Editing of this article by unregistered or newly registered users is currently disabled. If you are prevented from editing this article, and you wish to make a change, please discuss changes on the talk page, request unprotection, log in, or create an account. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ...

Jan Dzierżon

Jan Dzierżon

Jan Dzierżon (Polish) or Johann Dzierzon (German) (16 January 1811 – 26 October 1906) was an Polish apiarist best known for his discovery of parthenogenesis among bees and for designing a movable-frame beehive. He was also a Roman Catholic priest. Image File history File links Jan_Dzierzon. ... Image File history File links Jan_Dzierzon. ... Image File history File links Johann_Dzierzon. ... Image File history File links Johann_Dzierzon. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... October 26 is the 299th day of the year (300th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 66 days remaining. ... 1906 (MCMVI) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Beekeeping, tacuinum sanitatis casanatensis (XIV century) Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, a bee) is the practice of intentional maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Asexual reproduction. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... Domesticated honeybees are kept in beehives. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... . ...

Biography

Dzierzon was born and died in Lowkowitz (Łowkowice) near Kreuzburg (Kluczbork) in Silesia, Prussia (later Germany). He was an ethnic Pole, and considered himself a member of the Polish nation,^[1][2][3] having been born to ethnically Polish parents.^[4] In 1822 he moved to Breslau (Wrocław), where he attended a middle school commonly know in that area as a gymnasium. In 1833, he graduated from the Faculty of Catholic Theology of the Wrocław University, and, in 1834, became chaplain in Siołkowice (Schalkowitz). As an ordained Roman Catholic priest he took over a parish in Karłowice (Karlsmarkt) in 1835. Years later his religious authorities took offence at his scientific research and retired him in 1869.^[5] Kreuzburg has been the name of several German towns throughout history. ... Please be advised that the factual accuracy of Wikipedia articles dealing with topics related to the Oder-Neisse Line is often disputed. ... Flag of Prussia (1894 - 1918) The Kingdom of Prussia existed from 1701 until 1918, and from 1871 was the leading kingdom of the German Empire, comprising in its last form almost two-thirds of the area of the Empire. ... One of the most influential doctrines in history is that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ... 1822 (MDCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wrocław. ... A gymnasium (pronounced with or, in Swedish, as opposed to ) is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English Grammar Schools and U.S. High Schools. ... 1833 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The University of Breslau (Universität Breslau) was a university in Breslau, Germany, which existed from 1702 until the city with the rest of Silesia was occupied by Stalin and given to the Peoples Republic of Poland after the Second World War. ... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... A chaplain is typically a member of the clergy serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church; lay chaplains are also found in some settings such as universities. ... Ordination is the process in which clergy become authorized by their religious denomination and/or seminary to perform religious rituals and ceremonies. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus Christ and led by the Twelve Apostles, in particular Saint Peter. ... A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. ... | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

In his apiary, Dzierzon studied the social life of honeybees and constructed several experimental beehives. In 1838, he devised the first practical movable-comb beehive, which allowed manipulation of individual honeycombs without destroying the structure of the hive. The correct distance between combs had been described as 1 and ½ inches from the center of one top bar to the center of next one. In 1848 Dzierzon introduced grooves into the hive’s side walls replacing the strips of wood for moving top bars. The grooves had been 8 x 8 mm – exact average between 1/4 and 3/8 of an inch, which is range recently called bee space. His design quickly gained popularity in Europe and North America. On the basis of the aforementioned measurements, August von Berlepsch (May 1852) in Thuringia and L. L. Langstroth (October 1852) in the United States designed their frame-movable hives. An Apiary in South Carolina, Langstroth hives on pallets An apiary (also known in the US as a bee yard) is a place where beehives of honeybees are kept. ... Species Apis andreniformis Apis cerana, or eastern honey bee Apis dorsata, or giant honey bee Apis florea Apis koschevnikovi Apis laboriosa Apis mellifera, or western honey bee Apis nigrocincta Apis nuluensis Honey bees are a subset of bees which represent a far smaller fraction of bee diversity than most people... The term Beehive can refer to several different things: Beehive (beekeeping) is a human-provided structure in which bees are induced to live and raise their young. ... | Jöns Jakob Berzelius, discoverer of protein 1838 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Honeycomb Honeycombs on a Sacred fig tree A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal wax cells built by honey bees in their nests to contain their larvae and stores of honey and pollen. ... Langstroth hives on pallets The Langstroth bee hive is the standard beehive used in many parts of the world for bee keeping. ... This article is very long. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) is located in central Germany and is considered one of the smaller of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), with an area of 16,200 km² and 2. ... Lorenzo Langstroth (1810-1895) Rev. ...

In 1835, Dzierzon discovered that the drones are produced from unfertilized eggs. The discovery was publicised in 1845. His results caused a revolution in bee crossbreeding. In 1854, he discovered the mechanism of secretion of the royal jelly and its role in the development of queens. | Come and take it, slogan of the Texas Revolution 1835 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Blue-Russian drone honeybees drinking. ... In most birds and reptiles, an egg (Latin ovum) is the zygote, resulting from fertilization of the ovum. ... Crossbreeding is the process of creating hybrids (also known as crossbreeds, or a description of the lineage of that which has undergone hybridization. ... 1854 (MDCCCLIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias content policies, the external links section for this article may require cleanup. ... For the Queen bee in clique & social groups, see Clique. ...

In 1872, Dzierzon received a honoris causa doctorate from the University of Munich. In 1874, he moved back to Lowkowitz. Year 1872 (MDCCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Honoris causa (plural: Causae) is a Latin term meaning for the sake of honor, abbreviated as . ... With approximately 48,000 students, the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München or LMU) is one of the largest universities in Germany. ... Year 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link with display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

Legacy

Dzierzon is the father of modern apiology and apiculture. All modern beehives are descendants of his design. Apiology is the scientific study of bees, a branch of entomology. ... Beekeeping (or apiculture) is the maintenance of one or more hives of honeybees. ...

In 1936, his hometown of Lowkowitz was renamed by Nazi Germany to Bienendorf (German for "Bee Village") and kept the name until 1945.^[6] It was renamed Łowkowice after the region came under Polish control following World War II. 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, commonly refers to Germany in the years 1933–1945, when it was under the firm control of the totalitarian and fascist ideology of the Nazi Party, with the Führer Adolf Hitler as dictator. ... Łowkowice – a village in Kluczbork County of Opole Voivodeship, Poland. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

In 1946, the town of Rychbach (Reichenbach until 1945) was renamed Dzierżoniów in Dzierzon's honor. In 1962, a Jan Dzierżon's Museum of Apiculture was established in Kluczbork (Kreuzburg). Another was established in the town of Maciejów, which was called Matzdorf when he worked there. 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Dzierżoniów Coats of Arms Dzierżoniów (former Polish name Rychbach) is a town in southwestern Poland, situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodship (since 1999), previously in Walbrzych Voivodship (1975-1998). ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... Kluczbork (German name ) is a town in south-western Poland with 26,670 inhabitants (2003), situated in the Opole Voivodship. ...

Dzierzon received many honors, among them the Austrian Order of Franz Joseph, the Bavarian Merit Order of St. Michael, the Hessian Ludwig Order, the Russian Order of St. Anna, the Swedish Order of Vasa, the Prussian Order of the Crown (4th Class) at his 90th birthday, and many more. He was an honorary member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina, among others. Dzierżon received an honorary diploma at Graz, presented by Archduke Johann of Austria. In 1903 he was presented to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria. In 1904 he became an honorary member of the Schlesische Gesellschaft für vaterländische Kultur ("Silesian Society for Fatherland Culture"). The Order of St. ... The Royal Order of Vasa (Kungliga Vasaorden) was a Swedish Royal order of chivalry, awarded to citizens of Sweden for service to state and society especially agriculture, mining and commerce. ... The Order of the Crown was Prussias lowest ranking order of chivalry. ... The German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina (or Leopoldina for short) (Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina) is currently located in Halle and claims 1, p. ... The Grazer Schloßberg Clock Tower Graz [graːts] (Slovenian: Gradec IPA: /gra. ... Archduke Johann (or John) of Austria (January 20, 1782 - May 11, 1859) was the 13th child of Grand Duke Leopold of Tuscany, who later became Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Franz Joseph I. Francis Joseph I (in German Franz Josef I. (August 18, 1830 – November 21, 1916) of the Habsburg Dynasty was Emperor of Austria and King of Bohemia from 1848 until 1916, and Apostolic King of Hungary from 1867 until 1916. ...

Selected works

His works include 800 articles in several scientific magazines and 26 books, published in German and Polish. The most important include:

• 1848-1852: Theorie und Praxis des neuen Bienenfreundes ("Theory and Practice of the Modern Bee-friend")
• 1852: Nachtrag zur Theorie und Praxis... (Appendix to "Theory and Practice")
• 1854-1856: Der Bienenfreund aus Schlesien ("The Bee-friend from Silesia")
• 1861-1878: Rationelle Bienenzucht ("Rational apiculture")
• 1890: Der Zwillingstock ("Semi-detached beehive")

Articles by Dzierżon in Frauendörfer Blättern were collected by Rentmeister Bruckisch from Grottkau (Grodków) and re-published under the titles: Grodków (-Polish, German: Grottkau) is a town in the Opole Voivodship in Poland. ...

• Neue verbesserte Bienen-Zucht des Johann Dzierzon, Brieg 1855
• Neue verbesserte Bienen-Zucht des Pfarrers Dzierzon zu Carlsmarkt in Schlesien, 1861
• Lebensbeschreibung von ihm selbst, vom 4. August 1885 (abgedruckt im Heimatkalender des Kreises Kreuzburg/OS 1931, S. 32-28), 1885 (Dziergon's biography, reprinted in 1931)
• Der Zwillingsstock, 1890

References

Samuel Orgelbrand (1810-1868) was one of the most prominent Polish publishers of the 19th century. ...

Further reading

• L. Brożek "Jan Dzierżon. Studium monograficzne" Opole 1978
• W. Kocowicz i A. Kuźba "Tracing Jan Dzierżon Passion" Poznań 1987
• A. Gładysz "Jan Dzierżon, pszczelarz o światowej sławie" Katowice 1957
• H. Borek i S. Mazak "Polskie pamiątki rodu Dzierżoniów" Opole 1983
• W. Chmielewski "World-Famous Polish Beekeeper - Dr. Jan Dzierżon (1811-1906) and his work in the centenary year of his death" in Journal of Apicultural Research, Volume 45(3), 2006
• S. Orgelbrand "Encyklopedia ..." 1861
• “ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture” 1990, article Dzierzon pg 147

External links

• Rational Bee-keeping online English translation of Jan Dzierzon's book (London: Houlston & sons, 1882)
• Jan Dzierżon at History of Kluczbork (English)
• Jan Dzierżon Museum in Kluczbork (Polish)
• Jan Dzierżon Museum in Kluczbork (English)
• Family Photos on Website with grave of Johann Dzierzon (German)
• Silesian article from 2006 (German) Polish version (Polish)
• Church Records of Lowkowitz, Silesia from 1765- 1948, where Johann Dzierzon was born in 1811 and died in 1906