Scottish Royalty- House of Stewart Robert II Children    Prince Robert    Prince Alexander    Robert, Duke of Albany Robert III    Prince David    Prince James James I Children    Prince James James II Children    Prince James James III Children    Prince James James IV Children    Prince James    James, Earl of Moray James V Children    Princess Mary    James, Earl of Moray Mary I Children    Prince James James VI Children    Prince Charles Charles I Children    Prince Charles    Prince James    Princess Mary    Princess Henrietta Charles II James VII Children    Princess Mary    Princess Anne    Prince James Mary II William II Anne

James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. The House of Stuart or Stewart was a Scottish, and then British, Royal House of Breton origin. ... File links The following pages link to this file: Mary I of Scotland James V of Scotland James IV of Scotland James I of Scotland Robert II of Scotland Robert III of Scotland James III of Scotland James II of Scotland Template:House of Bruce Template:House of Stewart(Scotland... Robert II (March 2, 1316 – April 19, 1390), king of Scotland, called the Steward, a title that gave the name to the House of Stewart (or Stuart). ... Robert III (c. ... Alexander Stewart or Stuart, nicknamed the Wolf (1343 - July 24, 1394), was a Scottish prince and the first Earl of Buchan of the second creation of the title, from 1382 to his death. ... Robert Stewart or Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany (c. ... Robert III (c. ... David Stewart (October 24, 1378 - 1402) was (from 1390) the heir to the throne of Scotland and (from 1398) the first Duke of Rothesay. ... James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as king of Scotland from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as king of Scotland from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... James III of Scotland(1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... James III of Scotland(1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... James IV (March 17, 1473 – September 9, 1513) was king of Scotland from 1488 to 1513. ... James IV (March 17, 1473 – September 9, 1513) was king of Scotland from 1488 to 1513. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... James Stewart, Earl of Moray (c. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Mary Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was Queen of Scots, monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland, from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567; and Queen Consort of France from July 10, 1559... James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray (c. ... Mary I of Scotland (Mary Stuart or Mary Stewart) (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587), better known as Mary, Queen of Scots, was Queen of Scots, monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland, from December 14, 1542 – July 24, 1567; and Queen Consort of France from July 10, 1559... James VI of Scotland and James I of England and Ireland (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland. ... James VI of Scotland and James I of England and Ireland (Charles James) (19 June 1566–27 March 1625) was King of England, King of Scotland, and King of Ireland. ... Charles I (19 November 1600–30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625, until his execution. ... Charles I (19 November 1600–30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625, until his execution. ... Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... James II of England and VII of Scotland ( 14 October 1633–16 September 1701 ) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Mary, Princess Royal and Princess Orange-Nassau (4 November 1631 - 24 December 1660) was the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland and his queen, Henrietta Maria. ... Henrietta Anne Stuart (June 16, 1644 - June 30, 1670), sometimes known familiarly as Minette, was the youngest daughter of King Charles I of England and Queen Henrietta Maria of France. ... Charles II (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... James II of England and VII of Scotland ( 14 October 1633–16 September 1701 ) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 6 February 1685. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689 until her death, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... Anne ( 6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England, Queen of Scotland and Queen of Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) who is more commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689 until her death, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... William III King of England, Scotland and Ireland William III and II (14 November 1650–8 March 1702; also known as William Henry and William of Orange) was Prince of Orange from his birth, King of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and King of Scotland from 11 April... Anne ( 6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714 ) became Queen of England, Queen of Scotland and Queen of Ireland on 8 March 1702. ... October 16 is the 289th day of the year (290th in Leap years). ... // Events May 23 - Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne The Ottoman Empire captures Thessalonica from the Venetians First use of optical methods in the creation of Art A map of Europe in 1430. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... ... Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ...

James was son of James I of Scotland and Joan Beaufort, daughter of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset and Margaret Holland. He had an elder twin, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay, who lived long enough to be knighted, but died in infancy. He was later father of James III. He was known as "Fiery face" because of a conspicuous vermilion birthmark on his face. He also had six sisters, who were married into the royal dynasties of Europe. James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as king of Scotland from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... Joan Beaufort c. ... John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (c. ... Margaret Holland (1385 - 30 Dec 1429) was the daughter of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent, who was the son of Joan the Fair Maid of Kent, (wife of Edward the Black Prince and mother of Richard II of England) and grandson of Edward I of England. ... Alexander Stewart, Duke of Rothesay (October 16, 1430 – 1430). ... James III of Scotland(1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ...

Inheriting the throne at under seven years old, most of James' reign saw the government in the hands of others. James I's death had been an attempt to usurp power by Walter Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl, but it failed miserably and Atholl and his allies were captured and executed in the months after the assassination.

The government was led (1437-1439) by Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Douglas, as lieutenant-general of the realm. After his death, and with a general lack of high status earls in Scotland because of death, forfeiture or their young age, power was shared uneasily between William, 1st lord Crichton, chancellor of Scotland, sometimes in cooperation with James 'the gross' Douglas, Earl of Buchan, and Sir Alexander Livingston of Callendar, who had possession of the young king in his stronghold of Stirling castle. Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ... Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ...

In 1440 Stirling was also the location for the 'Black Dinner' where the young William Douglas, 6th Earl of Douglas and his brother were summarily executed. The blame has tended to be put at the feet of Crichton, Livingston and particularly Buchan, as Douglas's death brought him the earldom of Douglas (as 7th earl of Douglas), and the position as the most powerful magnate in Scotland. For alternative meanings, see number 1440. ...

The precise details of who ran the government year by year between 1439 and 1445 are complex and far from certain, but in 1445 the Livingstons cooperated with William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas, son of the recently deceased 7th Earl, to throw Crichton from power. Douglas now took on the lead in governing Scotland until 1449, placing his brothers and other family members in positions of power. Yet the wily Crichton soon returned to influence, now cooperating with the Douglases. Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ... Events Discovery of Senegal and Cape Verde by Dinas Diaz Births March 1 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (died 1510) March 16 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss-born preacher (died 1510) Albert Brudzewski, Polish astronomer (died 1497) Nicolas Chuquet, French mathematician Deaths June 5 - Leonel Power, English composer June 11 - Henry... Events Discovery of Senegal and Cape Verde by Dinas Diaz Births March 1 - Sandro Botticelli, Italian painter (died 1510) March 16 - Johann Geiler von Kaisersberg, Swiss-born preacher (died 1510) Albert Brudzewski, Polish astronomer (died 1497) Nicolas Chuquet, French mathematician Deaths June 5 - Leonel Power, English composer June 11 - Henry... Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ...

In 1449 James II emerged into adulthood, yet in many ways his 'active kingship' was little different from his minority. The Douglases used his emergence into adulthood as a way to throw the Livingstons out of the shared government, as the young king took revenge for the brief arrest of his mother (in turn as a means to remove her from political influence) that had taken place in 1439. Douglas and Crichton continued to dominate political power, and the king's ability to rule without them was arguably limited. Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ... Events Battle of Grotnik, which ended the hussite movement in Poland Eric of Pomerania, King of Sweden, Denmark and Norway is declared deposed in Sweden. ...

But James was a not a king to put up with this situation without argument, and between 1451 and 1455 he struggled to free himself from the power of the Douglases. Attempts to curb Douglas power were seen in 1451, when Douglas was out of the country, and culminated with the murder of the 8th Earl of Douglas at Stirling Castle on February 22, 1452. The king had accused the earl, probably with justification, of making bonds with John Macdonald, 11th Earl of Ross (aka the Lord of the Isles) and Alexander Lindsay, 4th Earl of Crawford. This bond would have created a dangerous axis of powerful and independently-minded men that was a major threat to royal power. When, allegedly, Douglas refused to break the bond, James flew into a temper and stabbed Douglas to death. His court officials (many of whom would rise to great influence in later years, often in former Douglas lands) then joined in the bloodbath, one even striking out the earl's brains with an axe. // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... Stirling Castle (southwest aspect) Stirling Castle is an historic castle in Stirling, Scotland. ... February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events October - English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight. ...

This murder did not remove the power of the Douglases, but rather created a state of intermittent civil war between 1452 and 1455. James attempted to seize Douglas lands, but was forced into repeated climb-downs, whereby he returned the lands to James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas and a brief and uneasy peace ensued. Military campaigns ended indecisively, and it has been argued by some that James was in serious danger of being overthrown, or having to flee the country. But James' patronage of lands, titles and office to allies of the Douglases saw their allies begin to change sides, most tellingly the Earl of Crawford, and in 1455 James was finally able to make a decisive blow against the Douglases, and they were finally defeated at the battle of Arkinholm in May 1455. Events October - English troops under John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, land in Guyenne, France, and retake most of the province without a fight. ... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat...

In the months that followed the extensive Douglas lands were forfeited and permanently annexed to the crown by the Parliament of Scotland, as were many other lands, finances and castles. The earl fled into a long English exile. James was finally free to govern as he wished, and it can be argued that his successors as kings of Scots never faced such a powerful challenge to their authority again. Along with the forfeiture of the Albany Stewarts in reign of James I, the destruction of the Black Douglases saw royal power in Scotland take a major step forward. The article on the body established in 1999 is at Scottish Parliament. ...

Between 1455 and 1460 James II proved to be an active and interventionist king. Ambitions to take Orkney and Shetland and the Isle of Man to Scotland were not successful. The king travelled the country, and seems to have originated the practice of raising money by giving remissions for serious crimes. In 1458 an act of parliament seems to criticise the king, but it is difficult to say how his reign would have developed had he lived longer. // Events February 9 - Wars of the Roses: Richard, Duke of York dismissed as Protector February 23 - Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible on a printing press May 22 - Wars of the Roses: First Battle of St Albans - Richard, Duke of York and his ally, Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick defeat... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... The Orkney Islands form one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and are a Lieutenancy Area. ... See Shetland (disambiguation) for other meanings. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ...

James was an enthusiast for modern artillery, which he used with some success against the Black Douglases. His ambitions to increase Scotland's standing saw him besiege Roxburgh castle in 1460, one of the last Scottish castles still held by the English after the Wars of Independence. On August 3 James was killed when one of his cannon exploded. The Scots carried on with the siege and took the castle. Historically, Roxburgh was an important Scottish town. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... The Wars of Scottish Independence were a series of military campaigns fought between Scotland and England in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ...

He married Mary of Gueldres at Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, on July 3, 1449. They had seven children, including James III of Scotland and the abducted Margaret. Queen consort of Scotland Mary of Gueldres (c. ... Image:Holrodab. ... July 3 is the 184th day of the year (185th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 181 days remaining. ... Events January 6 - Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor. ... James III of Scotland(1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ...

A footnote

Lindsay of Pitscottie, about 1728, wrote concerning the accident that befell King James II as he was standing near a piece of artillery, that "his thigh-bone was dung in two with a piece of misframed gun that brake in shooting, by the which he was stricken to the ground and died hastily." Events Astronomical aberration discovered by the astronomer James Bradley Swedish academy of sciences founded at Uppsala Births January 9 - Thomas Warton, English poet (d. ...