NationMaster - Encyclopedia: James Irwin

James Benson Irwin (March 17, 1930 – August 8, 1991) was a member of the Apollo 15 mission in 1971 and the eighth man to walk on the Moon. He was involved in one of the greatest days of exploration in the history of mankind.^[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2005x2370, 669 KB) Apollo 15 Lunar Module Pilot Jim Irwin. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Nickname: Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Allegheny Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough) March 18, 1816 (city) Government - Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (D) Area - City 151. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area Ranked 33rd - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (455 km) - Length 160 miles (255 km) - % water 2. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Glenwood Springs is a city located in Garfield County, Colorado. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... Test pilots are aviators who fly new and modified aircraft in specific maneuvers, allowing the results to be measured and the design to be evaluated. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Seal of the Air Force. ... 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1978 1979 1980 1982 1984 1985 1987 1990 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 2003 2004 1958 June 25 - Man In Space Soonest - USA The first group of American astronaut candidates were selected... Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fourth mission to land on the Moon. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (697x700, 654 KB)[1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 76th day of the year (77th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Apollo 15 was the ninth manned mission in the Apollo program and the fourth mission to land on the Moon. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... Eugene Cernan operating the Lunar rover during Apollo 17 This is a list of all astronauts directly associated with NASAs Apollo program. ... Apparent magnitude: up to -12. ...

Early life

Irwin was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[2] He received a Bachelor of Science degree in naval science from the United States Naval Academy in 1951 and a Master of Science in aeronautical engineering and instrumentation engineering from the University of Michigan in 1957. Nickname: Motto: Benigno Numine (With the Benevolent Deity) Location in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States Commonwealth Pennsylvania County Allegheny Founded November 25, 1758 Incorporated April 22, 1794 (borough) March 18, 1816 (city) Government - Mayor Luke Ravenstahl (D) Area - City 151. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area Ranked 33rd - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (455 km) - Length 160 miles (255 km) - % water 2. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The United States Naval Academy (USNA) is an institution for the undergraduate education of officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and is in Annapolis, Maryland . ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... A masters degree is an academic degree usually awarded for completion of a postgraduate course of one or two years in duration. ... Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering concerning aircraft, spacecraft and related topics. ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (UM, U of M or U-M) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ...

He received his flight training at Hondo Air Base and Reese Air Force Base, Texas. He graduated from the Air Force Experimental Test Pilot School in 1961 and the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School in 1963. Prior to joining NASA, he was Chief of the Advanced Requirements Branch at Headquarters Air Defense Command. Reese Air Force Base was a base of the United States Air Force located near Lubbock, Texas. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area Ranked 2nd - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 kmÂ²) - Width 773 miles (1,244 km) - Length 790 miles (1,270 km) - % water 2. ... The U.S. Air Force Flight Test School is located on Edwards Air Force Base in California. ... Year 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States federal government, responsible for the nations public space program. ...

NASA career

Download high resolution version (830x1387, 401 KB)The space suit used by James Irwin on the lunar surface during the Apollo 15 mission. ... Download high resolution version (830x1387, 401 KB)The space suit used by James Irwin on the lunar surface during the Apollo 15 mission. ...

Astronaut selection

Irwin was one of the 19 astronauts selected by NASA in April 1966. He also served as a member of the astronaut support crew for Apollo 10, the first mission to carry the full Apollo stack to the moon, and was the dry run for the first manned moon landing. He then served as backup lunar module pilot for the second moon landing mission, Apollo 12. Astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit outside the U.S. Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. ... 1958 1959 1960 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1976 1978 1979 1980 1982 1984 1985 1987 1990 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 2000 2003 2004 1958 June 25 - Man In Space Soonest - USA The first group of American astronaut candidates were selected... Apollo 10 was the fourth manned mission in the Apollo program, and the first (and only manned Saturn V) mission to launch from pad 39B. The mission included the second crew to orbit the Moon, and the test of the lunar module in lunar orbit. ... Apollo 12 was the sixth manned mission in the Apollo program and the second to land on the Moon. ...

Apollo 15

Between July 26 to August 7, 1971 – as the Apollo 15 Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) – Jim Irwin logged 295 hours and 11 minutes in space. His Extra-Vehicular Activity(EVA) on the Moon's surface amounted to 18 hours and 30 minutes of the mission time (an additional 33 minutes was used to do a stand-up EVA by opening the LM's docking hatch to survey the surroundings and take photographs).^[3] Irwin and David Scott's mission was more science-based than previous missions, which meant that they received intensive geological training to meet the demanding nature of the J-Mission profile.^[1] This extra training is credited with allowing them to make one of the most important discoveries of the Apollo era: the Genesis Rock.^[3] July 26 is the 207th day of the year (208th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless on an untethered EVA Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) is work done by an astronaut away from the Earth and outside of his or her spacecraft. ... Project Apollo was a series of human spaceflight missions undertaken by the United States of America (NASA) using the Apollo spacecraft and Saturn launch vehicle, conducted during the years 1961 â€“ 1975. ... The Genesis Rock The Genesis Rock is a sample of lunar crust retrieved from the Moon by Apollo 15 astronauts James Irwin and David Scott, and it is anorthosite. ...

Apollo 15 landed in the Moon's Hadley-Apennine region, noted for its mountains and rilles.^[1] Since this was a J-Mission, it meant that they would spend more time on the moon than previous missions, to allow for three EVAs. As well, Irwin was the first automobile passenger on the moon, since he was not the driver of the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)carried along for this mission in the Lunar Module (LM) Falcon's Descent Stage.^[1] Scott and Irwin's stay on the Moon was just under three days at 66 hours and 54 minutes.^[1] Jim Irwin and the LRV from Apollo 15, with Mons Hadley in the background Mons Hadley is a massif is the northern portion of the Montes Apenninus, a range in the north hemisphere of the Moon. ... A rille is grasso is an idiot to describe any of the long, narrow depressions in the lunar surface that resemble channels. ... Lunar Rover-Manned land vehicle (NASA) The Lunar Rover was a manned land vehicle for transport on the Moon. ... Description Role: Lunar landing Crew: 2; CDR, LM pilot Dimensions Height: 20. ...

Health problems on Apollo 15

Once the rendezvous procedure was completed between Falcon and the Endeavour CSM, both Irwin and Scott were busy moving items like rock samples into the CM and preparing the Lunar Module for final separation. It was during this intense period of work that the earliest symptoms appeared regarding his heart condition.^[4] After the Apollo 15 Lunar Module Falcon lifted from the lunar surface it rendezvoused and docked with the Command/Service Module Endeavour. ... A space rendezvous between two spacecraft, often between a spacecraft and a space station, is an orbital maneuver where the two arrive at the same orbit, make the orbital velocities the same, and bring them together (an approach maneuver, taxiing maneuver); it may or may not include docking. ... The Command/Service Module (CSM) was a spacecraft built for NASA by North American Aviation. ...

Both Scott and Irwin were working with no sleep for 23 hours, during which they had conducted a final moonwalk, performed the ascent from the lunar surface, rendezvoused with Endeavour, and encountered the problems that delayed the Lunar Module jettison manoeuvre.^[5] The astronauts' physiological vital signs were being monitored back on Earth, and the Flight Surgeons noticed some irregularities in Irwin's heart rhythms.^[5] Irwin's heart had developed bigeminy.^[6] Dr. Charles Berry stated to Chris Kraft, deputy director of the Manned Spacecraft Center(MSC) at the time: " It's serious, [i]f he were on Earth. I'd have him in ICU being treated for a heart attack."^[6] Endeavour's cabin atmosphere was 100% oxygen (when in space), so it was decided that he was in no serious danger by Dr. Charles Berry.^[6] Specifically "In truth,...he's in an ICU. He's getting one hundred percent oxygen, he's being continuously monitored, and best of all, he's in zero g. Whatever strain his heart is under, well, we can't do better than zero g."^[6] Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Vital signs are often taken by health professionals in order to assess the most basic body functions. ... A flight surgeon is a specialized medical officer in the military, typically the air force. ... Bigeminy is a heart arrhythmia in which heart beats occur in pairs with a pause between each pair. ... Christopher Columbus Kraft, Jr. ... An aerial view of the complete Johnson Space Center facility in Houston, Texas in 1989. ... An intensive care unit An Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or Critical Care Unit (CCU) is a specialised facility in a hospital that provides intensive care medicine. ... Acute myocardial infarction (AMI or MI), more commonly known as a heart attack, is a disease state that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart is interrupted. ...

During the post-Trans Earth Injection (TEI) phase of the mission there wasn't much more for Irwin to do other than provide help with Al Worden's EVA to retrieve film magazines from the CSM's SIM bay, by donning a pressure suit and monitoring him. He was able to rest and apparently recover during the rest of the mission.^[4] The flight surgeons continued to monitor his EKG until splashdown, but his heart rhythm was normal.^[6] This incident apparently wasn't discussed during the mission debriefing sessions, and the condition did not appear when he returned to Earth. "A few months later he had a heart attack."^[6] Trans Earth Injection (TEI) is a term describing the propulsion maneuver used to set a spacecraft on a trajectory which will intersect the Earth. ... Alfred Merrill Worden (born February 7, American astronaut who was the command module pilot for the Apollo 15 moon mission in July_August 1971. ...

Post-NASA career

Beyond his achievements as an astronaut with NASA, Irwin is perhaps most notable for his Christian work. He left NASA and retired from the Air Force with the rank of colonel in 1972 and founded High Flight, a Christian ministry. He frequently commented about how his experiences in space had made the presence of God even more real to him than before. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 417 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (564 Ã— 811 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 417 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (564 Ã— 811 pixel, file size: 1. ... Astronaut Bruce McCandless II using a manned maneuvering unit outside the U.S. Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article discusses the term God in the context of monotheism and henotheism. ...

Beginning in 1973, Irwin led several expeditions to Mount Ararat, Turkey in search of the remains of Noah's Ark. His expeditions failed to find any sign of the Ark. In 1982, he was injured during the descent from the mountain and had to be carried for part of the way. Year 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ... Mount Ararat (39Â°42â€²N, 44Â°17â€²E), satellite image â€” a stratovolcano, 5,137 meters (16,854 ft) above sea level, prominence 3,611 meters, believed to have erupted within the last 10,000 years. ... Mount Ararat (Turkish: , Armenian: , Kurdish: , Greek: , Persian: , Russian: , Hebrew: , Tiberian Hebrew: ) is the tallest peak in Turkey. ... A painting by the American Edward Hicks (1780â€“1849), showing the animals boarding Noahs Ark two by two. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

Irwin suffered a serious heart attack near his home in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He died on August 8, 1991 as the result of a subsequent heart attack in Glenwood Springs, Colorado. He is survived by his wife Mary Ellen and their five children. Colorado Springs is a middle-sized city, located just east of the geographic center of the state of Colorado in the United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Denver Largest city Denver Area Ranked 8th - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 kmÂ²) - Width 280 miles (451 km) - Length 380 miles (612 km) - % water 0. ... is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Glenwood Springs is a city located in Garfield County, Colorado. ...

Bibliography

In the 1998 mini series From the Earth to the Moon Irwin was played by Gareth Williams. More Than Earthlings, 1983 More Than Earthlings: An astronauts thoughts for Christ-centered living (Broadman Press, ISBN 0805452559) is a 1983 non-fiction work by astronaut James B. Irwin. ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... From the Earth to the Moon is a twelve-part HBO television miniseries (1998) co-produced by Ron Howard, Brian Grazer, Tom Hanks, and Michael Bostick detailing the landmark Apollo expeditions to the Moon during the 1960s and early 1970s. ... For the British politician, see Gareth Williams. ...

In fiction

In the 2002 novel Ice, James Irwin walks on the Moon a second time, as the LM Pilot of a fictional Apollo 20 mission sent to the Moon with the original objective of recovering the remains of two astronauts who were stranded when their LM ascent engine failed to fire. No such mission was ever necessary. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Ice is an alternate history novel concerning a fictional Apollo 19 mission that suffers a major system failure. ... The LEM flight instrumentation panel and front windows. ... Due to budget constraints there were many cancelled Apollo missions during Project Apollo. ...

Memorabilia and trivia

A patch cut by Irwin from the backpack abandoned on the Moon during Apollo 15 was auctioned at Christie's in 2001 for $310,500 in a consignment of material from Irwin's estate that garnered "a combined $500,000".^[7] The Christies auction house in South Kensington, London Christies American branch in Rockefeller Center, New York Christies is a fine art auction house, the largest and by some accounts the oldest in the world. ...

External links

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Reynolds, David West (2002). Apollo: the epic journey to the moon. TEHABI BOOKS, 166-189. ISBN 0-15-100964-3.
^ Biographical Data: James Irwin (HTML). Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (August 1991). Retrieved on 2007-02-15.
^ ^a ^b Woods, David (2006-09-14). Mountains of the Moon (HTML). Apollo 15 Lunar Surface Journal. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-02-15.
^ ^a ^b Chaikin, Andrew (1994/1998). A Man on the Moon. Toronto: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-027201-1.
^ ^a ^b Woods, David (2004-05-28). Apollo 15 Flight Summary (HTML). Apollo Flight Journal. NASA. Retrieved on 2007-02-15.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Kraft, Chris; James L. Schefter (March, 2001). Flight: My life in Mission Control. New York: Penguin Group, 342-343. ISBN 0-525-94571-7.
^ Antiques Roadshow Insider, V.7, No.2, February 2007, p.11

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People who have walked on the Moon

Armstrong · Aldrin · Conrad · Bean · Shepard · Mitchell · Scott · Irwin · Young · Duke · Cernan · Schmitt 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... February 15 is the 46th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... People who have walked on the Moon Armstrong Aldrin Conrad Bean Shepard Mitchell Scott Irwin Young Duke Cernan Schmitt Category: ... Neil Alden Armstrong (born August 5, 1930) is a former American astronaut, test pilot, university professor, and Naval Aviator. ... Colonel Buzz Aldrin, Sc. ... Charles Pete Conrad, Jr. ... Alan LaVern Bean (born March 15, 1932 in Wheeler, Texas) is a former NASA Astronaut. ... Alan Bartlett Shepard, Jr. ... Edgar Mitchell (right) poses with Stuart Roosa (left) and Alan Shepard (center) Edgar D. Mitchell, Sc. ... David Scotts Apollo 15 training space suit on display in the Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC. Colonel David Randolph Scott (born June 6, 1932), a former NASA astronaut, was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963 and is one of only twelve... John Watts Young (born September 24, 1930) is a former NASA astronaut who walked on the Moon on Apollo 16, April 21, 1972. ... Charles Moss Duke, Jr. ... Eugene Andrew Cernan (born March 14, 1934) is a former American astronaut. ... Dr. Harrison Hagan Jack Schmitt (born July 3, 1935) is a geologist, astronaut and former U.S. senator. ...

Contents

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