NationMaster - Encyclopedia: James Scullin

James Henry Scullin (September 18, 1876 – January 28, 1953), Australian Labor politician and ninth Prime Minister of Australia. Two days after he was sworn in as Prime Minister, the Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred, marking the beginning of the Great Depression and subsequent Great Depression in Australia. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Federal elections were held in Australia on October 12, 1929. ... Federal elections were held in Australia on December 19, 1931. ... Federal elections were held in Australia on September 15, 1934. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Rt Hon Stanley Bruce Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 - August 25, 1967), Australian politician and diplomat, later Viscount Bruce of Melbourne and Westminster, was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 â€“ 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... â€œVICâ€ redirects here. ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 Pick up Sticks(MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 28th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: A politician is an individual who is a formally recognized and active member of a government, or a person who influences the way a society is governed through an understanding of political power and group dynamics. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Crowd gathering on Wall Street. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... In 1931, over 1000 unemployed men marched from the Esplanade to the Treasury Building in Perth, Western Australia to see Premier Sir James Mitchell. ...

Early life

Scullin was born in the small town of Trawalla in western Victoria, the son of John Scullin, a railway worker, and Ann (née Logan), both of Irish Catholic descent from Derry. He was educated at state primary schools and then worked as a grocer in Ballarat while studying at night school and privately in public libraries and honing his public speaking skills in local debating clubs. He joined the Labor Party in 1903 and became an organiser for the Australian Workers' Union, then editor of a Labor newspaper in Ballarat, the Evening Echo. He was a devout Roman Catholic, a non-drinker and a non-smoker all his life. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... â€œVICâ€ redirects here. ... For other places with similar names, see Derry (disambiguation) and Londonderry (disambiguation). ... Location of Ballarat in Victoria (red) Ballarat Base Hospital For the electoral division in the Australian House of Representatives, see Division of Ballarat. ... ALP redirects here. ... The Australian Workers Union (AWU) is one of Australias largest and oldest trade unions. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

Early political career

Scullin stood for the House of Representatives seat of Division of Ballaarat, in 1906 against Alfred Deakin, but lost. In 1910 he was elected to the House for the country seat of Corangamite, but he was defeated in 1913 and went back to editing the Evening Echo. He established a reputation as one of Labor's leading public speakers and experts on finance, and was a strong opponent of conscription. After World War I he came close to outright pacifism. In 1922 he won a by-election for the safe Labor seat of Yarra in inner Melbourne, and in 1928 he was elected Labor leader following the resignation of Matthew Charlton. Australian House of Representatives chamber Entrance to the House of Representatives The Australian House of Representatives is one of the two houses (chambers) of the Parliament of Australia. ... The Division of Ballarat is an Australian Electoral Division in Victoria. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 â€“ 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... Corangamite is an federal electoral Division in Victoria, Australia. ... â€œThe Great War â€ redirects here. ... Pacifism is the opposition to war or violence as a means of settling disputes or gaining advantage. ... The Division of Yarra was a former Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ...

Prime Minister 1929-32

In 1929 the conservative government of Stanley Bruce fell when its industrial relations bill was defeated in the House of Representatives. In the subsequent elections Scullin campaigned as the defender of the industrial arbitration system and won a landslide victory, becoming Australia's first Roman Catholic Prime Minister. The conservatives, however, retained control of the Senate. Two days after Scullin took office on 22 October 1929, the New York stock market crashed and Australia became caught up in the worldwide Great Depression, with the Great Depression in Australia biting hard. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Rt Hon Stanley Bruce Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 - August 25, 1967), Australian politician and diplomat, later Viscount Bruce of Melbourne and Westminster, was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The 1929 stock market crash devastated economies worldwide The Wall Street Crash refers to the stock market crash that occurred on October 29, 1929, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed, leading eventually to the Great Depression. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... In 1931, over 1000 unemployed men marched from the Esplanade to the Treasury Building in Perth, Western Australia to see Premier Sir James Mitchell. ...

The Depression hit Australia hard in 1930, with the collapse in export markets for Australia's agricultural products causing mass unemployment. The Scullin government, guided by orthodox economic advice, was unable to cope, and the Labor Party was rent by internal conflict over how to respond. The Treasurer (finance minister), Ted Theodore, was an early advocate of Keynesian economic ideas, and advocated deficit financing as a means of reflating the economy, but his Cabinet colleagues Joseph Lyons and James Fenton strongly supported traditional deflationary economic policies. Hon Ted Theodore Edward Granville Theodore (29 December 1884 - 28 February 1950), Australian politician, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the second son of a Romanian immigrant called Basil Teodorescu. ... Keynesian economics, or Keynesianism, is an economic theory based on the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, as put forward in his book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, published in 1936 in response to the Great Depression of the 1930s. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 â€“ 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... James Edward Fenton (1864-1950) was an Australian politician. ...

In June 1930 the government suffered a heavy loss when Theodore was forced to resign after he was criticised by a Queensland Royal Commission inquiring into a scandal (the Mungana affair) dating back to Theodore's time as Premier of Queensland. Scullin took over the Treasury portfolio. Matters were made worse by Scullin's decision to travel to London to seek an emergency loan and to attend the Imperial Conference. While in London, Scullin succeeded in gaining loans for Australia at reduced interest. He also succeeded in having King King George V appoint Sir Isaac Isaacs as the first Australian-born Governor-General, despite the King's reluctance and the furious response of the conservative opposition in Australia, who attacked the appointment as tantamount to republicanism. The Mungana Affair involved the selling of some mining properties in the Chillagoe-Mungana districts of northern Queensland, Australia to the Queensland government, at a grossly inflated price. ... Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Motto(s): Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Quentin Bryce Premier Anna Bligh (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 28 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $158,506 (3rd... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Imperial Conferences were gatherings of British Empire government leaders in London in 1887, 1897, 1902, 1907, 1911, 1921, 1923, 1926, 1930 and 1937. ... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert; 3 June 1865 â€“ 20 January 1936) was the first British monarch belonging to the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Sir Isaac Alfred Isaacs GCB GCMG (6 August 1855â€“12 February 1948), Australian judge and politician, was the ninth Governor-General of Australia and the first Australian to occupy that post. ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ...

With Scullin out of the country for the whole second half of 1930, Fenton (as acting Prime Minister) and Lyons (as acting Treasurer) were left in charge and insisted on pursuing deflationary policies, arousing great opposition in the Labor caucus. In regular contact with Fenton and Lyons in London through the awkward means of cables, Scullin felt he had no choice but to agree to the recommendations of advisers from the Bank of England, supported by Lyons and Fenton, that government spending be heavily cut, despite the suffering this caused. These decisions led to furious infighting in the government and destroyed any semblance of party unity. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Headquarters Coordinates , , Governor Mervyn King Central Bank of United Kingdom Currency Pound sterling ISO 4217 Code GBP Base borrowing rate 5. ...

During 1931 the Scullin government disintegrated. In January, Scullin returned to Australia and decided to reinstate Theodore as Treasurer. Lyons, Fenton and their supporters resigned from the ministry in protest and soon joined up with the Nationalist Opposition to form the United Australia Party, led by Lyons. Meanwhile the Labor Premier of New South Wales, Jack Lang was campaigning for economic policies much more left-wing than Theodore's, calling for Australia to repudiate its foreign debt and take other radical measures. In March, Lang's supporters in the federal Parliament had split from the Labor Party, forming a "Lang Labor" group, which, combined with the defections of Lyons and his supporters, had deprived the Scullin Government of its majority in the House of Representatives. However, the Government limped on until November, due to the reluctance of the Langite MPs to vote it down. Finally, however, on 25 November 1931, the Langite MPs, attacking the government with accusations of impropriety, voted with the Opposition to pass a motion of no confidence, forcing an early election. The Nationalist Party of Australia was an Australian political party formed in 1917 from a merger of pro-conscription members of the Labor Party (who had been operating under the banner National Labor after their earlier split with the Labor party) with the Commonwealth Liberal Party. ... The United Australia Party or UAP was an Australian political party that was the political successor to the Nationalist Party of Australia. ... â€œNSWâ€ redirects here. ... John Thomas Lang (December 21, 1876 - September 27, 1975) was a prominent Australian politician during the early twentieth century. ... is the 329th day of the year (330th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... A motion of no confidence, also called a motion of non-confidence, a censure motion, a no-confidence motion, or simply a confidence motion, is a parliamentary motion traditionally put before a parliament by the opposition in the hope of defeating or embarrassing a government. ...

Labor was defeated in a massive landslide 1931. The official Labor Party, which had won 46 seats out of 75 in the House of Representatives in 1929, was reduced to a mere 14 (Lang Labor won another 4), and Lyons became Prime Minister. Scullin felt traumatised by the experience of presiding over such a disastrous period, but stayed on as Labor leader. After losing another election in 1934, he resigned the leadership. He remained in Parliament and became a trusted adviser to later Labor Prime Ministers John Curtin and Ben Chifley. He retired in 1949 and died in Melbourne in 1953 at the age of 76. Historians have judged him as a conscientious, well-meaning politician who was simply overwhelmed by events. This article is about the Australian Prime Minister. ... Joseph Benedict Chifley (22 September 1885 â€“ 13 June 1951), Australian politician and 16th Prime Minister of Australia, was one of Australias most influential Prime Ministers. ...

As Leader of the Opposition, Scullin had been a vocal opponent of the cost of The Lodge, the official residence of the Prime Minister. True to his word, he and his wife lived at the Hotel Canberra during parliamentary sessions, and at their home in Melbourne at other times.^[1] This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Hotel Canberra is in Yarralumla, near Lake Burley Griffin and Parliament House. ...

Sarah Scullin

While no specific record of Sarah Scullin’s work as prime ministerial wife is available, a trace of her official, ceremonial and social duties can be gleaned from newspaper accounts of Scullin’s daily appointments. For instance, a three-day visit to Sydney soon after taking office involved Sarah Scullin’s participation in a wreath-laying ceremony at the Cenotaph, the silver jubilee banquet of the Labor women’s organising committee at Trades Hall in Sussex Street, and a lunch hosted by the New South Wales Institute of Journalists.

See also

The Scullin Ministry was the twentieth Australian Commonwealth ministry, and ran from 22nd October 1929 to 6th January 1932. ...

References

External links

Categories: 1876 births | 1953 deaths | Australian Labor Party politicians | Australian Leaders of the Opposition | Australian Roman Catholics | Irish Australians | Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Corangamite | Members of the Australian House of Representatives for Yarra | Members of the Cabinet of Australia | People from Ballarat | Prime Ministers of Australia | Roman Catholic politicians | Treasurers of Australia This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... The Opposition in Australia fulfils the same function as the official opposition in other Commonwealth of Nations monarchies. ... Rt Hon Sir John Latham, as Minister for External Affairs in the Lyons government Sir John Latham KBE (26 August 1877 â€“ 25 July 1964), Australian judge and politician, was the fifth Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Rt Hon Stanley Bruce Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 - August 25, 1967), Australian politician and diplomat, later Viscount Bruce of Melbourne and Westminster, was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 â€“ 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... For other persons named Billy Hughes, see Billy Hughes (disambiguation). ... R. G. Casey House, the headquarters of the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade This is a list of Australian Foreign Ministers: Note: Prior to 1970, the office was known as the Minister for External Affairs. ... Sir John Latham KBE (born 1877, died 1964), Australian judge and politician, was the fifth Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Hon Ted Theodore Edward Granville Theodore (29 December 1884 - 28 February 1950), Australian politician, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the second son of a Romanian immigrant called Basil Teodorescu. ... The Department of the Treasury, Canberra The Australian Treasurer is the minister responsible for government expenditure and revenue raising. ... Hon Ted Theodore Edward Granville Theodore (29 December 1884 - 28 February 1950), Australian politician, was born in Adelaide, South Australia, the second son of a Romanian immigrant called Basil Teodorescu. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 â€“ 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... The Opposition in Australia fulfils the same function as the official opposition in other Commonwealth of Nations monarchies. ... This article is about the Australian Prime Minister. ... The main entrance to Parliament House in Canberra, with the flag mast visible. ... Corangamite is an federal electoral Division in Victoria, Australia. ... Hon Frank Tudor Frank Gwynne Tudor (27 January 1866 - 10 January 1922), Australian Labor politician, was born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of working-class immigrants from Wales. ... The Division of Yarra was a former Australian Electoral Division in the state of Victoria. ... Albert Gardiner was an Australian Labor Party politician. ... ALP redirects here. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... ALP redirects here. ... This article is about the Australian Prime Minister. ... Judicial High Court Lower Courts Constitution State and territory governments Executive Governors and Administrators Premiers and Chief Ministers Legislative Parliaments and Assemblies State electoral systems ACT - NSW - NT - Qld. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Sir Edmund Barton, GCMG, QC (18 January 1849 â€“ 7 January 1920), Australian politician and judge, was the first Prime Minister of Australia and a founding justice of the High Court of Australia. ... Alfred William Deakin (3 August 1856 â€“ 7 October 1919), Australian politician, was a leader of the movement for Australian federation and later second Prime Minister of Australia. ... John Christian Watson (on or around 9 April 1867 [exact date uncertain] - 18 November 1941), known as Chris Watson, Australian politician, was the third Prime Minister of Australia and the first federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Labor Party. ... For other persons named George Reid, see George Reid (disambiguation). ... Andrew Fisher at the naming of Canberra ceremony, 1913 Andrew Fisher (29 August 1862 - 22 October 1928), Australianpolitician and fifth Prime Minister of Australia, was born in Crosshouse, a mining village near Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland. ... For the actor Joe Cook see Joe Cook (actor). ... For other persons named Billy Hughes, see Billy Hughes (disambiguation). ... Rt Hon Stanley Bruce Stanley Melbourne Bruce (15 April 1883 - August 25, 1967), Australian politician and diplomat, later Viscount Bruce of Melbourne and Westminster, was the eighth Prime Minister of Australia. ... Joseph Aloysius Lyons (15 September 1879 â€“ 7 April 1939), Australian politician, tenth Prime Minister of Australia. ... Sir Earle Christmas Grafton Page GCMG, CH (August 8, 1880â€“December 20, 1961), Australian politician, was the eleventh Prime Minister of Australia. ... Sir Robert Gordon Menzies, KT, AK, CH, FRS, QC (20 December 1894 â€“ 15 May 1978), Australian politician, was the twelfth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia, serving eighteen and a half years. ... Sir Arthur William Fadden GCMG (April 13, 1895â€“April 21, 1973), Australian politician and 13th Prime Minister of Australia, born at Ingham, Queensland, the son of a Presbyterian police officer. ... This article is about the Australian Prime Minister. ... Francis Michael Forde (18 July 1890 â€“ 28 January 1983) was an Australian politician and the 15th Prime Minister of Australia. ... Joseph Benedict Chifley (22 September 1885 â€“ 13 June 1951), Australian politician and 16th Prime Minister of Australia, was one of Australias most influential Prime Ministers. ... Harold Edward Holt CH (5 August 1908 â€“ presumed dead 17 December 1967) was an Australian politician who became the 17th Prime Minister of Australia in 1966. ... Sir John McEwen (March 29, 1900 - November 20, 1980), Australian politician and 18th Prime Minister of Australia, was born at Chiltern, Victoria, where his father was a pharmacist. ... Sir John Grey Gorton GCMG AC CH (9 September 1911 â€“ 19 May 2002), Australian politician, was the 19th Prime Minister of Australia. ... Sir William McMahon, GCMG, CH (23 February 1908 â€“ 31 March 1988), Australian politician and 20th Prime Minister of Australia, was born in Sydney, New South Wales, where his father was a lawyer. ... Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916), known as Gough Whitlam (, pronounced Goff), is an Australian former politician and 21st Prime Minister of Australia. ... This article is about the former prime minister of Australia; for the Western Australian public servant, see Malcolm Fraser (surveyor). ... Robert James Lee (Bob) Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929) was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia after previously being an Australian trade union leader. ... For other persons named Paul Keating, see Paul Keating (disambiguation). ... John Winston Howard (born 26 July 1939) is an Australian politician and the 25th Prime Minister of Australia. ... ALP redirects here. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... John Christian Watson (on or around 9 April 1867 [exact date uncertain] - 18 November 1941), known as Chris Watson, Australian politician, was the third Prime Minister of Australia and the first federal parliamentary leader of the Australian Labor Party. ... Andrew Fisher at the naming of Canberra ceremony, 1913 Andrew Fisher (29 August 1862 - 22 October 1928), Australianpolitician and fifth Prime Minister of Australia, was born in Crosshouse, a mining village near Kilmarnock, East Ayrshire, Scotland. ... For other persons named Billy Hughes, see Billy Hughes (disambiguation). ... Hon Frank Tudor Frank Gwynne Tudor (27 January 1866 - 10 January 1922), Australian Labor politician, was born in Melbourne, Victoria, the son of working-class immigrants from Wales. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... This article is about the Australian Prime Minister. ... Joseph Benedict Chifley (22 September 1885 â€“ 13 June 1951), Australian politician and 16th Prime Minister of Australia, was one of Australias most influential Prime Ministers. ... Rt Hon Dr H.V. Evatt Dr Herbert Vere Evatt (April 30, 1894 - November 2, 1965), Australian jurist, politician and writer (generally known in his lifetime as Dr H.V. Evatt and popularly known as Doc) was born in Maitland, New South Wales, to a working-class family of Anglo... Rt Hon Arthur Calwell (with young migrant, 1949) Arthur Augustus Calwell (August 28, 1896 - July 8, 1973) Australian politician, was Leader of the Australian Labor Party from 1960 to 1967. ... Edward Gough Whitlam, AC, QC (born 11 July 1916), known as Gough Whitlam (, pronounced Goff), is an Australian former politician and 21st Prime Minister of Australia. ... William George Hayden AC (born 23 January 1933), Australian politician and 21st Governor-General of Australia, was born in Brisbane, Queensland, the son of an American-born sailor of Irish descent. ... Robert James Lee (Bob) Hawke, AC (born 9 December 1929) was the 23rd Prime Minister of Australia after previously being an Australian trade union leader. ... For other persons named Paul Keating, see Paul Keating (disambiguation). ... For Kim Beazleys father, Kim Beazley senior, see Kim Edward Beazley. ... Simon Findlay Crean (born 26 February 1949) an Australian politician, was leader of the Australian Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition at the Federal level, from November 2001 to 2 December 2003. ... Mark William Latham (born 28 February 1961), a former Australian politician, was leader of the Federal Parliamentary Australian Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition from December 2003 to January 2005. ... For Kim Beazleys father, Kim Beazley senior, see Kim Edward Beazley. ... Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957), is the leader of the federal Australian Labor Party and Leader of the Opposition in the Australian Parliament. ...

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