South Carolina known for his populist appeals and racism. ... Spartanburg is the largest city and the county seat of Spartanburg CountyGR6 in South Carolina, and is the second-largest city of the three primary cities in the Upstate region of South Carolina. ... Bernard Baruch, 1920 Bernard Mannes Baruch (August 19, 1870â€“June 20, 1965) was an American financier, stock market speculator, statesman, and presidential adviser. ...

He had long been friends with Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom he supported for the Democratic nomination in 1932, and made himself the President's spokesman on the Senate floor, where he guided much of the early New Deal legislation to passage. He won easy reelection in 1936, promising: FDR redirects here. ...

Since the colonial era, South Carolina's politicians had dreamed of an inland waterway system that would not only aid commerce, but also control flooding. By the 1930s, Byrnes took up the cause for a massive dam building project, the Santee Cooper, that would not only accomplish those tasks, but also electrify the entire state with hydroelectric power. With South Carolina financially strapped by the Great Depression, Senator Byrnes managed to get the Federal government to pay for the entire project, which was completed and put into operation in February of 1942. Santee Cooper, also known as the South Carolina Public Service Authority, is South Carolinas state-owned electric and water utility. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ...

In 1937 he supported Roosevelt on the highly controversial court packing plan, but voted against the minimum wage law of 1938 that would have made, as he argued, the textile mills in his state uncompetitive. He opposed Roosevelt's efforts to purge conservative Democrats in the 1938 primary elections. On foreign policy, however, he was a champion of Roosevelt's positions of helping Britain and France against Germany in 1939-41, and of maintaining a hard diplomatic line against Japan. The Judiciary Reorganization Bill of 1937, frequently called the Court-packing Bill, was a law proposed by United States President Franklin Roosevelt. ...

In part as a reward for his crucial support on many issues, Byrnes was named as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court by FDR in 1940, a role which quickly bored him at a time when the country was about to go to war. He only served in that position for a year and a half from 1941 to 1942, whereupon he resigned in order to serve Roosevelt in a new, and in many ways unprecedented, capacity. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C. The Supreme Court Building, Washington, D.C., (large image) The Supreme Court of the United States, located in Washington, D.C., is the highest court (see supreme court) in the United States; that is, it has ultimate judicial authority within the United States...

World War II and beginning of the Cold War

Byrnes left the Supreme Court to head Roosevelt's Economic Stabilization Office, which dealt with the vitally important issues of prices and taxes. How powerful the new office would become depended entirely on Byrnes's political skills, and Washington insiders soon reported he was in full charge. In May 1943 he also became head of the War Mobilization Board. Thanks to his political experience, his probing intellect, his close friendship with Roosevelt, and in no small part to his own personal charm, Byrnes was soon exerting influence over many facets of the war effort which were not technically under his departmental jurisdiction. Many in Congress and the press began referring to Byrnes as the "Assistant President."

He was a serious possibility for vice president in 1944. However, he was too conservative for the labor unions, big city bosses vetoed any ex-Catholic, and blacks were wary of his opposition to racial integration. The nomination went to Senator Harry S Truman. Roosevelt brought Byrnes to the Yalta Conference in early 1945, where he seemed to favor Soviet plans. Writing in shorthand, his notes comprise one of the most complete records of the "Big Three" Yalta meetings. Children at a parade in North College Hill, Ohio Racial integration, or simply integration includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation). ... For the victim of Mt. ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ...

Upon his succession to the presidency after Roosevelt's death on April 12, 1945, Truman relied heavily on Byrnes's counsel, he (Byrnes) having been a mentor to Truman from Truman's earliest days in the U.S. Senate.^[1]

The evidence now suggests that it was Byrnes alone of all of Truman's civilian and military advisors, who urged the use of the atomic bomb on Japanese cities at the end of World War II.^[2] Byrnes not only believed it would speed the surrender of Japan, but that it might also give the Soviets pause in their supposed expansionist plans, thus helping to secure a stronger peace.

In 1946 he took an increasingly hardline position in opposition to Stalin, culminating in the speech held in Stuttgart September 6, 1946. "Restatement of Policy on Germany", also known as the "Speech of hope" it set the tone of future U.S. policy as it repudiated the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and gave the Germans hope for the future. Byrnes was named TIME magazine's Person of the Year. Although his tough position against the Soviets paralleled the feelings of the President, personal relations between the two men grew strained, particularly when Truman felt that Byrnes was attempting to set foreign policy by himself, and only informing the President afterward; Truman and others believed that Byrnes had grown resentful that he had not been FDR's running mate and Oval Office successor, and in his resentment he was disrespecting Truman. Whether this was true or not, Byrnes felt compelled to resign from the Cabinet in 1947 with some feelings of bitterness. For other uses, see Stuttgart (disambiguation). ... Restatement of Policy on Germany is a famous speech by James F. Byrnes, then United States Secretary of State, held in Stuttgart on September 6, 1946. ... The Morgenthau Plan showing the planned partitioning of Germany into a North State, a South State, and an International zone. ... Look up time in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Person of the Year is an annual issue of United States (U.S.) newsmagazine Time that features a profile on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that [1] // The tradition of selecting a Man of the Year began in 1927, when Time editors contemplated what they could...

Later political career

At an age when most of his contemporaries were retiring from political life, Byrnes was not yet ready to give up public service, and at age 72 he was elected governor of South Carolina, serving from 1951 to 1955, in which capacity he vigorously criticized the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education. Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area Ranked 40th - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 260 miles (420 km) - % water 6 - Latitude 32Â° 2â€² N to 35Â° 13â€² N - Longitude 78Â° 32â€² W to 83... Holding Segregation of students in public schools violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, because separate facilities are inherently unequal. ...

Ironically, Byrnes was initially seen as a strong progressive voice for moderate Negro rights. Recognizing that the South could not continue with its entrenched segregationist policies much longer, but fearful of Congress imposing sweeping civil rights upon the South, he opted for a course of change from within. To that end, he sought to at last fulfill the Supreme Court's promise of "separate but equal," particularly in regard to public education, and he poured state money into improving Negro schools, buying new textbooks and new buses, and hiring additional teachers. He also sought to curb the power of the Ku Klux Klan by passing a law that prohibited adults from wearing a mask in public on any day other than Halloween; by this measure, he knew that many Klansmen feared exposure, and would not appear in public in their robes unless their faces were hidden as well. Byrnes hoped to make South Carolina an example for other Southern states to modify their "Jim Crow" policies. That didn't stop the NAACP from filing a suit against South Carolina to force the state to desegregate its schools. Byrnes turned to Kansas, a Northern state which also segregated its schools, to provide a "friend of the court" statement supporting the right of school segregation on his state's behalf in the trial. This gave the NAACP's lawyer, Thurgood Marshall, the idea to shift the suit from South Carolina over to Kansas, which led directly to Brown v. Board of Education. Members of the second Ku Klux Klan at a rally during the 1920s. ... This article is about the holiday. ... Jim Crow can refer to several subjects: Jim Crow laws, state and local laws in the Southern and border states of the United States from 1876 to 1964 that required racial segregation James F. Crow, Professor Emeritus of Genetics at the University of Wisconsin-Madison Jump Jim Crow, the blackface... The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), is one of the oldest and most influential hate organizations in the United States. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 â€“ January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. ...

The South Carolina state constitution limited governors to one four-year term, and Byrnes retired from active political life following the 1954 election.

In his later years, Byrnes foresaw the South as a much more important player in national politics, and to hasten that development, he sought to end the South's automatic support of the Democratic Party (which Byrnes felt had grown too liberal, and which took the "Solid South" for granted at election time, yet otherwise ignored the region and its needs), and to realign it with the Republican Party. This was despite the fact that Byrnes remained a registered Democrat for much of the rest of his life. The phrase Solid South describes the electoral support of the Southern United States for Democratic Party candidates for almost a century after the Reconstruction era, 1876-1964. ...

Byrnes endorsed Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956, Richard Nixon in 1960 and 1968 and Barry Goldwater in 1964. He gave his private blessing to South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond to bolt the Democratic Party in '64 and declare himself a Republican, but Byrnes himself remained a registered Democrat that year. He eventually switched formal allegiances to the Republican Party. In 1968, he secretly advised Nixon on how to win over old-time Southern Democrats to the Republican Party. Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 â€“ March 28, 1969) was an American General and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953â€“1961). ... Nixon redirects here. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 â€“ May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953â€“1965, 1969â€“87) and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. ... James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 â€“ June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator representing that state. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ...

Legacy

Today, a building housing international programs is named after Byrnes at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, South Carolina, and former U.S. ambassador to South Korea, Richard L. Walker, was the James F. Byrnes Professor Emeritus of International Studies there. An auditorium is named after him at Winthrop University in Rock Hill, South Carolina. A dormitory on the east campus of Clemson University in Clemson, South Carolina is named for him and he was on the board of trustees there. A high school in Spartanburg, James F. Byrnes High School, is also named after him, as well as a school in Quinby, South Carolina, called The James F. Byrnes School. His papers are in the Special Collections of the Clemson Universities Libraries. The University of South Carolina, Columbia (USC, SC, or Carolina) is a public, co-educational, research university located in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. ... Richard Louis Dixie Walker (13 April 1922 â€“ 22 July 2003) was an American scholar, author, and ambassador to South Korea. ... , Winthrop University (formerly Winthrop College) is an American public, four-year liberal arts college in Rock Hill, South Carolina, within the Charlotte, North Carolina metropolitan area. ... Rock Hill is the largest city in York County, South Carolina, and a satellite city of Charlotte, North Carolina. ... Clemson University is a public, coeducational, land-grant, research university located in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. ... Clemson is a city located in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America. ... Spartanburg is a city located in Spartanburg County in South Carolina, a state of the United States of America, and 98 miles north of Columbia. ... Quinby is a town located in Florence County, South Carolina. ... Clemson University is a public, coeducational, land-grant, research university located in Clemson, South Carolina, United States. ...

External links

References

Primary sources

Footnotes

Categories: Articles with weasel words | Governors of South Carolina | University of South Carolina trustees | United States Secretaries of State | United States Senators from South Carolina | United States Supreme Court justices | Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina | Recipients of Distinguished Service Medal | Irish-American politicians | Converts to Anglicanism | Time magazine Persons of the Year | American Episcopalians | People from South Carolina | 1879 births | 1972 deaths Type Bicameral Speaker of the House of Representatives House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Steny Hoyer, (D) since January 4, 2007 House Minority Leader John Boehner, (R) since January 4, 2007 Members 435 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party... James OHanlan Patterson (June 25, 1857 - October 25, 1911) was a United States Representative from South Carolina. ... These are tables of congressional delegations from South Carolina to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map The 2nd Congressional District of South Carolina is a congressional district in central and eastern South Carolina. ... Butler B. Hare (born 1875 in Saluda County, South Carolina; died in 1967) was an American politician elected at the U.S. House of Representatives representing the state of South Carolina. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Coleman Livingston Blease (October 8, 1868 - January 19, 1942) was a politician from South Carolina known for his populist appeals and racism. ... South Carolina ratified the Constitution on May 23, 1788. ... Ellison Durant Cotton Ed Smith (August 1, 1864 - November 17, 1944) was a Politician from the U.S. State of South Carolina. ... Alva Moore Lumpkin (November 13, 1886 - August 1, 1941) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Justice McReynolds, c. ... A Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States is nominated by the President of the United States and approved by the U.S. Senate, with at least half of that body approving in the affirmative. ... Wiley Blount Rutledge (July 20, 1894 - September 10, 1949) was a U.S. educator and jurist. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... George C. Marshall George Catlett Marshall (December 31, 1880–October 16, 1959), an American military leader and statesman, was born into a middle-class family in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. ... James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 â€“ June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator representing that state. ... A list of South Carolina Governors. ... George Bell Timmerman, Jr. ... For the victim of Mt. ... Person of the Year is an annual issue of United States (U.S.) newsmagazine Time that features a profile on the man, woman, couple, group, idea, place, or machine that [1] // The tradition of selecting a Man of the Year began in 1927, when Time editors contemplated what they could... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other persons named George Marshall, see George Marshall (disambiguation). ... South Carolina ratified the Constitution on May 23, 1788. ... Pierce Butler (July 11, 1744 - February 15, 1822) was a soldier, planter, and statesman, recognized as one of United States Founding Fathers. ... John Hunter (1732â€“1802) was an American farmer from Newberry, South Carolina. ... Charles Pinckney Charles Pinckney (October 26, 1757â€“October 29, 1824) was an American politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of South Carolina, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. ... General Thomas Sumter (August 14, 1734 - June 1, 1832) was a hero of the American Revolution and went on to become a longtime member of the Congress of the United States. ... John Taylor was the Democratic-Republican governor of South Carolina from 1826 to 1828. ... William Smith (September 6, 1762-June 26, 1840) was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816. ... Robert Young Hayne (November 10, 1791â€“September 24, 1839) was an American political leader. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, at the center of the foreign policy and financial disputes of his age and best known as a spokesman for... Daniel Elliott Huger (June 28, 1779 - August 21, 1854) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, at the center of the foreign policy and financial disputes of his age and best known as a spokesman for... Franklin Harper Elmore (October 15, 1799 - May 29, 1850) was a United States Representative and Senator. ... Robert W. Barnwell Robert Woodward Barnwell (1801-1882) was an American planter, lawyer, and educator from South Carolina who served as a Senator in both the United States Senate and that of the Confederate States of America. ... Robert Barnwell Rhett of South Carolina was a lawyer, state legislator, state attorney general (1832), U.S. representative (1837-49), and senator (1850-52). ... William Ford De Saussure (February 22, 1792 - March 13, 1870) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Josiah James Evans (November 27, 1786 - May 6, 1858) was a United States Senator from South Carolina from 1853 to 1858. ... Arthur Perronneau Hayne (March 12, 1788 or 1790 â€“ January 7, 1867) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... James Chesnut, Jr. ... Thomas J. Robertson Thomas James Robertson (August 3, 1823 - October 13, 1897) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Matthew Calbraith Butler (March 8, 1836 â€“ April 14, 1909) was an American military commander and politician from the state of South Carolina. ... Benjamin Tillman Benjamin Ryan Tillman (August 11, 1847 - July 3, 1918) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina from 1890 to 1894 and as a United States Senator from 1895 until his death. ... Christie Benet (1879-1951) was a Democratic politician who briefly represented the state of South Carolina in the U.S. Senate in 1918. ... Senator William P. Pollock William Pegues Pollock (December 9, 1870 - June 2, 1922) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Nathaniel Barksdale Dial (April 24, 1862 - December 11, 1940) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Coleman Livingston Blease (October 8, 1868â€“January 19, 1942) was a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina known for his populist appeals and racism. ... Alva Moore Lumpkin (November 13, 1886 - August 1, 1941) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Roger Craft Peace (May 19, 1899 - August 20, 1968) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Burnet Rhett Maybank (March 7, 1899 - September 1, 1954) was a U.S. Senator and governor of South Carolina. ... Charles Ezra Daniel (November 11, 1895 - September 13, 1964) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 â€“ June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator representing that state. ... Thomas Albert Wofford (September 27, 1908 - February 25, 1978) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 â€“ June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator representing that state. ... Lindsey Olin Graham (born July 9, 1955) is an American politician from South Carolina. ... Ralph Izard Ralph Izard (January 23, 1741 or 1742â€“May 30, 1804) was a U.S. politician. ... Jacob Read (1752–July 17, 1816) was an American lawyer from Charleston, South Carolina. ... John Ewing Colhoun (1750 â€“ October 26, 1802) was a United States senator and lawyer from South Carolina. ... Pierce Butler (July 11, 1744 - February 15, 1822) was a soldier, planter, and statesman, recognized as one of United States Founding Fathers. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... William Harper (January 17, 1790 in Antigua and Barbuda-October 10, 1847) was a US Senator from South Carolina in the 1800s. ... William Smith (September 6, 1762-June 26, 1840) was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816. ... Stephen Decatur Miller (May 8, 1787 - March 8, 1838) was an American politician. ... William C. Preston William Campbell Preston was a senator from the United States and a member of the Nullifier, and later Whig Parties. ... George McDuffie (1788 - 11 March 1851) was a Governor of South Carolina and a member of the United States Senate. ... Andrew Pickens Butler (November 18, 1796-May 25, 1857, was an American statesman and one of the authors of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. ... James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 â€“ November 13, 1864) was a politician from South Carolina. ... Frederick Adolphus Sawyer (December 12, 1822 - July 31, 1891) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... John J. Patterson John James Patterson (August 8, 1830 - September 28, 1912) was a businessman and United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Wade Hampton during the Civil War Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 â€“ April 11, 1902) was a Confederate cavalry leader during the American Civil War and afterwards a politician from South Carolina, representing it as governor and U.S. Senator. ... John Laurens Manning Irby (September 10, 1854 - December 9, 1900) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Joseph Haynsworth Earle (April 30, 1847 - May 20, 1897) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... John Lowndes McLaurin (May 9, 1860 - July 29, 1934) was a United States Representative and Senator from South Carolina; born in Red Bluff, South Carolina, he attended schools at Bennettsville, South Carolina and Englewood, New Jersey as well as Bethel Military Academy (near Warrenton, Virginia) and Swarthmore College (in Pennsylvania. ... Asbury Churchwell Latimer (July 31, 1851 - February 20, 1908) was a United States Representative and Senator from South Carolina. ... Frank Boyd Gary (March 9, 1860 - December 7, 1922) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Ellison Durant Cotton Ed Smith (August 1, 1864 - November 17, 1944) was a Politician from the U.S. State of South Carolina. ... Wilton Earle Hall (March 11, 1901 - February 25, 1980) was a United States Senator from South Carolina. ... Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston (November 18, 1896 - April 18, 1965) was a Politician from the U.S. State of South Carolina. ... Donald Stuart Russell (February 22, 1906-February 22, 1998) was Democratic Senator from South Carolina. ... Ernest Frederick Fritz Hollings (born January 1, 1922) was a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina from 1966 to January 3, 2005. ... James Warren DeMint (born September 2, 1951) has been a U.S. Senator from South Carolina since 2005. ... Image File history File links Senate_cap. ... Harlan Fiske Stone (October 11, 1872 â€“ April 22, 1946) was an American lawyer and jurist who served as the dean of Columbia Law School, Attorney General of the United States, Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and later Chief Justice of the United States. ... Image File history File links Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court. ... Owen Josephus Roberts (May 2, 1875 â€“ May 17, 1955) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court for fifteen years. ... Hugo Black Hugo LaFayette Black (February 27, 1886 â€“ September 25, 1971) was a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1937 - 1971). ... Stanley Forman Reed ( December 31, 1884 – April 2, 1980) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court from 1938 to 1957. ... Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 â€“ February 22, 1965) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. ... William Orville Douglas (October 16, 1898 â€“ January 19, 1980) was a United States Supreme Court Associate Justice. ... For the Australian rules footballer, see Frank Murphy (footballer). ... Robert Houghwout Jackson (February 13, 1892â€“October 9, 1954) was United States Attorney General (1940â€“1941) and an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court (1941â€“1954). ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.â€“4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801â€“09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... Edmund Jennings Randolph (August 10, 1753 â€“ September 12, 1813) was an American attorney, Governor of Virginia, Secretary of State, and the first United States Attorney General. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State Timothy Pickering Timothy Pickering (July 17, 1745 â€“ January 29, 1829) was the third United States Secretary of State, serving in that office from 1795 to 1800 under Presidents George Washington and John Adams. ... For other persons named John Marshall, see John Marshall (disambiguation). ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 â€“ June 28, 1836), was an American politician and the fourth President of the United States (1809â€“1817), and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. ... Robert Smith (November 3, 1757 â€“ November 26, 1842) was the second United States Secretary of the Navy from 1801 to 1809 and the sixth United States Secretary of State from 1809 to 1811. ... For other persons named James Monroe, see James Monroe (disambiguation). ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 â€“ February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and the sixth President of the United States (March 4, 1825 â€“ March 4, 1829). ... For his namesake son, see Henry Clay, Jr. ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the eighth President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ... Edward Livingston (May 26, 1764–May 23, 1836) was a prominent American jurist and statesman. ... Louis McLane Louis McLane (May 28, 1786–October 7, 1857) represented the state of Delaware in both the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and served as the Secretary of the Treasury and later the Secretary of State under President Andrew Jackson. ... Portait of U.S. Secretary of State John Forsyth John Forsyth (October 22, 1780 â€“ October 21, 1841) was a 19th century American politician from Georgia. ... Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 â€“ October 24, 1852), was a leading American statesman during the nations antebellum era. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State Abel P. Upshur Abel Parker Upshur (June 17, 1790â€“February 28, 1844) was an American lawyer and statesman. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, at the center of the foreign policy and financial disputes of his age and best known as a spokesman for... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 â€“ June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857â€“1861). ... John Middleton Clayton (July 24, 1796–November 9, 1856) was an American statesman from Delaware who served as a U.S. Senator and as the U.S. Secretary of State from 1849 to 1850. ... Daniel Webster (January 18, 1782 â€“ October 24, 1852), was a leading American statesman during the nations antebellum era. ... Edward Everett (April 11, 1794 â€“ January 15, 1865) was a Whig Party politician from Massachusetts. ... William Learned Marcy ( December 12, 1786– July 4, 1857) was an American statesman. ... Lewis Cass (October 9, 1782 â€“ June 17, 1866) was an American military officer and politician. ... Jeremiah Sullivan Black (January 10, 1810–August 19, 1883) was an American statesman and lawyer. ... William Henry Seward, Sr. ... Elihu Benjamin Washburne (September 23, 1816â€“October 22/23, 1887) was one of seven brothers that played a prominent role early in the formation of the United States Republican Party and the Lincoln and Grant administrations. ... Hamilton Fish Hamilton Fish, (3 August 1808â€“7 September 1893), born in New York City, was an American statesman who served as Governor of New York, United States Senator and United States Secretary of State. ... Photograph of U.S. Secretary of State William M. Evarts William Maxwell Evarts (February 6, 1818–February 28, 1901) was an American lawyer and statesman. ... James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 â€“ January 27, 1893) was a U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine and a two-time United States Secretary of State. ... Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen (August 4, 1817–May 20, 1885) was a member of the United States Senate from New Jersey and a United States Secretary of State. ... Thomas Francis Bayard, Sr. ... James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 â€“ January 27, 1893) was a U.S. Representative, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, U.S. Senator from Maine and a two-time United States Secretary of State. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State John W. Foster John Watson Foster (March 2, 1836 â€“ November 15, 1917) was an American military man, journalist and diplomat. ... Walter Quintin Gresham (March 17, 1832–May 28, 1895) was an American statesman and jurist. ... Richard Olney (September 15, 1835â€“April 8, 1917) was an American statesman. ... John Sherman John Sherman (May 10, 1823â€“October 22, 1900) was a Senator from Ohio and a member of the United States Cabinet. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Supreme Court justices | Judges of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit | U.S. Secretaries of State | Spanish-American War people | American lawyers | 1849 births | 1923 deaths ... John Milton Hay (October 8, 1838 â€“ July 1, 1905) was an American statesman, diplomat, author, journalist, and private secretary and assistant to Abraham Lincoln. ... Elihu Root (February 15, 1845 â€“ February 7, 1937) was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. ... Categories: Stub | 1860 births | 1919 deaths | U.S. Secretaries of State ... Philander C. Knox Philander Chase Knox (May 6, 1853â€“October 12, 1921) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Attorney General and U.S. Senator and was Secretary of State from 1909-1913. ... For other persons of the same name, see William Bryan. ... This article is about the former Secretary of State. ... Categories: Stub | 1869 births | 1950 deaths | U.S. Secretaries of State ... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 â€“ August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ... Frank Billings Kellogg (December 22, 1856 â€“ December 21, 1937) was an American politician and statesman. ... Henry L. Stimson Henry Lewis Stimson (September 21, 1867 â€“ October 20, 1950) was an American statesman, who served as Secretary of War, Governor-General of the Philippines, and Secretary of State at various times. ... Cordell Hull (October 2, 1871â€“July 23, 1955) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee. ... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. ... For other persons named George Marshall, see George Marshall (disambiguation). ... Dean Acheson Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 â€“ October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer; as United States Secretary of State in the late 1940s he played the central role in defining American foreign policy for the Cold War. ... John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888 â€“ May 24, 1959) served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. ... For the American physician (1865â€“1910), see Christian Archibald Herter (physician). ... David Dean Rusk (February 9, 1909 â€“ December 20, 1994) was the United States Secretary of State from 1961 to 1969 under presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson. ... William Pierce Rogers (June 23, 1913 â€“ January 2, 2001) was an American politician, who served as a Cabinet officer in the administrations of two U.S. Presidents in the third quarter of the 20th century. ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American politician, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Edmund Muskie (March 28, 1914 â€“ March 26, 1996) was an American Democratic politician from Maine. ... For other persons named Alexander Haig, see Alexander Haig (disambiguation). ... Shultz in his official D.O.L. portrait. ... James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagans first administration, Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the administration of President George H. W. Bush. ... Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (born August 1, 1930), is an American statesman and diplomat who served as The United States Secretary of State under President George H. W. Bush. ... Warren Minor Christopher (born October 27, 1925) is an American diplomat and lawyer. ... Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana KorbelovÃ¡, IPA: , on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush to hold the office. ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... A list of South Carolina Governors. ... This article is about the Governor and Chief Justice of the United States. ... Rawlins Lowndes (1722–1800) was an American lawyer and jurist from South Carolina. ... This article is about the Governor and Chief Justice of the United States. ... John Mathews (1744–November 17, 1802) was an American lawyer from Charleston, South Carolina. ... Benjamin Guerard (1739 â€“ December 21, 1788) was a lawyer, patriot of the Revolutionary War and a Governor of South Carolina from 1783 to 1785. ... William Moultrie (pronounced Mool-tree), 1730â€”1805, American Revolutionary general, b. ... Thomas Pinckney Thomas Pinckney (1750â€“1828), was an American soldier, politician, and diplomat. ... Charles Pinckney Charles Pinckney (October 26, 1757â€“October 29, 1824) was an American politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of South Carolina, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. ... William Moultrie (pronounced Mool-tree), 1730â€”1805, American Revolutionary general, b. ... Arnoldus Vanderhorst (March 21, 1748 â€“ January 29, 1815) was a General of the South Carolina militia during the Revolutionary War and Federalist Governor of South Carolina from 1794 to 1796. ... Charles Pinckney Charles Pinckney (October 26, 1757â€“October 29, 1824) was an American politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of South Carolina, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. ... Edward Rutledge Edward Rutledge (November 23, 1749â€“January 23, 1800), South Carolina statesman, was a signer of the Declaration of Independence and later governor of South Carolina. ... John Drayton (June 22, 1766 â€“ November 27, 1822) was a Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina on two non-consecutive occasions from 1800 to 1802 and 1808 to 1810. ... James Burchill Richardson (October 28, 1770 â€“ April 28, 1836) was a Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina from 1802 to 1804. ... U.S. Navy collection portrait of Paul Hamilton. ... Charles Pinckney Charles Pinckney (October 26, 1757â€“October 29, 1824) was an American politician who was a signer of the United States Constitution, Governor of South Carolina, a Senator and a member of the House of Representatives. ... John Drayton (June 22, 1766 â€“ November 27, 1822) was a Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina on two non-consecutive occasions from 1800 to 1802 and 1808 to 1810. ... Henry Midleton (September 28, 1770â€“June 14, 1846) was an American planter and political leader from Charleston, South Carolina. ... Joseph Alston (1779 â€“ September 19, 1816) was a Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina from 1812 to 1814. ... WILLIAMS, David Rogerson, a Representative from South Carolina; born in Robbins Neck, S.C., March 8, 1776; attended school at Wrentham, Mass. ... Andrew Pickens (November 13, 1779–July 1, 1838) was an American military and political leader who served as Governor of South Carolina (1816 - 1818). ... John Geddes (December 25, 1777 â€“ March 4, 1828) was an antebellum Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina from 1818 to 1820. ... Thomas Bennett, Jr. ... John Lyde Wilson (May 24, 1784 â€“ February 12, 1849) was an antebellum Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina from 1822 to 1824 and an ardent supporter of dueling. ... Richard Irvine Manning I (May 1, 1789 â€“ May 1, 1836) was an antebellum Democratic-Republican Governor of South Carolina from 1824 to 1826 and was later a Representative in the United States Congress. ... John Taylor was the Democratic-Republican governor of South Carolina from 1826 to 1828. ... Stephen Decatur Miller (May 8, 1787 - March 8, 1838) was an American politician. ... James Hamilton, Jr. ... Robert Young Hayne (November 10, 1791â€“September 24, 1839) was an American political leader. ... George McDuffie (1788 - 11 March 1851) was a Governor of South Carolina and a member of the United States Senate. ... Pierce Mason Butler (April 11, 1798)â€“(August 20, 1847) was an American statesman who served as Governor of South Carolina from 1836 to 1838. ... Patrick Noble (1787 â€“ April 7, 1840) was an antebellum Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1838 until his death in 1840. ... Barnabas Kelet Henagan (June 7, 1798 â€“ January 10, 1855) was a physician and South Carolina politician who became Governor due to the death of Patrick Noble on April 7, 1840. ... John Peter Richardson II (April 14, 1801 â€“ January 24, 1864) was an antebellum Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1840 to 1842. ... James Henry Hammond (November 15, 1807 â€“ November 13, 1864) was a politician from South Carolina. ... William Aiken, Jr. ... David Johnson (October 3, 1782 â€“ January 7, 1855) was an antebellum Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1846 to 1848. ... Whitemarsh Benjamin Seabrook (June 30, 1793 â€“ April 16, 1855) was an antebellum Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1848 to 1850. ... John Hugh Means (August 18, 1812 â€“ August 29, 1862) was an antebellum Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1850 to 1852 and an infantry colonel in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. ... John L Manning was Governor of South Carolina, USA from 1852 to 1854. ... James Hopkins Adams (March 15, 1812â€“July 13, 1861) was a politician from South Carolina. ... Robert Francis Withers Allston, Governor of South Carolina. ... William Henry Gist (August 22, 1807 â€“ September 30, 1874) was a Democratic Governor of South Carolina from December 10, 1858 to December 17, 1860 and a leader of the secession movement in South Carolina. ... Governor-elect Francis W. Pickens in 1860 (from Harpers Weekly) Francis Wilkinson Pickens (April 7, 1805 â€“ January 25, 1869) was an American lawyer and politician who served as Governor of South Carolina when the state seceded from the United States during the American Civil War. ... Milledge Luke Bonham (December 25, 1813â€“August 27, 1890) was a 19th century American politician and Congressman who served as the Governor of South Carolina from 1862 until 1864. ... Andrew Gordon Magrath (February 8, 1813 â€“ April 9, 1893) was the last Confederate Governor of South Carolina. ... Benjamin Franklin Perry (November 20, 1805 â€“ December 3, 1886) was a provisional Governor of South Carolina appointed by President Andrew Johnson after the end of the Civil War. ... James Lawrence Orr James Lawrence Orr (May 12, 1822 â€“ May 5, 1873) was an American politician who served as Speaker of the United States House of Representatives in the United States Congress. ... Biographical Overview Born: July 8, 1826 in Armstrong County, PA. His grandfather fought in the Revolution, and his father in the war of 1812-15. ... Franklin Israel Moses, Jr. ... Daniel Henry Chamberlain (June 23, 1835–1907) was a governor of South Carolina and member of the Yale based Skull and Bones Society. ... Wade Hampton during the Civil War Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 â€“ April 11, 1902) was a Confederate cavalry leader during the American Civil War and afterwards a politician from South Carolina, representing it as governor and U.S. Senator. ... William Dunlap Simpson (October 1823 - December 26, 1890) was Governor of South Carolina from February 26, 1879, when the previous governor, Wade Hampton, resigned to take his seat in the U.S. Senate, until 1880, when Simpson resigned to become Chief Justice of the South Carolina Supreme Court. ... Thomas Bothwell Jeter (October 13, 1827 â€“ May 20, 1883) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from September 1, 1880 to November 30, 1880. ... Johnson Hagood Johnson Hagood (February 21, 1828 â€“ January 4, 1898) was a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army and a Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1880 to 1882. ... Hugh Smith Thompson (January 24, 1836 â€“ November 20, 1904) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1882 to 1886. ... John Calhoun Sheppard (July 5, 1850 â€“ October 7, 1931) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from July 10, 1886 to November 30, 1886. ... John Peter Richardson III (September 25, 1831 â€“ July 6, 1899) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1886 to 1890. ... Benjamin Tillman Benjamin Ryan Tillman (August 11, 1847 - July 3, 1918) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina from 1890 to 1894 and as a United States Senator from 1895 until his death. ... John Gary Evans (October 15, 1863 â€“ June 27, 1942) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1894 to 1897. ... William Ellerbe William Haselden Ellerbe (April 7, 1862 â€“ June 2, 1899) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1897 to 1899. ... Miles Benjamin McSweeney (April 18, 1855 â€“ September 29, 1909) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from June 2, 1899 to January 20, 1903. ... Duncan Clinch Heyward (June 24, 1864 â€“ January 23, 1943) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from January 20, 1903 to January 15, 1907. ... Martin Frederick Ansel (December 12, 1850 â€“ August 23, 1945) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1907 to 1911. ... Coleman Livingston Blease (October 8, 1868â€“January 19, 1942) was a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina known for his populist appeals and racism. ... Charles Aurelius Smith (January 22, 1861 â€“ April 1, 1916) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from January 14, 1915 to January 19, 1915. ... Richard Irvine Manning III (August 15, 1859 - September 11, 1931) was a politician from the U.S. state of South Carolina. ... Robert Archer Cooper (June 12, 1874 â€“ August 7, 1953) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from January 21, 1919 to May 20, 1922. ... Wilson Godfrey Harvey (September 8, 1866 â€“ October 7, 1932) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from May 20, 1922 to January 16, 1923. ... Thomas Gordon McLeod (December 17, 1868 â€“ December 11, 1932) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1923 to 1927. ... John Gardiner Richards, Jr. ... Ibra Charles Blackwood (November 21, 1878 â€“ February 12, 1936) was Democratic Governor of South Carolina from 1931 to 1935. ... Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston (November 18, 1896 - April 18, 1965) was a Politician from the U.S. State of South Carolina. ... Burnet Rhett Maybank (March 7, 1899 - September 1, 1954) was a U.S. Senator and governor of South Carolina. ... Biographical Overview Born: September 14, 1880 in Williston, South Carolina Died: February 27, 1942 while Governor of South Carolina. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Olin DeWitt Talmadge Johnston (November 18, 1896 - April 18, 1965) was a Politician from the U.S. State of South Carolina. ... Biographical Overview â€¢ Born: January 4, 1892 in Cope, South Carolina â€¢ Died: January 7, 1970 â€¢ Buried: â€¢ Religion: Baptist â€¢ Political Party: Democrat Education â€¢ Medical College of South Carolina - Charleston, SC Occupation â€¢ Pharmacist Major Events and Accomplishments, 1945â€“1947 â€¢ A retirement system for teachers and other state, county, and city employees was created... James Strom Thurmond (December 5, 1902 â€“ June 26, 2003) was an American politician who served as governor of South Carolina and as a United States Senator representing that state. ... George Bell Timmerman, Jr. ... Ernest Frederick Fritz Hollings (born January 1, 1922) was a Democratic United States Senator from South Carolina from 1966 to January 3, 2005. ... Donald Stuart Russell (February 22, 1906-February 22, 1998) was Democratic Senator from South Carolina. ... Robert Evander McNair (born December 14, 1923 in Cades, South Carolina) was governor of the U.S. state of South Carolina from 1965 to 1971. ... John C. West (August 27, 1922-March 21, 2004), U.S. Democratic Party politician, He served as Governor of South Carolina from 1971 to 1975. ... James Burrows Edwards (born June 24, 1927) is an American politician and administrator. ... Richard Wilson Riley (born January 2, 1933), American politician, was the United States Secretary of Education under President Bill Clinton as well as the Governor of South Carolina, is a member of the Democratic Party. ... Front page of The State after Campbells death. ... David Muldrow Beasley (born February 26, 1957) is a United States politician. ... Gov. ... Marshall Mark Clement Sanford, Jr. ...

Contents

Early life and career GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");