Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945) and his son James Roosevelt (1907-1991) in 1934.

James Roosevelt (December 23, 1907 – August 13, 1991) was the second eldest and the first son born to President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Eleanor Roosevelt. He was born in New York City and graduated from Harvard University in 1930. Roosevelt married Betsey Cushing, one of the famous Cushing sisters. Shortly after graduating from Harvard University he joined Roosevelt's staff as presidential assistant. He was known as "the crown prince" and "assistant president." James and Betsey were divorced in 1940, after having moved to Hollywood, California, where James had accepted a job with Samuel Goldwyn. Image File history File links FDRandJR1934. ... December 23 is the 357th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (358th in leap years). ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... August 13 is the 225th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (226th in leap years), with 140 days remaining. ... 1991 (MCMXCI in Roman) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only person to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... Eleanor Roosevelt Anna Eleanor Roosevelt ( October 11, 1884 – November 7, 1962) was an American human rights activist, diplomat and as the wife of President of the United States Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the longest serving First Lady of the United States from 1933- 1945. ... Nickname: The Big Apple Motto: Official website: City of New York Location [[Image:|250px|250px|Location of City of New York, New York]] Location in the state of New York Government Counties (Boroughs) Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R... Harvard University is a private university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA and a member of the Ivy League. ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Betsey Maria Cushing Roosevelt Whitney (b. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Greetings from Hollywood Hollywood is a district of the city of Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., that extends from Vermont Avenue on the east to just beyond Laurel Canyon Boulevard above Sunset and Crescent Heights Boulevards on the west; the north to south boundary east of La Brea Avenue... Samuel Goldwyn (August 17, 1879, Warsaw, Poland – January 31, 1974, Los Angeles, California, United States) was a major producer of motion pictures. ...

The war years

James Roosevelt he worked as a Hollywood film executive until he joined the Marines in 1940. During World War II he was second-in-command of the 2nd Raider Battalion of the Marine Raiders, an early US Marine commando unit organized and trained to conduct guerrilla-style attacks behind enemy lines. Eventually he retired at the rank of Brigadier General, winning the Navy Cross and Silver Star in combat. James suffered from having flat feet, so while soldiers were required to wear boots, he was allowed to wear sneakers. He often appeared at FDR's side to help him walking and to help his father to create the appearance of walking. Marine Raiders on Bougainville, Solomon Islands, January 1944 The Marine Raiders were elite units established by the United States Marine Corps during World War II to conduct amphibious light infantry warfare, particularly in landing in rubber boats and operating behind the lines. ... United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is the second smallest of the five branches of the United States armed forces, with 170,000 active and 40,000 reserve Marines as of 2002. ... The Navy Cross The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps. ... The Silver Star is a United States military decoration and is the third highest medal for valor. ...

After the war

When World War II ended in 1945, James returned to California where he established a branch of his Boston insurance firm and tried to launch a political career. He served as chairman of the California State Democratic Central Committee and was elected to Congress from California's Twenty-sixth Congressional District. He served in Congress until 1965 when he lost in an attempt to unseat Sam Yorty as Mayor of Los Angeles, California. Shortly afterwards, President Lyndon Johnson appointed him a delegate to the United Nations Economic and Social Council. Samuel William Yorty (October 1, 1909 – June 5, 1998) was an outspoken politician from Los Angeles, California. ... This is a list of mayors of Los Angeles, California. ...

The closing years

James Roosevelt had four wives and six children. Toward the end of his life moved to California, where he wrote books about his family, a series Affectionately, F.D.R.,1959, 1975; My parents: a differing view., published by Playboy Press in 1976; and his last and most intriguing book, A Family Matter, published in 1980. James Roosevelt died in Newport Beach, California in 1991 of complications arising from a stroke and Parkinson's disease. He was 83 years old. Nickname: Motto: Official website: http://ci. ... A stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is suddenly interrupted. ...

The first Russian atomic bomb exploded in 1949.

Image File history File links A-BombRussian. ...

A Family Matter

During the Second World War, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt held a series of discussions with Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. Roosevelt's son James in his book A Family Matter (1980) describes their discussion at Yusupov Palace on the southern coast of Crimea in February, 1945: Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882–April 12, 1945), 32nd President of the United States, the longest-serving holder of the office and the only man to be elected President more than twice, was one of the central figures of 20th century history. ... Iosif (usually anglicized as Joseph) Vissarionovich Stalin (Russian: Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин), original name Ioseb Jughashvili (Georgian: იოსებ ჯუღაშვილი; see Other names section) (December 21, 1879[1] – March 5, 1953) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and leader of the Soviet Union. ... The Yalta Conference, sometimes called the Crimea Conference and codenamed the Argonaut Conference, was the wartime meeting from February 4 to 11, 1945 between the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Crimea /kraɪˈmia/ is a peninsula and an autonomous republic of Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ...

When I look around the conference table, Stalin said, I realize that in ten years we all may be dead. Ten years is not a long time in the world. In twenty years a new generation may not understand what the war has been about. In thirty, they may have made Hitler a hero again. Our grandchildren may be the enemies of each other if we do not make the proper settlements here.

I was thinking along similar lines, FDR answered and I would like your agreement to establish and support a world organization under the blueprint I have submitted in my report to the conference (FDR speaks here about the future United Nations). In addition, after Germany has been defeated, you will be a full participant in the attack on the Japanese mainland should such attack prove necessary.

Stalin replied. To the first I say we'll have to first renegotiate the arrangement of power within such a body. To the second, Russia has paid by far a greater price in lives than anyone else in this war. An attack on the Japanese, if they decide to fight to the death, is something I cannot ask the Russian people to do.

There was a period of silence and then Stalin asked: And what would the Russian people be offered in return for such sacrifices?

You would be given the plans for the Manhattan Project weapon. FDR replied.

When first published in 1980, the James Roosevelt's narrative about his father's and Joseph Stalin's agreement on nuclear balance was so explosive, that Simon and Schuster placed on the book's cover:

A Novel

James Roosevelt with Sam Toperoff

and on the book flaps repeatedly stressed that this book is not a memoir, but a fiction.

Within the context of oral history, an account of something passed down by a narrative from one generation to another, Krus et al. (1998) suggest that the allegorical interpretation of events should be always considered when the narrator wants to share his or her knowledge of these events, but for personal or other reasons cannot do it directly. James Roosevelt wrote this book toward the end of his life when other people write memoirs. However, he could not write: "My father gave Stalin the atom bomb," for many obvious reasons, especially when other people were executed (Julius and Ethel Rosenberg) for being accused of the same thing. However, the question remains how could the war ravaged Soviet Union explode the nuclear bomb after only a few years after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There are several points that indicate that perhaps James Roosevelt "novel" is not a novel after all: Oral history is an account of something passed down by word of mouth from one generation to another. ... The Rosenbergs Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg (1915-1953) and Julius Rosenberg (1918-1953) were American Communists who captured and maintained world attention after being tried, convicted, and executed for spying for the Soviet Union. ... For the movie about the decision process behind the dropping of the nuclear bomb on Hiroshima, see Hiroshima (film). ... Megane-bashi (Spectacles Bridge) Nagasaki ) (help· info), literally long peninsula, is the capital and the largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture. ...

• The information the Soviet Union may have received from spies was likely limited, as for security reasons, the Manhattan Project was tightly compartmentalized.

• The officer in charge of the Russian Lend Lease program, Major George Jordan claims in his (1965) book "From Major Jordan's Diaries" that FDR had provided materials from the Manhattan Project to the Soviet Union via the lend-lease shipments.

• At the Potsdam Conference, at July 24, 1945, President Truman told Premier Stalin that the U.S. possessed "a new weapon of unusual destructive force." Soviet Marshal Zhukov relates this event in his memoirs (1971, pp. 674-675) as follows:

As was later written abroad, at that moment Churchill fixed his gaze on Stalin's face, closely observing his reaction. However, Stalin did not betray his feelings and pretended that he saw nothing special in what Truman had imparted to him. Both Churchill and many other Anglo-American authors subsequently assumed that Stalin had really failed to fathom the significance of what he had heard. In actual fact, on returning to his quarters after this meeting Stalin, in my presence, told Molotov about his conversation with Truman. The latter reacted amost immediately. "Let them. We'll have to talk it over with Kurchatov and get him to speed things up." I realized that they were talking about research on the atomic bomb. It was clear already then that the US Government intended to use the atomic weapon for the purpose of achieving its Imperialist goals from a position of strength in "the cold war." This was amply corroborated on August 6 and 8. Without any military need whatsoever, the Americans dropped two atomic bombs on the peaceful and densely-populated Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

After returning from Yalta, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt publicly declared the first issue he discussed with Premier Stalin at the Yusupov Palace: Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1357x628, 51 KB) Summary Map for article Superpower showing the two Cold War superpowers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in red and the United States of America in blue. ... Control panels and operators for calutrons at the Y-12 Plant in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. ... Lend-Lease was a program of the United States Federal government during World War II that enabled the United States to provide the Allied nations with war matériel while the US was still officially a neutral country. ...

"The Crimean Conference ought to spell the end of a system of unilateral action, the exclusive alliances, the spheres of influence, the balances of power, and all the other expedients that have been tried for centuries — and have always failed. We propose to substitute for all these, a universal organization in which all peace-loving nations will finally have a chance to join."

It was upon his son to declare the second discussed issue that established balance of the nuclear power on the world scale, likely saved lives of millions of people, and kept a relative peace for the rest of the 20th century.

References

• Jordan, G. R. (1965) From Major Jordan's diaries. Western Islands, ASIN B0007EDYQQ.

• Krus, D.J, Nelsen, E.A. & Webb, J.M. (1998) Issues in oral history: elaboration of traumatic events: Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 928-930 (Request reprint).

• Roosevelt, J. (1959) Affectionately, F.D.R: A son's story of a lonely man. Harcourt, Brace, ASIN B0007DRJCM.

• Roosevelt, J. (1975) Affectionately, F. D. R: A son's story of a courageous man. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0837183294.

• Roosevelt, J. (1976) My parents: a differing view. Playboy Press. ISBN 0872234762.

• Roosevelt, J., & Toperoff, S. (1960) A family matter. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-24621-6.

• Zhukov, G. K. 91971) The Memoirs of Marshal Zhukov. New York: Delacorte Press.

See also

• Yalta conference
• Supreme crime