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Jan Dismas Zelenka, also known as Johann Dismas Zelenka (October 16, 1679 – December 23, 1745), was a Czech Baroque composer. Zelenka played the violone, the largest and lowest member of the viol family, analogous to the double bass in the violin family of stringed instruments. is the 289th day of the year (290th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ...
is the 357th day of the year (358th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
// Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...
Czechs (Czech: Češi) are a western Slavic people of Central Europe, living predominantly in the Czech Republic. ...
Baroque music describes an era and a set of styles of European classical music which were in widespread use between approximately 1600 and 1750. ...
A composer is a person who writes music. ...
The violone (literally large viol in Italian, -one being the augmentative suffix) is a musical instrument of the viol family. ...
Various sizes of viol, from Michael Praetorius Syntagma musicum (1618) Early Italian tenor viola da gamba, detail from the painting , by Raphael Sanzio, c. ...
Side and front views of a modern double bass with a French bow. ...
The Violin family of instruments was developed in Italy in the 17th Century. ...
Life Zelenka was born in Louňovice pod Blaníkem, a small market town southeast of Prague in what was then Bohemia. His father was a schoolmaster and organist there; nothing more is known with certainty about Zelenka's early years. He probably received musical training in the center of Prague at a Jesuit college named the Clementinum. For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Bohemia (disambiguation). ...
It is known that Zelenka served Baron Hartig, the imperial governor resident in Prague, before becoming a violone player in the royal orchestra at Dresden in about 1710. He studied counterpoint in Vienna under Fux from 1715 and was back in Dresden by 1719. Except for a visit in 1723 to Prague to take part in the performance of Fux's opera "Constanza e Fortezza," he remained a resident of Dresden until his death. Whether or not he ever went to Venice is unclear, but there is some indirect documentary evidence to that effect from the Vienna years. The violone (literally large viol in Italian, -one being the augmentative suffix) is a musical instrument of the viol family. ...
This article is about the city in Germany. ...
For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ...
Johann Joseph Fux Johann Joseph Fux (German fyËks) (1660 – February 13, 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue of the late Baroque era. ...
For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...
In Dresden, Zelenka initially assisted the Kapellmeister, Johann David Heinichen, and gradually assumed Heinichen's duties as the latter's health declined. After Heinichen died in 1729, Zelenka applied for the prestigious post of Kapellmeister; the post went instead to Johann Adolf Hasse. In 1735, Zelenka was given the title of church music composer. He was in good company, as J.S. Bach had also applied for this title and shared it with Zelenka. Zelenka died in Dresden in 1745, having written works in his final years that were never performed during his lifetime, some of which have been claimed by current Zelenka musicologist Kohlhase to have "visionary power." A Kapellmeister is nowadays the director or conductor of an orchestra or choir. ...
Johann David Heinichen (1683 - July 16, 1729) was a Baroque composer and theorist active in Dresden at the court of Augustus the Strong. ...
Johann Adolph Hasse. ...
There is no known portrait of Zelenka. (A mirror-image black-and-white takeoff of the well-known portrait of Fux has been passed off as a picture of Zelenka on several respected websites.) Johann Joseph Fux Johann Joseph Fux (German fyËks) (1660 – February 13, 1741) was an Austrian composer, music theorist and pedagogue of the late Baroque era. ...
Music Most of Zelenka's compositions were sacred works, including three oratorios, 21 masses, and numerous other pieces of music. Zelenka's orchestral and vocal pieces are often virtuosic and difficult to perform. In particular, his writing for bass instruments is far more demanding than that of other composers of his era, and the "utopian" (as Heinz Holliger describes them) requirements on the oboe-playing in his trio sonatas are notable. Heinz Holliger (born May 21, 1939) is a Swiss oboist and composer. ...
It is no secret that J.S. Bach held Zelenka in high esteem, as witnessed by a letter from Bach's son C.P.E. Bach to J.N. Forkel, dated 13 January 1775, which perhaps accounts for Bach's own striving to produce a full-length Catholic mass (the B minor/H-moll mass) in his final years. For other people named Bach and other meanings of the word, see Bach (disambiguation). ...
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (Weimar, March 8, 1714 – December 14, 1788) was a German musician and composer, the second son of Johann Sebastian Bach. ...
It was mistakenly believed that many of Zelenka's autograph scores were destroyed during the bombing of Dresden in February 1945. The scores were in a library north of the river, however, and not in the Catholic cathedral. Some are certainly missing, but this probably happened gradually, and these represent only a small part of what remains.
The "Zelenka movement," which started in the 1960s, is certainly gaining momentum, as witnessed by the number of recent live performances in far-flung parts of Europe such as Copenhagen and Glasgow. One must always bear in mind that even the great J.S. Bach only gained his proper due in the twentieth century, thanks to the efforts of 19th-century composers such as Mendelssohn and Mahler; Jan Dismas Zelenka appears to have been another "sleeping giant" of the Baroque era. For other people named Bach and other meanings of the word, see Bach (disambiguation). ...
Selected list of works - Six trio sonatas (Nos. 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 are written for two oboes, bassoon and basso continuo, while in the third, a violin replaces the second oboe; all designated ZWV 181)
- Other instrumental works (ZWV 182–190)
- Lamentationes Jeremiae Prophetae (Lamentations of the Prophet Jeremiah)
- Die Responsorien zum Karfreitag (Responses for Good Friday)
- More than 20 masses (designated ZWV 1–21)—some missing—and a number of mass movements. Missa Purificationis, Missa Sanctissimae Trinitatis, Missa Votiva, Missa Dei Patris, Missa Dei Filii, and Missa Omnium Sanctorum (designated ZWV 16–21) rank amongst Zelenka's finest works.
- Ten litanies, including 2 Litaniae Lauretanae (ZWV 151 & 152)
- Four requiem settings (of which one—ZWV 45—has only been attributed to Zelenka)
- Fifty-three psalm settings, some missing
- Sub olea pacis et palma virtutis—Melodrama de St. Wenceslao
- I Penitenti al Sepolcro del Redentore (Oratorio)
- Il serpente di bronzo (Oratorio), ZWV 61
- Officium Defunctorum, ZWV 47
- Missa purificationis Beatae Virginis Mariae, ZWV 16
- Requiem in D minor, ZWV 48
The trio sonata is a musical form which was particularly popular around the end of the 17th century and the beginning of the 18th century. ...
For other uses, see Oboe (disambiguation). ...
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family that typically plays music written in the bass and tenor registers and occasionally even higher. ...
Figured bass, or thoroughbass, is a kind of integer musical notation used to indicate intervallic content (the intervals which make up a sonority), later chords, in relation to a bass note. ...
For the Anne Rice novel, see Violin (novel). ...
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