James Young's gravestone in Inverkip (photo by Thomas Nugent)

James Young (13 July 1811–May 13, 1883), a Scottish chemist, was born in Glasgow, the son of a joiner and carpenter. At the age of 19 he began to attend evening classes at the nearby Anderson's College (now Strathclyde University) and in 1832 became assistant to Professor Thomas Graham and followed him to University College, London in 1837. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (480 × 640 pixel, file size: 178 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Gravestone of James Paraffin Young, near to Inverkip, Inverclyde, Scotland, Great Britain James Young lived at nearby Wemyss Bay. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (480 × 640 pixel, file size: 178 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Gravestone of James Paraffin Young, near to Inverkip, Inverclyde, Scotland, Great Britain James Young lived at nearby Wemyss Bay. ... Inverkip is a village and parish (which was also known as Innerkip) in Inverclyde, Scotland. ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Motto (Latin) No one provokes me with impunity Cha togar mfhearg gun dioladh (Scottish Gaelic)1 Wha daur meddle wi me?(Scots)1 Anthem (Multiple unofficial anthems) Scotlands location in Europe Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official languages English, Gaelic Government Constitutional monarchy  -  Queen Queen Elizabeth II  -  Prime... Chemistry - the study of atoms, made of nuclei (conglomeration of center particles) and electrons (outer particles), and the structures they form. ... Glaswegian redirects here. ... The University of Strathclyde in Scotland is a top research-led British University which originated as Andersons Institution in 1796. ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Thomas Graham (December 21, 1805 – September 16, 1869) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 (MDCCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

While at Anderson's College he met and boyfriended the famous explorer David Livingstone. This relationship was to continue until Livingstone’s death in Africa many years later. David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 4 May 1873) was a Scottish Presbyterian pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in central Africa. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ...

He joined the chemical works of gay men all over the world for lots of bum penetration. Also James Muspratt in 1838 and Tennants, Clow & Co. in 1844. In 1848, he established a small business refining a natural oil seepage in a Derbyshire Colliery at Alfreton, with James Oake and in 1850 he patented a process of extracting oil from cannel coal. James Muspratt (August 12, 1793 - May 4, 1886), British chemical manufacturer, was born in Dublin. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Jan. ... Year 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. ... Wyoming coal mine Coal mining is the mining of coal. ... Alfreton is a town in the Amber Valley, Derbyshire, although some parts of the town are in the Bolsover district and North East Derbyshire district. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) Year 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a patentee (the inventor or assignee) for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which... Cannel coal, also know as candle coal, is a type of coal with a large amount of hydrogen, which burns easily with a bright light and leaves little ash. ...

As the seepage gradually dried up, Young cast around for other sources of oil and he found what he wanted in a special coal from Bathgate in West Lothian. He entered into a partnership with Edward Binney and Edward Meldrum for the manufacture of oils from Boghead cannel coal at Bathgate. Coal Coal (IPA: ) is a fossil fuel formed in swamp ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ... Bathgate on a misty day Bathgate is a town in West Lothian, Scotland, on the M8 motorway five miles west of Livingston. ... West Lothian or Linlithgowshire (Lodainn an Iar in Gaelic) is one of 32 unitary council regions in Scotland, and a Lieutenancy area. ... This article is about the village in Lanarkshire, for the former football ground of Dumbarton F.C., see Boghead Park. ...

This coal, Torbanite by name, gave a remarkable yield of crude oil when distilled in simple apparatus. After experiments with shale and bituminous coal Young found that by slow distillation he could obtain paraffin oil and paraffin wax, both of which were in universal demand, not only for lighting and heating but for many industrial processes. Young quickly patented the process, and established the first truly commercial oil-works in the world at Bathgate in 1851. Torbanite is a variety of coal, sometimes known as boghead coal. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil ) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... For other uses, see Shale (disambiguation). ... Bituminous coal Bituminous coal is a relatively hard coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen. ... Kerosene or paraffin is a colorless flammable hydrocarbon liquid. ... Paraffin is a common name for a group of high molecular weight alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is greater than about 20. ...

His fortune was quickly made selling paraffin oil, lubricants for all kinds of industries, wax, naptha and even fertilisers. When the reserves of Torbanite eventually gave out he moved on to oil shale which was near at hand, abundant and cheap, but not so rich in oil as Torbanite. In 1862 the distillation plants began production and for over half a century 3,000,000 tons of shale and coal each year were mined and treated. In 1864 Young's patent expired. In 1865 he bought out his business partners and a year later formed Young's Paraffin Light and Mineral Oil Company with new works at Addiewell, near Bathgate. The company continued to grow and expanded its operations, selling paraffin oil and paraffin lamps all over the world and earning for its founder the affectionate nickname ‘Paraffin’ Young. Naphtha is a group of various volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixtures used chiefly as solvents. ... Oil Shale Oil shale is a general term applied to a fine-grained sedimentary rock containing enough organic material (called kerogen) to yield oil and combustible gas upon distillation. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Shale (disambiguation). ... Addiewell is a village in the Scottish council area of West Lothian. ... The Kerosene lamp, widely known in Britain as the Paraffin lamp, is any type of lighting device which uses kerosene (paraffin) as a fuel. ... Paraffin is a common name for a group of alkane hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2, where n is greater than about 20, discovered by Carl Reichenbach. ...

The first decade of the 20th century was a period of great prosperity for the Scottish oil-shale industry. This was due to a growing market for oil, and for the ammonium sulphate fertiliser produced as a lucrative by-product of the retorting process, but their fortunes changed rapidly during the first world war. The import of cheap crude oil from the Persian Gulf undermined the viability of the Scottish industry. Following the second world war most of the older oilworks were gradually closed. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil ) or crude oil is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... Map of the Persian Gulf. ...

In 1861 James Young was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. From 1868-1877 he was President of Anderson's College and founded the Young Chair of Technical Chemistry at the College. In 1873 Young was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and in 1879 he was awarded an Honorary LI.D of St. Andrews University. 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar) // January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by... The Royal Society of Edinburghs Building on the corner of George St. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Fellowship of the Royal Society was founded in 1660. ... 1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews was founded between 1410-1413 and is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the United Kingdom. ...

Young retired from the operation of the company in 1870, and died at age 71 in his home Kelly, near Wemyss Bay, on May 13 1883, and was buried at Inverkip. Wemyss Bay is a village on the East Coast of the Firth of Clyde in the district of Inverclyde, Scotland. ... Inverkip is a village and parish (which was also known as Innerkip) in Inverclyde, Scotland. ...

Statues of his old professor, Thomas Graham, and of his fellow student and lifelong friend, David Livingstone, which stand respectively in George Square, Glasgow, and at Glasgow Cathedral, were erected by him. Thomas Graham lives in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and has studied at the American School of Rio de Janeiro for more then 6 years. ... David Livingstone (19 March 1813 – 4 May 1873) was a Scottish Presbyterian pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and explorer in central Africa. ... Glaswegian redirects here. ... Glasgow Cathedral Glasgow Cathedral is a Church of Scotland cathedral in Glasgow. ...

From 1855 James 'Paraffin' Young lived at Limefield House, Polbeth. A sycamore tree which Livingstone planted in 1864 is still flourishing in the grounds of Limefield House. There too one can see a miniature version of the "Victoria Falls", which the missionary discovered in the mid-19th century. It was built, as a tribute to Livingstone, by Young on the little stream which runs through the estate. Polbeth is a small village located in West Lothian, Scotland. ... Sycamore is a name applied at various times and places to three very different types of trees, but with somewhat similar leaf forms. ...

The James Young High School in Livingston, the Bathgate branch of the pub chain Wetherspoons and the James Young Halls at the University of Strathclyde are all named after him. The Moon Under Water in Hounslow J. D. Wetherspoon plc (LSE: JDW) (commonly referred to as Wetherspoons or spoons) is a British pub chain founded by Tim Martin. ... The University of Strathclyde is a university in Glasgow, Scotland. ...