James Lusk Alcorn (November 4, 1816–December 19, 1894) was a prominent American political figure in Mississippi during the 19th century. He served in the state house of representatives and senate during the 1840s and 1850s. During the American Civil War, he rose to the rank of general in the Confederate Army by war's end. He later served as Republican Governor from 1870 to 1871, and resigned to become a U.S. Senator (1871–1877).

Alcorn County, Mississippi is named in his honor.