NationMaster - Encyclopedia: James W. Black

Sir James Whyte Black, OM, FRS, FRSE, FRCP (born 14 July 1924) is a Scottish pharmacologist who invented Propranolol, synthesized Cimetidine and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1988 for these discoveries.^[1] For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The Royal Society of Edinburghs Building on the corner of George St. ... College building by Denys Lasdun The Royal College of Physicians of London is the oldest medical institution in England (the oldest medical institution in the UK being the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh), and among the most active of all medical professional organisations. ... July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Motto: (Eng: No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots 2 Government Constitutional monarchy - Queen of the UK Queen Elizabeth II - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification - by... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (Ï†Î¬ÏÎ¼Î±ÎºÎ¿Î½) meaning drug, and logos (Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... Propranolol (INN) (IPA: ) is a non-selective beta blocker mainly used in the treatment of hypertension. ... Cimetidine is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits the production of acid in the stomach. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Black was educated at Beath High School, Cowdenbeath, Fife, Scotland, and the University of St Andrews, Fife, where he studied medicine, spending time in Dundee (where all the clinical medical activity of St Andrews' University took place until 1967). He joined the Physiology department at University of St Andrews before taking a lecturer position at the University of Malaya. Upon return to Scotland in 1950, he joined the University of Glasgow (Veterinary School) where he established the Physiology Department. During his career he worked in both industry and academia. He was employed by ICI Pharmaceuticals (1958-1964), Smith, Kline and French (1964-1973) and Wellcome Foundation (1978-1984) and was appointed professor of pharmacology at University College London (1973-1978) and King's College London (1984-1992). He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1976 and the same year he was awarded the Lasker award. ^[2] High school - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Cowdenbeath is a burgh in Fife, Scotland. ... Fife (FÃ¬obh in Gaelic) is a council area of Scotland, situated between the Firth of Tay and the Firth of Forth, with landward boundaries to Perth and Kinross and Clackmannanshire. ... St Marys College Bute Medical School Postgraduate Students Affiliations 1994 Group Website www. ... This article is about the field and science of medical practice and health care. ... Dundee (Scottish Gaelic: ) is the fourth largest city in Scotland with a population of 143,090. ... The University of Malaya (or Universiti Malaya in Malay; commonly abbreviated as UM) is the first university in Malaysia, and is situated on a 750 acre (3. ... The University of Glasgow was founded in 1451, in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) is a British chemical group and one of the largest chemical producers in the world. ... GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) plc is a pharmaceutical and healthcare company, one of the largest in the world, in fact the second largest pharmaceutical company. ... New Wellcome Trust building on Euston Road The Wellcome Trust is a United Kingdom-based charity established in 1936 to administer the fortune of the American-born pharmaceutical magnate Sir Henry Wellcome. ... University College London, commonly known as UCL, is one of the colleges that make up the University of London. ... Kings College London is the largest college of the federal University of London, and, having received its royal charter in 1829, is Englands third oldest university institution. ... The premises of the Royal Society in London (first four properties only). ... The Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research is awarded by the Lasker Foundation for the understanding, diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and cure of disease. ...

He was created a Knight Bachelor in 1981. In 2000 Sir James was appointed to the Order of Merit by Queen Elizabeth II. The order is limited to 24 members and is the highest honour the monarch can bestow. The dignity of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other Orders see Order of Merit (disambiguation). ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of 16 sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ...

Sir James Black contributed to basic scientific and clinical knowledge in cardiology, both as a physician and as a basic scientist. His invention of propranolol the beta adrenergic receptor antagonist that revolutionized the medical management of angina pectoris, is considered to be one of the most important contributions to clinical medicine and pharmacology of the 20th century.^[3] ^[4] His method of research, his discoveries about adrenergic pharmacology, and his clarification of the mechanisms of cardiac action are all strengths of his work.^[5] Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. ... An antagonist is a character or group of characters, or, sometimes an institution of a story who represents the opposition against which the heroes and/or protagonists must contend. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (Ï†Î¬ÏÎ¼Î±ÎºÎ¿Î½) meaning drug, and logos (Î»ÏŒÎ³Î¿Ï‚) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ...

Sir James was the Chancellor of the University of Dundee between 1992 and May 2006. In August 2006, the Sir James Black Centre was officially incorporated into the College of Life Sciences at the university. A Chancellor is the head of a university. ... The University of Dundee is the principal university in the city and Royal burgh of Dundee, Scotland. ...

See also

George H. Hitchings (April 18, 1905 â€“ February 27, 1998) shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment, Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy. ... Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 â€“ February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ...

External links

References

Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine: Laureates (1976-2000)

1976: Blumberg, Gajdusek | 1977: Guillemin, Schally, Yalow | 1978: Arber, Nathans, Smith | 1979: Cormack, Hounsfield | 1980: Benacerraf, Dausset, Snell | 1981: Sperry, Hubel, Wiesel | 1982: Bergström, Samuelsson, Vane | 1983: McClintock | 1984: Jerne, Köhler, Milstein | 1985: Brown, Goldstein | 1986: Cohen, Levi-Montalcini | 1987: Tonegawa | 1988: Black, Elion, Hitchings | 1989: Bishop, Varmus | 1990: Murray, Thomas | 1991: Neher, Sakmann | 1992: Fischer, Krebs | 1993: Roberts, Sharp | 1994: Gilman, Rodbell | 1995: Lewis, Nüsslein-Volhard, Wieschaus | 1996: Doherty, Zinkernagel | 1997: Prusiner | 1998: Furchgott, Ignarro, Murad | 1999: Blobel | 2000: Carlsson, Greengard, Kandel December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 6 days remaining for the year. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... List of Nobel Prize laureates in Physiology or Medicine from 1901 to the present day. ... Winners of the Nobel Prize are scientists, writers and peacemakers who have been awarded in their field of endeavour, and who are known collectively as either Nobel laureates or Nobel Prize winners. ... Baruch Samuel Blumberg (born July 28, 1925) is an American scientist and recipient of the 1976 Nobel Prize in Medicine for discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases. ... Daniel Carleton Gajdusek in 1976 when he won the Nobel Prize in Medicine. ... Roger Guillemin ( born January 11, 1924 in Dijon, France) is a neuroendocrinologist who received the Nobel prize for Medicine in 1977 for his work on neurohormones. ... Andrzej Wiktor Schally (born November 20, 1926) in Wilno, Poland), is a Polish endocrinologist and Nobel Prize winner in 1977 in Medicine for research work. ... Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (born on July 19, 1921) is an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her development of the radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique. ... Werner Arber (born June 3, 1929) is a Swiss microbiologist. ... Daniel Nathans (October 30, 1928 - November 16, 1999) was a U.S. microbiologist. ... Dr. Hamilton O. Smith (born August 23, 1931) is an American microbiologist. ... Allan M. Cormack at Tufts University Allan MacLeod Cormack (February 23, 1924 â€“ May 7, 1998) was a South African-born American physicist who shared a part of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. ... Sir Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield (28 August 1919 - 12 August 2004) was an English electrical engineer who shared the 1979 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Allan McLeod Cormack for his part in developing the diagnostic technique of computerized axial tomography (CAT). ... Baruj Benacerraf, M.D. Baruj Benacerraf (born 29 October 1920) is a Venezuelan-American immunologist who shared the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune systems distinction between self and non... Jean Dausset (b. ... George Davis Snell (December 19, 1903 â€“ June 6, 1996) was a U.S. geneticist and co-recipient of the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, together with Baruj Benacerraf and Jean Dausset, for discovery of the Major histocompatibility complex genes which encode cell surface molecules important for the immune... Roger Wolcott Sperry Roger Wolcott Sperry (August 20, 1913 - April 17, 1994) was a neuropsychologist and Nobel laureate who, together with David Hunter Hubel and Torsten Nils Wiesel, won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his work with split-brain research. ... David Hunter Hubel (b. ... Torsten Nils Wiesel (b. ... Sune Karl BergstrÃ¶m (January 10, 1916 - August 15, 2004) was a Swedish biochemist. ... Bengt Ingemar Samuelsson (born May 21, 1934) is a biochemist. ... Sir John Robert Vane (March 29, 1927 - November 19, 2004) was a British pharmacologist. ... Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 â€“ September 2, 1992) was a pioneering American scientist and one of the worlds most distinguished cytogeneticists. ... Niels Kaj Jerne (December 23, 1911 - October 7, 1994) was a British-Danish-Swedish (English-born) immunologist. ... Georges Jean Franz KÃ¶hler (Munich, March 17, 1946 â€“ March 1, 1995 in Freiburg im Breisgau) was a German biologist. ... CÃ©sar Milstein (October 8, 1927 â€“ March 24, 2002), an Argentine-born scientist who spent most of his life in Great Britain. ... Dr. Michael Stuart Brown (b. ... Joseph L. Goldstein (b. ... Stanley Cohen (born November 17, 1922) is an American researcher and Nobel Prize Laureate in Physiology and Medicine (1986). ... Rita Levi Montalcini. ... Susumu Tonegawa (ï§æ ¹å· é€² Tonegawa Susumu, born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987 for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity. ... Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 â€“ February 21, 1999) was an American biochemist and pharmacologist, and a 1988 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... George H. Hitchings (April 18, 1905 â€“ February 27, 1998) shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Sir James Black and Gertrude Elion for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment, Hitchings specifically for his work on chemotherapy. ... J. Michael Bishop (born February 22, 1936) is an American immunologist and microbiologist who won the 1989 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... Harold Elliot Varmus (b. ... For the former commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, see Joseph Philip Robert Murray. ... Dr. Edward Donnall (Don) Thomas (b. ... Erwin Neher (born 1944 in Landsberg am Lech, Bavaria) is a German biologist. ... Bert Sakmann (born June 12, 1942 in Stuttgart) is a German cell physiologist. ... Dr Edmond H. Fischer (born April 6, 1920) is a Swiss-American biochemist. ... Dr Edwin Gerhard Krebs (born June 6, 1918) is an American biochemist. ... Richard J. Roberts (b. ... Phillip Allen Sharp (born 1944), U.S. geneticist and molecular biologist; co-discovered gene splicing; shared the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Richard J. Roberts for the discovery that genes in eukaryotes are not contiguous strings but contain introns, and that the splicing of messenger RNA to... Alfred Goodman Gilman (born July 1, 1941) is an American scientist. ... Martin Rodbell won a Nobel Prize in 1994 Martin Rodbell (December 1, 1925- December 7, 1998) was an American biochemist and molecular endocrinologist who is best known for his discovery of G-proteins. ... Edward B. Lewis (May 20, 1918 â€“ July 21, 2004) was an American geneticist, the winner of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Medicine. ... Christiane NÃ¼sslein-Volhard (born October 20, 1942 in Magdeburg) is a German biologist who won the Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research in 1991 and the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1995, together with Eric Wieschaus and Edward B. Lewis, for their research on the genetic... Eric F. Wieschaus (born June 8, 1947) is an American developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner. ... Peter Doherty on a stamp released by Australia Post Dr. Peter C. Doherty (born October 15, 1940) is an Australian researcher in the field of medicine. ... Rolf Martin Zinkernagel (January 6, 1944 in Riehen, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland) is Professor of Experimental Immunology at the University of Zurich. ... Stanley B. Prusiner, M.D. (born May 28, 1942) is a Professor of Neurology and Biochemistry at the University of California, San Francisco. ... Robert F. Furchgott (born June 4, 1916 in Charleston, South Carolina) is a Nobel Prize-winning American chemist. ... Dr. Louis J. Ignarro (b. ... Dr. Ferid Murad Ferid Murad (born September 14, 1936) is an American physician and pharmacologist, and a co-winner of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. ... GÃ¼nter Blobel (born May 21, 1936) is a German biologist. ... Arvid Carlsson (b. ... Paul Greengard (b. ... Eric Richard Kandel (born November 7, 1929) is a psychiatrist, a neuroscientist and professor of biochemistry and biophysics at Columbia University. ...

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