Jamshid (in Persian: جمشید‎) is a common Persian male first name. The name takes its popularity from the legendary Shāh Jamshēd, the fourth and greatest of the early Shāhs of mankind in Firdausī's Shāhnāma. The name has also been transliterated Jamshyd, e.g. in Edward FitzGerald's translation of the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Persian, (local name: FārsÄ« or PārsÄ«), is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Persian, (local name: FārsÄ« or PārsÄ«), is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Shah is an Iranian & Pakistani/Indian term in Persian language & Urdu (شاه), for a monarch (king or emperor), and has also been adopted in many other languages. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Edward Marlborough FitzGerald (March 31, 1809–June 14, 1883) was an English writer, best known as the poet of the English translation of Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. ... Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Persian: رباعیات عمر خیام) The Rubáiyát (Arabic: رباعیات) is a collection of poems (of which there are about a thousand) attributed to the Persian mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyám (1048-1123). ...

The Shāh Jamshēd of Persian mythology is based on the figure Yima Xšaēta of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. Yima Xšaēta is in turn is based on a proto-Indo-Iranian heroic figure *Yamas, from whom Vedic Yama also derives. In the Avesta, Yima was the son of Vivaŋhat, who in turn corresponds to the Vedic Vivasvat, "he who shines out", a divinity of the Sun. The beliefs and practices of the culturally and linguistically related group of ancient peoples who inhabited the Iranian Plateau and its borderlands, as well as areas of Central Asia from the Black Sea to Khotan (modern Ho-tien, China), form Persian mythology. ... See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town Yasna 28. ... Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathushtra, Zartosht). ... Proto-Indo-Iranian, the Indo-European language spoken by the Indo-Iranians in the late 3rd millennium BC was a Satem language still not removed very far from the Proto-Indo-European language, and in turn only removed by a few centuries from the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda. ... The Vedas (Sanskrit: वेद) are the main scripture in Hinduism, and are a large corpus of texts originating in Ancient India. ... It has been suggested that Yanluo be merged into this article or section. ...

Etymology

The name Jamshid is originally a compound of two parts, Jam and shid, corresponding to the Avestan names Yima and Xšaēta, derived from the proto-Iranian Yamah Xšaitah. Yamah and the related Sanskrit Yama may be interpreted as "the twin". By regular sound changes (y → j, and the loss of the final syllable) it became Persian Jam. However, in later Persian, the word jam means "pure". Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the hymns of the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta. ... It has been suggested that Yanluo be merged into this article or section. ...

The name Jam is unrelated to the Arabic word ʕajam "foreigners, Persians", which is spelled with the letter ʕayn. The Arabic language ( ), or simply Arabic ( ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Ayin is the sixteenth letter in many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Hebrew, and Aramaic. ...

Xšaitah meant "bright, shining" or "radiant". By regular sound changes (initial xš → š (sh); ai → ē; t → d between vowels; and dropping of the final syllable) xšaitah became Persian shēd. In the western Persian variants such as Fārsī, the vowel ē has changed to i. Consequently, Jamshēd, as it is still pronounced in Tajikistan, is now pronounced Jamshid in Iran. The suffix -shid is the same as that found in other names such as khorshid ("the Sun", originally "the radiant Sun", Avestan hvarə-xšaēta). Persian, (local name: FārsÄ« or PārsÄ«), is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan and by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...

Yima in the Avesta

Quotations in the following section are from James Darmesteter's translation [1] of the Vendidad , as published in the 1898 American edition of Max Müller's Sacred Books of the East James Darmesteter (March 28, 1849 - October 10, 1894), French author and antiquarian, was born of Jewish parents at Chateau Salins, in Alsace. ... Max Müller Friedrich Max Müller (December 6, 1823 – October 28, 1900), more commonly known as Max Müller, was a German philologist and Orientalist, one of the founders of Indian studies, who virtually created the discipline of comparative religion. ...

In the second chapter of the Vendidad of the Avesta, the omniscient Creator Ahura Mazda asks Yima, a good shepherd, to receive his law and bring it to men. However, Yima refuses, and so Ahura Mazda charges him with a different mission: to rule over and nourish the earth, to see that the living things prosper. This Yima accepts, and Ahura Mazda presents him with a golden seal and a dagger inlaid with gold. See Avesta Municipality for the Swedish town Yasna 28. ... Ahura Mazda is the Avestan language name for an exalted divinity of ancient proto-Indo-Iranian religion that was subsequently declared by Zarathustra (Zoroaster) to be the one uncreated creator of all. ...

Yima rules as king for three hundred years, and soon the earth was full of men, flocks of birds and herds of animals. Ahura Mazda visits him once more, warning him of this overpopulation. Yima, shining with light, faced southwards and pressed the golden seal against the earth and boring into it with the poniard, says "O Spenta Armaiti, kindly open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear flocks and herds and men." In Zoroastrianism, Amesha Spentas are the Holy Immortals, the equivalent of Archangels in Christian theology. ...

The earth swells and Yima rules for another six hundred years before the same problem occurred once more. Once again he pressed the seal and dagger to the earth and asked the ground to swell up to bear more men and beasts, and the earth swells again. Nine hundred years later, the earth was full again. The same solution is employed, the earth swelling again.

The next part of the story tells of a meeting of Ahura Mazda and the Yazatas in Airyanem Vaejah, the first of the "perfect lands". Yima attends with a group of "the best of mortals", where Ahura Mazda him of an upcoming catastrophe: "O fair Yima, son of Vivaŋhat! Upon the material world the evil winters are about to fall, that shall bring the fierce, deadly frost; upon the material world the evil winters are about to fall, that shall make snow-flakes fall thick, even an arədvi deep on the highest tops of mountains." It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Zoroastrian angelology. ... The Airyanem Vaejah or Airyana Waejah (Aryan Expanse) was the legendary home of the Aryan (Indo-Iranian) people, as described in writings in the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrians. ...

Ahura Mazda advises Yima to construct a Vara (Avestan: enclosure) in the form of a multi-level cavern underground, two miles long and two miles wide. This he is to populate with the fittest of men and women; and with two of every animal, bird and plant; and supply with food and water gathered the previous summer. Yima creates the Vara by crushing the earth with a stamp of his foot, and kneading it into shape as a potter does to clay. He creates streets and buildings, and brings nearly two thousand people to live therein. He creates artificial light, and finally seals the Vara with a golden ring.

Jamshid of Persian mythology

Over time, the Avestan hero Yima Xšaēta became the world-ruling Shāh Jamshid of Persian legend and mythology. Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Persian: رباعیات عمر خیام) The Rubáiyát (Arabic: رباعیات) is a collection of poems (of which there are about a thousand) attributed to the Persian mathematician and astronomer Omar Khayyám (1048-1123). ... Edward FitzGerald, 1873 Edward FitzGerald (full name Edward Marlborough FitzGerald) (March 31, 1809–June 14, 1883) was an English writer, best known as the poet of the first and most famous English translation of Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...

According to the Shāhnāma of the poet Firdausī, Jamshid was the fourth king of the world. He had command over all the angels and demons of the world, and was both king and high priest of Hormozd (middle Persian for Ahura Mazda). He was responsible for a great many inventions that made life more secure for his people: the manufacture of armor and weapons, the weaving and dying of clothes of linen, silk and wool, the building of houses of brick, the mining of jewels and precious metals, the making of perfumes and wine, the navigation of the waters of the world in sailing ships. The sudreh and kushti of the Zoroastrianism are also attributed to Jamshid. From the skin-clad followers of Keyumars, humanity had risen to a great civilization in Jamshid's time. Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... Pahlavi is a term that refers: (1) to a script used in Iran derived from the Aramaic script, and (2) more broadly, to Middle Persian, the Middle Iranian language written in this script. ... Ahura Mazda is the Avestan language name for an exalted divinity of ancient proto-Indo-Iranian religion that was subsequently declared by Zarathustra (Zoroaster) to be the one uncreated creator of all. ... Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ascribed to the prophet Zoroaster (Zarathushtra, Zartosht). ... Keyumars (کیومرث), Arabic transliteration KayÅ«marṯ, older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet FirdausÄ«s Shāhnāma. ...

Jamshid also divided the people into four groups:

• The priests, who conducted the worship of Hormozd
• The warriors, who protected the people by the might of their arms
• The farmers, who grew the grain that fed the people
• The artisans, who produced goods for the ease and enjoyment of the people

Jamshid had now become the greatest monarch the world had ever known. He was endowed with the royal farr (Avestan: hvarəna), a radiant splendor that burned about him by divine favor. One day he sat upon a jewel-studded throne and the divs who served him raised his throne up into the air and he flew through the sky. His subjects, all the peoples of the world, marvelled and praised him. On this day, which was the first of the month of Farvardin, they first celebrated the holiday of Nawrōz ("new day"). Some Zoroastrians to this day call the day Jamshēd-i Nawrōz. Avestan is an Eastern Old Iranian language that was used to compose the hymns of the Zoroastrian holy book, the Avesta. ... A div is an evil spirit in Persian mythology that loves to cause harm and destruction. ... The Iranian calendar (also known as Persian calendar or the Jalaali Calendar) is a solar calendar currently used in Iran and Afghanistan. ... Norouz (Persian: ‎ ​, Kurdish: Newroz, NûRoj, IPA2: Nowruz; also spelled Noe-Rooz, Nawroz, Norooz, Noruz, Novruz, Noh Ruz, Nauroz, Nav-roze, Navroz, Naw-Rúz, Nevruz or Nowrouz) is the traditional Iranian new year holiday in Iran, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, India, Turkey, Zanzibar, Albania, various countries of Central Asia, as well... Zoroastrianism was adapted from an earlier, polytheistic faith by Zarathushtra (Zoroaster) in Persia very roughly around 1000 BC (although, in the absence of written records, some scholars estimates are as late as 600 BC). ...

Jamshid was said to have had a magical seven-ringed cup, the Jām-e Jam which was filled with the elixir of immortality and allowed him to observe the universe. The Cup of Jamshid (Cup of Djemscheed or Jaam-e Jam, in Persian: جام جم) is a cup of divination which, according to legend, was long possessed by the rulers of ancient Persia. ...

Jamshid's capital was erroneously believed to be at the site of the ruins of Persepolis, which for centuries (down to 1620 CE) was called Takht-i Jamshēd, the "Throne of Jamshid". However, Persepolis was actually the capital of the Achaemenid kings and was destroyed by Alexander. Similarly, the sculptured tombs of the Achaemenids and Sāsānians near Persepolis were believed to be images of the legendary hero Rostam, and so were called Naqsh-e Rustam. Persepolis Aerial View - After 2500 years, the ruins of Persepolis still inspire visitors from far and near. ... Events September 6 - English emigrants on the Mayflower depart from Plymouth, England for the future New England and arrive at the end of the year. ... Achaemenid Empire The Achaemenid Dynasty was a dynasty in the ancient Persian Empire, including Cyrus II the Great, Darius I and Xerxes I. At the height of their power, the Achaemenid rulers of Persia ruled over territories roughly emcompassing some parts of todays Iraq, Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon... Alexander the Great (Greek: ,[1] Megas Alexandros; July 356 BC–June 11, 323 BC), also known as Alexander III, king of Macedon (336–323 BC), was one of, if not the most successful military commanders in history. ... The Sassanid Empire or Sassanian Empire (Persian: Sasanian) is the name used for the fourth Iranian dynasty, and the second Persian Empire (226 - 651). ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ... NæqÅ¡-e Rostæm, near Shiraz A rock relief at Naqsh-e Rostam, depicting the triumph of Shapur I over three Roman Emperors Valerian, Gordian III and Philip the Arab. ...

The city of Jamkaran is named after Jamshid ^{[citation needed]}. The Jamkaran Mosque undergoing renovation. ...

Jamshid ruled well for three hundred years. During this time longevity increased, sicknesses were banished, and peace and prosperity reigned. But Jamshid's pride grew with his power, and he began to forget that all the blessings of his reign were due to God. He boasted to his people that all of the good things they had came from him alone, and demanded that he should be accorded divine honors, as if he were the Creator.

From this time the farr departed from Jamshid, and the people began to murmur and rebel against him. Jamshid repented in his heart, but his glory never returned to him. The vassal ruler of Arabia, Zahhāk, under the influence of Ahriman, made war upon Jamshid, and he was welcomed by many of Jamshid's dissatisfied subjects. Jamshid fled from his capital halfway across the world, but he was finally trapped by Zahhāk and brutally murdered. After a reign of seven hundred years, humanity descended from the heights of civilization back into a Dark Age. The Arabian Peninsula The Arabian Peninsula is a mainly desert peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia and an important part of the greater Middle East. ... Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Angra Mainyu (Avestan) or Ahriman (Middle Persian اهريمن) is the evil counterpart of the deity Ahura Mazda in Zoroastrianism. ...

Tahmuras or Tahmures (طهمورث), Arabic transliteration , older Persian Tahmurat, is the third Shāh of the world according to Ferdowsis Shāhnāma. ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Keyumars (کیومرث), Arabic transliteration Kayūmarṯ, older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet Firdausīs Shāhnāma. ... Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Shahnameh Scenes from the Shahnameh carved into reliefs at Tus, where Ferdowsi is buried. ... Ferdowsi Tousi (فردوسی طوسی in Persian) (more commonly transliterated Firdausi, Ferdosi or Ferdusi) (935–1020) is considered to be one of the greatest Persian poets to have ever lived. ... A character in Shahnama, Faridoons father Categories: Literature stubs ... Arash, the Archer (Persian: آرش کمانگیر) is a heroic archer of the Persian mythology. ... Afrasiab, near Samarkand, Uzbekistan is both a historical city and its legendary founder. ... Esfandiar or Esfandyar (in Persian: ) is an Iranian legendary hero. ... Fereydun is an Iranian mythical king and hero who is an emblem of victory, justice and generosity in the Persian literature. ... Gordafarid is one of the heroines in Ferdowsis Shahnama. ... Hushang (in Persian: ), older Persian Hōšang, was the second Shāh to rule the world according to Ferdowsis Shāhnāma. ... Statue of Kaveh in Isfahan My name is Kaveh, I am a Persian-American and live in San Diego. ... Kai Khosrow is a character in Persian epic book, Shahnameh. ... Keyumars (کیومرث), Arabic transliteration Kayūmarṯ, older Persian Kayōmart, was the first Shāh of the world according to the poet Firdausīs Shāhnāma. ... Manūchehr (in Persian: ), older Persian Manōčihr, Avestan Manuščiθra, is the name of the first of the legendary Shāhs who ruled Iran after the breakup of the world empire of Manūchehrs great-grandfather, Fereydūn. ... Rakhsh (in Persian: meaning luminous) is the stallion of main protagonist Rostam in the Persian national epic, Shahnameh of Ferdowsi. ... Roham ( رهام in Persian )is a hero in Ferdosis Shahnama, He is sun of Goodarz( گودرز in Persian ) who defeated Baarmaan( بارمان in Persian ) in battle of Davazdahrokh( دوازده رخ in Persian ) . See also Ferdosi Shahnama Categories: | | | | ... Rostam Slaying the Dragon- A miniature Painting by Master Mahmoud Farshchian. ... Rostam Farrōkhzād (رستم فرّخزاد in Persian) was the commander of the Sāsānian Empires armed forced under the reign of Yazdgird III, r. ... Rudaba or Roodabeh (رودابه in Persia) was Daughter of Mehrab Kaboli. ... Saam is a mythical hero of ancient Persia, and an important character in the Shahnameh epic. ... Shaghad was the brother of Rostam, the mighty Iranian hero of the Shahnameh, who killed Rostam by dropping him into a hole full of swords or other sharp things. ... Sassanid silk twill textile of a Simurgh in a beaded surround, 6-7th c. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Siavash. ... Paletin faqiri CHC2D1 Mrs. ... Tahmineh is one of female characters of the epic of Shahnameh. ... Tahmuras or Tahmures (طهمورث), Arabic transliteration , older Persian Tahmurat, is the third Shāh of the world according to Ferdowsis Shāhnāma. ... Zål (زال in Persian) was a mythical warrior of ancient Iran. ... Zahak, Zahhak, Zahak-e Tāzi or (Arab Zahak) also knwon as Bivar-Asp, which means [he who has] 10,000 horses in the Pahlavi (middle Persian) language, and Avestan Āži-Dahāk) is a mythical figure of ancient Persia (Iran). ... Mazandaran (Persian: مازندران) is a province in northern Iran, bordering the Caspian (Mazandaran) Sea in the north. ... Turan (in Persian: ) is the ancient Iranian name for the Northeastern nomads. ...

Jamshids of history

The name Jamshid has also been carried in the course of history by several rulers, some more famous than others. More recent historical figures with the name include:

• Sultan Jamshid, fourteenth century ruler of Kashmir. Jamshid succeeded his father Shamsu'd-Din but ruled Kashmir for just fourteen months before falling out with his brother. In an armed confrontation which ensued in the village of Vantipore, Sultan Jamshid suffered a defeat, following which his younger brother Sultan 'Alau'd-Din ascended the throne in A.D. 1347.
• Sultan Jamshid (Sultan Jamshid Qutb, Shah of Golconda (ruled 1543-50) was a legendary ruler of the Qutb Shahi, a Shia Muslim dynasty in the Deccan. Jamshid Shah's father Sultan Quli Qutb Shah was the first of the dynasty and lived to be over ninety years old. The rumor ran that his son Jamshid became so impatient to become ruler that he had his father stabbed to death while he was at prayer in the mosque. Sultan Jamshid left a handsome domed octagonal tomb for his monument.
• Sultan Sayyid Jamshid bin 'Abdullah, Sultan of Zanzibar, 1963-1964 (born at Zanzibar, September 16, 1929) was overthrown in the 1964 Zanzibar Revolution.

Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Kashmir (or Cashmere) may refer to: Kashmir region, the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent India, Kashmir conflict, the territorial dispute between India, Pakistan, and the China over the Kashmir region. ... Illustration of the Black Death from the Toggenburg Bible (1411). ... Golconda is a ruined city and fortress 11 km west of the city of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh state, India. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Events February 7 - Julius III becomes Pope. ... The Deccan Plateau is a vast plateau in India, encompassing most of Central and Southern India. ... Motto: Uhuru na Umoja (Swahili: Freedom and Unity) Anthem: Mungu ibariki Afrika (God Bless Africa) Capital Stone Town Largest city Stone Town English, Lamu (de facto) Government Republic  - President Amani Abeid Karume  - Prime Minister Shamsi Vuai Nahodha Independence From the United Kingdom   - Tanganyika December 9, 1961   - Zanzibar December 19, 1963... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... September 16 is the 259th day of the year (260th in leap years). ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1964 (MCMLXIV) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1964 calendar). ... The Zanzibar revolution of January 12, 1964 was the rebellion that overthrew Sultan Jamshid bin Abdullah, and led to the proclamation of Zanzibar as a republic, and three months later, to Zanzibars uniting with Tanganyika to form Tanzania. ...

See also

• Yama
• Jamkaran, a city in Iran
• Jamshed Town, a neighbourhood in the city of Karachi, Pakistan
• Jamshedpur, an industrial city in India, named after Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata.
• Jamshid (musician)

It has been suggested that Yanluo be merged into this article or section. ... The Jamkaran Mosque undergoing renovation. ... Jamshed Town is one of the towns in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. ... Karachi (Urdu: كراچى, Sindhi: ڪراچي) is the capital of the province of Sindh, and the most populated city in Pakistan, sometimes known as the City of Quaid (شہرِ قائد), after Muhammad Ali Jinnah the founder of Pakistan. ... Jamsehdpur   (जमशेदपूर in Devanagari) is a city in India founded by the late Jamshedji Nusserwanji Tata as Sakchi. ... Jamshedji Tata (1839-1904) was a pioneer in the field of modern industry. ... Jamshids second album Jamshid is the stage name of a Los Angeles musician of Iranian descent. ...

Further reading

• 2nd Fargard of James Darmesteter's translation of the Vendidad
• The Heroic Age of Persia