James Thompson is the name of:

• James Thompson (martyr) (died 1582), a Catholic priest hanged under Elizabeth I
• James Thompson (poet) (1700-1748), Scottish poet
• James Thompson (clockmaker) (1776-1825) maker of longcase clocks
• James Thompson (fighter) (born 1978), a professional mixed martial arts fighter from England.
• James Thompson (jurist) (1806-1874), a congressman and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania
• James Thompson (VC) (1820-1891), recipient of the Victoria Cross
• Jimmy Thompson or "Uncle Jimmy" (1848-1931), country music pioneer
• Jim Thompson (writer) (1906-1977), American pulp fiction writer
• Jim Thompson (designer) (born 1906), revived the Thai silk industry
• James R. Thompson (born 1936), a governor of Illinois and member of the 9/11 Commission
• James Thompson (racing driver) (born 1974), a British racing driver
• James D. Thompson (1920 – 1973), author of Organizations in Action
• James Thompson (trumpeter), a trumpet soloist and teacher
• James Thompson (Wisconsin), a candidate for US Senate in 1920
• James Thompson (missionary), a missionary in the 1820s
• James Thompson (racing powerboat owner), owned three-time Harmsworth Trophy winner Miss Supertest III

See also: Blessed James Thompson (d. ... James Thomson (September 11, 1700 – August 27, 1748) was a Scottish poet and playwright. ... Most of a grandfather clocks height is used to hold the long pendulum and weights. ... James Thompson is a professional mixed martial arts fighter from England. ... James Thompson (October 1, 1829 - January 28, 1874) was a politician and jurist from Pennsylvania. ... Photo submitted by Ian Beach - from Family Tree Magazine James Thompson (Yoxall 1829 - Walsall 5 December 1891) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. ... James Richard (Jimmy) Thomson (1927-1991) was a NHL player and former captain of the Toronto Maple Leafs. ... James Myers Thompson (September 27, 1906, Anadarko, Oklahoma Territory–April 7, 1977, Los Angeles, California) was an American writer of short stories, screenplays and novels, largely of the pulp fiction kind. ... Jim Thompson (James H. W. Thompson, born March 21, 1906 in Greenville, Delaware) was an American businessman who helped revitalize Thailands silk and textile industry in the 1950s and 1960s. ... James Robert Thompson (born May 8, 1936), also known as Big Jim Thompson, was the longest-serving Governor of the U.S. state of Illinois. ... James Thompson (often known as Jimmy, or Thommo) is a British auto racing driver from York. ... James David Thompson (January 11, 1920 in Indianapolis – September 1, 1973) was an American sociologist. ... Miss Supertest II was the fastest hydroplane propeller-driven powerboat in the world, setting a water speed record of 296. ...

• James Thomson