Jan III Sobieski
Painting by Jerzy Siemiginowski-Eleuter.
Born	August 17, 1629
in	Olesko, Poland.
Died	June 17, 1696
in	Wilanów, south of Warsaw.
Buried	Wawel Cathedral
Reign	May 21, 1674, to June 17, 1696.
Elected	May 21, 1674, at Wola near Warsaw.
Coronation	February 2, 1676, in Wawel Cathedral, Kraków.
Family or dynasty	Sobieski.
Coat of Arms	[[ Coat of Arms|]].
Parents	Jakub Sobieski, Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz.
Marriage and children	with Marie Casimire Louise:  Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander Benedykt Sobieski Konstanty Władysław Sobieski.
	with :
	with :

Jan III Sobieski (1629-1696) (also known in English literature as John Sobieski) was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1674 until his death. Although his reign lasted only twenty-two years, it was marked by a period of the Commonwealth's stabilisation, much needed after the turmoil of the Deluge and Chmielnicki's Uprising. Popular among his subjects, he was also a brilliant military commander, most famous for his victory over the Turks in the battle of Vienna. For his victories over the Ottoman Empire he was dubbed the Lion of Lehistan. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (594x800, 71 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: Jan III Sobieski ... August 17 is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Area 36,73 km² Population 14 032 (2003) Population density 355/km² Mayor Lech Skowron Notable landmarks Wilanów Palace, Poster Museum, palace park Wilanów Website Wilanów is a borough of the city of Warsaw, Poland. ... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... The Wawel Cathedral is Polands national sanctuary with 1000-year-old history, it was the coronation site of Polish monarchs. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... May 21 is the 141st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (142nd in leap years). ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... The neutrality of this article is disputed. ... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... The Wawel Cathedral is Polands national sanctuary with 1000-year-old history, it was the coronation site of Polish monarchs. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Polish szlachcic. ... Sobieski (singular masculine, singular feminine Sobieska, plural: Sobiescy is a Polish noble family name: John III Sobieski was a Polish king Jakub Sobieski (1590-1646) was father of King Jan III Sobieski. ... // History The history of Polish heraldry is an integral part of the history of the szlachta, the Polish nobility. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June 23, 1646 Place of Death Zółkiew... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander... Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Children with Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Maria Leopoldyna Sobieska Maria Kazimiera Sobieska Maria Karolina Sobieska Jan Sobieski Maria Klementyna Sobieska Maria Magdalena Sobieska Date of Birth November 2, 1667 Place of Birth Paris... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Maximilian II Emanuel Children with Maximilian II Emanuel Maria Anna Charles VII Filip Maurycy Ferdynand Maria Klemens August Wilhelm Jan Adolf Alojzy Jan Teodor Maximilian Emanuel Date of Birth March 4, 1676 Place of Birth... Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Poland was ruled by dukes (c. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Combatants Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and allies Sweden and allies Commanders Jan Kazimierz of Poland Charles X of Sweden Strength Casualties This article is about the history of Poland. ... Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... Combatants Habsburgs, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ottoman Empire and its allies Khanate of Crimea, Central Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders Jan III Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000 138,000 Casualties 4,000 dead 15,000 dead {{{notes}}} The Battle of Vienna (Turkish: Ä°kinci... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Sogut (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty... Lechia is the historical name of Poland, still present in several European languages: Lenkija in Lithuanian, Lengyelorszag in Hungarian, Lehistan in Turkish. ...

Royal titles

• Official title was (in Latin): Joannes III, Dei Gratia rex Poloniae, magnus dux Lithuaniae, Russie, Prussiae, Masoviae, Samogitiae, Livoniae, Smolenscie, Kijoviae, Volhyniae, Podlachiae, Severiae, Czernichoviaeque, etc.

• English translation: John III, by the grace of God King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia (Ukraine & Belarus), Ducal Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, Smolensk, Kyiv, Volhynia, Podlasie, Severia and Czernichow, etc.

By the Grace of God is a phrase that has often been used in the titles of monarchs. ... The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Royal and Ducal Prussia in the second half of 16th century Ethnic map Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with its major subdivisions as of 1619, superimposed on present-day national borders Ducal Prussia was, between 1525–1657, a fief of Poland. ... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Note: this article is about the ethnographic region of Lithuania. ... Estonia, Livonia and Courland from a 1740 map Livonia (Latvian: Livonija; Estonian: Liivimaa; German: Livland; Polish: Inflanty; Russian: Лифляндия or Liflandiya) once was the land of the Finnic Livonians, but came in the Middle Ages to designate a much broader territory controlled by the Livonian Order on the eastern coasts of... A view of Smolensk in 1912 Smolensk (Russian: ) is a city in western Russia, located on the Dnieper River at 54. ... Kiev (Київ, Kyiv, in Ukrainian; Киев, Kiev, in Russian) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper river. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Podlasie (Latin Podlachia) is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... Severia (Сіверщина in Ukrainian, Сиверщина in Russian, and Sewerien in German) is a historical region in northern Ukraine and southwestern Russia, centered around the Ukrainian city of Novhorod-Siverskyj. ... Chernihiv or Chernigov is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast (province). ...

Biography

Jan Sobieski was born 1629 in Olesko, a small town near Lwów (modern Lviv, Ukraine), to a notable szlachta family of Sobieski of Janina Coat of Arms. His father, Jakub Sobieski, was a voivod of the Ruthenian Voivodship and a castellan of Kraków; his mother, Zofia Teofilia neé Daniłowicz was a granddaughter of hetman Stanisław Żółkiewski. After graduating from the Nowodwory College in Kraków, young Jan Sobieski graduated from the philosophical faculty of the Jagiellonian Academy. After finishing his studies, together with his brother Marek Sobieski, Jan left for western Europe, where he spent more than 2 years travelling. During that time he learnt French, German and Italian, in addition to Latin. This proved to be vital during his later military career. Events March 4 - Massachusetts Bay Colony is granted a Royal charter. ... Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Polish szlachcic. ... Sobieski (singular masculine, singular feminine Sobieska, plural: Sobiescy is a Polish noble family name: John III Sobieski was a Polish king Jakub Sobieski (1590-1646) was father of King Jan III Sobieski. ... Janina - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Marek Sobieski Maria Snopkowska Consorts Marianna Wisniowiecka Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Children with Zofia Teofillia Daniłowicz Marek Sobieski Jan III Sobieski Katarzyna Sobieska Date of Birth May 5, 1590 Place of Birth Zółkiew Date of Death June 23, 1646 Place of Death Zółkiew... The Ruthenian Voivodship (Polish: Województwo Ruskie) (1366-1772) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Kingdom of Poland. ... A castellan was the governor or caretaker of a castle or keep. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Old Slavonic vatamman, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Noble Family Żółkiewski Coat of Arms Lubicz Parents  ? Consorts  ? Children  ? Date of Birth 1547 Place of Birth Turynka near Lwów Date of Death October 7, 1620 Place of Death near Mohylowo, Podole StanisÅ‚aw Żółkiewski, (1547 – 7 October 1620) was a Polish noble (szlachcic) of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is a university in Krakow, Poland. ... Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan Sobieski Katarzyna Gdeszyńska Consorts Jadwiga Snopkowska Katarzyna Tęczyńska Children with Jadwiga Snopkowska Jakub Sobieski Zofia Sobieska Aleksandra Marianna Sobieska Katarzyna Sobieska Gryzelda Sobieska Anna Sobieska with Katarzyna Tęczyńska Jan Sobieski Date of Birth 1549/1550 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Sobieski (oval portrait) with his family. Painting by Henri Gascar.

Both brothers returned to Poland in 1648 and volunteered for the army during the Chmielnicki Uprising. Jan founded his own banner of cavalry and commanded it in the rank of Rotamaster. After the Battle of Zborów, the brothers were separated and Marek died in Tatar captivity the following year. Jan was promoted to the rank of Colonel and fought with distinction in the Battle of Beresteczko. A promising commander, Jan was sent by King John II Casimir to Ottoman Empire as an envoy. There, Sobieski learnt the Tatar language and studied the Turkish military traditions and tactics. painted by Henri Gascar This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... painted by Henri Gascar This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... Combatants Cossacks Poland-Lithuania Commanders Bohdan Khmelnytsky MikoÅ‚aj Potocki, Jeremi WiÅ›niowiecki Khmelnytskyi Uprising (also Chmielnicki Uprising or Chmielnicki Rebellion) is the name of a civil war in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years 1648–1654. ... A banner is a flag or other piece of cloth bearing a symbol, logo, slogan or other message. ... Volunteer Representative Squadron of City of Poznan in uniforms of 15th Poznan Uhlans Regiment Polish Cavalry (Polish kawaleria) can trace its origins back to the days of Mediæval mounted knights. ... Rotmistrz of an armoured regiment. ... PuÅ‚kownik (literarily Regimentary, abbrev. ... The great Battle of Beresteczko (Berestechko in Ukrainian) in Volhynia (WoÅ‚yÅ„ in Polish, Volyn in Ukrainian), Ukraine, lasted from June 28 to June 30, 1651, between the Polish army under King Jan II Casimir and Ukrainian Cossack and peasant forces, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and their Crimean Tatar... Reign From November, 1648 until September 16, 1668 Elected In November 1648 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On January 19, 1649 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Vasa Parents Zygmunt III Waza Anna Austriaczka Consorts Ludwika Maria Children with Ludwika Maria Maria Anna Teresa... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Sogut (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Ä°stanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ...

After the start of the Swedish invasion of Poland known there as "The Deluge", Jan Sobieski was among the Greater Polish regiments led by voivod of Poznań Krzysztof Opaliński which capitulated at Ujście, swearing allegiance to the Swedish king Charles X Gustav. However, in less than a year he returned with his unit to the Polish side, and after April of 1656 he fought for the Polish king. Combatants Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and allies Sweden and allies Commanders Jan Kazimierz of Poland Charles X of Sweden Strength Casualties This article is about the history of Poland. ... Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: Wielkopolska, German: Grosspolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Map as of 1975 // PoznaÅ„ Voivodship (1) 1975-1998 PoznaÅ„ Voivodship 1975-1998 (Polish: województwo poznaÅ„skie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975-1998, superseded by Greater Poland Voivodship. ... Noble Family OpaliÅ„ski Coat of Arms Łodzia Parents Piotr OpaliÅ„ski Zofia Kostka Consorts Teresa Czarnkowska Children had two sons: Piotr Adam OpaliÅ„ski and Jan Karol OpaliÅ„ski and six daughters. ... Charles X Gustav (Karl X Gustav) (November 8, 1622 – February 13, 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. ... // Events Mehmed Köprülü becomes Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire. ...

Commander

During the three-day long battle of Warsaw of that year, Sobieski brilliantly commanded a 2000 men strong regiment of Tatar cavalry, for which he was promoted to the rank of standard-bearer of the Crown. A strong supporter of the French faction, Sobieski remained loyal to the king during the infamous Lubomirski Rebellion, which also helped in his military career. In 1665 he married Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien and was promoted to the rank of Great Marshal of the Crown and the following year to the rank of Field Hetman of the Crown. In 1667 he achieved another great victory over the Kossacks and their Tatar allies in the battle of Podhajce. A famed and much esteemed commander, in 1668 he achieved the rank of Grand Hetman of the Crown, the highest military rank in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the de facto commander-in-chief of the entire Polish Army. The Battle of Warsaw which took place on 28-30 July 1656, between armies of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth on the one side and of Sweden and Brandenburg on the other, was an important battle of the Northern Wars. ... Crown of the Polish Kingdom, or just colloquially the Crown (Polish:Korona) is the archaic name for territories of Poland, distinguishing them from territories of Grand Duchy of Lithuania or vassal territories like Duchy of Prussia or Duchy of Courland, which had varying degrees of autonomy. ... The Lubomirski Rebellion or Rokosz of Lubomirski was a revolt against the rule of King Jan II Kazimierz Vasa of Poland, initiated by the Polish nobleman Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander Benedykt... MarszaÅ‚ek (English Marshal) was one of the highest officials in the Polish royal court since the 13th century. ... Hetman (from Czech: hejtman, German: Hauptmann, Old Slavonic vatamman, Turkish: Ataman) was the title of the second highest military commander (after the monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, known from 1569 to 1795 as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... Battle of Podhajce took place on 8-9 September 1698 near Podhajce in Ruthenian Voivodship during Great Turkish War. ... // Events January - The Triple Alliance of 1668 is formed. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ... Polish Army (Polish Wojsko Polskie) is the name applied to the military forces of Poland. ...

On November 11, 1673 Sobieski added yet another brilliant victory to his list, this time defeating the Turks in the battle of Chocim and capturing the mighty fortress located there. The news of the battle spread across the country simultaneously to the news of the recent death of the king Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had died only a day before the battle. This made Sobieski one of the most popular personalities in the state and the following year, on May 19, he was elected the new monarch of the Commonwealth. The support of his candidacy was almost complete, with only a dozen or so members of the diet opposing him. Among the most notable partisans of his candidacy was his wife. Jan Sobieski was crowned Jan III February 2, 1676 November 11 is the 315th day of the year (316th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 50 days remaining. ... Events January 22 - Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged in Newgate prison in England for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation March 18 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to the Quakers. ... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Reign From June 19, 1669 until November 10, 1673 Elected On June 19, 1669 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 29, 1669 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Noble Family WiÅ›niowiecki Coat of Arms Korybut Parents Jeremi MichaÅ‚ WiÅ›niowiecki Gryzelda Konstancja Zamoyska Consorts... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... Election of Michal Korybut Wisniowiecki as king of Poland at Wola, outside Warsaw ( 1669). ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ...

King

Jan III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna - Painting by Szymonowicz-Siemiginowski, ca. 1686, National Museum, Warsaw

Although Poland-Lithuania was at that time the largest and one of the most populous states of Europe, Sobieski became a king of a country devastated by almost half a century of constant wars and The Deluge, which brought an end to Poland's economic well-being. The treasury was almost empty and the court had little to offer for the powerful magnates, who often allied themselves with foreign courts rather than the state they lived in. Because of that, Sobieski decided to stabilise the situation of the country by forcing the Ottomans to accept a peace treaty to end the constant wars on the southern border. In the autumn of 1674 he recommenced the war against the Turks and managed to recapture the mighty fortresses of Kamieniec Podolski, Bar and Reszków, which re-established a strongly-fortified line defending Poland's southern border in the Ukraine. According to Polish historian Oskar Halecki, Sobieski also planned to retake Prussia with Swedish cooperation and French support. This undertaking was doomed because of war with Turkey and the opposition of the Commonwealth's magnates. The plan was torpedoed by Michał Pac, the hetman of Lithuania and a supporter of Brandenburg, who simply defected with his army and disbanded it. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x800, 68 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x800, 68 KB) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... Warsaw (Polish: , (?), in full The Capital City of Warsaw, Polish: Miasto StoÅ‚eczne Warszawa) is the capital of Poland and its largest city. ... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... ... Bar is a town in Ukraine at the Rov river in Podolia. ... Oskar Halecki (1891 in Vienna - 1973 near New York) Polish historian, social and Catholic activist. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... For a wealthy or powerful business baron, executive, or tycoon, see business magnate Magnate is a title of nobility commonly used in Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and some other medieval empires. ... Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ...

In 1675 the Tartars started a counter-offensive and crossed the Dneper, but could not retake the strategic town of Żórawno and the peace treaty was signed soon afterwards. Although Kamieniec Podolski remained a part of Turkey, Poland levelled its significance by the construction of the Stronghold of the Holy Trinity and return of the town of Biała Cerkiev. With signing of the treaty a period of peace started, much needed to repair the country and strengthen the royal authority. Although constantly harassed by the magnates and foreign courts of Brandenburg and Austria (Austria even tried to oust Sobieski and replace him with Charles of Lorraine), Sobieski completely reformed the Polish military. The military was reorganised into regiments, the infantry finally dropped pikes replacing them with battle-axes and the Polish cavalry adopted the formations of hussars and dragoons. Also, Sobieski greatly increased the number of guns and developed a new tactics of artillery. Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Length 2,290 km Elevation of the source - m Average discharge 1670 m³/s Area watershed 516,300 km² Origin Russia Mouth Black Sea Basin countries Russia, Belarus, Ukraine The Dnieper River (Russian: Днепр/Dnepr; Belarusian: Дняпро/Dnyapro; Ukrainian: Дніпро/Dnipro) is a river (2,290 km length) which flows... Stronghold of the Holy Trinity (Pl: Okopy ÅšwiÄ™tej Trójcy) was a - now non-existent - village and fortress at the Zbruch and Dniester rivers. ... Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Charles V Leopold (April 3, 1643 – April 18, 1690), was the titular Duke of Lorraine from 1675 to 1690, a time when Lorraine was occupied by France. ... Look up Pike and pike in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Keira Knightley as Guinevere with a battle axe in the 2004 film King Arthur. ... Volunteer Representative Squadron of City of Poznan in uniforms of 15th Poznan Uhlans Regiment Polish Cavalry (Polish kawaleria) can trace its origins back to the days of Mediæval mounted knights. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok; via the French hussard) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ... A light dragoon from the American Revolution Statue of a dragoon on the Triumph Arc of the Louvres in Paris During the late 17th and early 18th centuries a dragoon was traditionally a soldier trained to fight on foot, but transport himself on horseback. ...

Poland in 1686

As a diplomat, Sobieski envisioned an alliance of Poland with France and the Ottomans against the aggressive ^{[citation needed]} Austrian Empire and Brandenburg. However, his plans never came true and finally in 1683 had to be completely abandoned. Conscious that Poland was risking a war against most of its neighbours similar to the Deluge and was lacking allies, Sobieski allied himself with Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor. The alliance, although aimed directly against Turks and indirectly against France, had the advantage of gaining support for the defence of Poland's southern borders. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1568, 616 KB) Summary Rzeczpospolita w 1686 author-Maciej Szczepańczyk - user Mathiasrex Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Jan III Sobieski ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1568, 616 KB) Summary Rzeczpospolita w 1686 author-Maciej Szczepańczyk - user Mathiasrex Licensing File links The following pages link to this file: Jan III Sobieski ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy The Crown Austrian Emperor, formerly Crown Holy Roman Emperor The Austrian Empire is the name of Austria during the time from 1804 - 1867. ... Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Habsburg (June 9, 1640 – May 5, 1705), Holy Roman emperor, was the second son of the emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife Maria Anna, daughter of Philip III of Spain. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ...

In the spring of that year royal spies uncovered Turkish preparations for a military campaign, and Sobieski feared that the target might be the Polish cities of Lwów and Kraków. To prevent the risk, Sobieski started the fortification of the cities and ordered the levée en masse. Motto: Semper fidelis Oblast Lviv Oblast Municipal government City council (Львівська міська рада) Mayor City chairman Lyubomyr Bunyak Area 171,01 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 808,900 ? 4786/km² Founded City rights 13th century 1353 Latitude Longitude 49°51′ N 24°01′ E Area code +0322 Car plates  ? Twin towns Corning, Freiburg... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... Levée en masse (literally Mass uprising) is a French term for mass conscription. ...

Jan Sobieski's military prowess, demonstrated in war against the Ottoman Empire, contributed to his election as King of Poland. One of his ambitions was to unify Christian Europe in a crusade to drive the Turks out of Europe. He made alliance with the Holy Roman Emperor and joined the Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI to preserve Christendom. Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (the Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital Sogut (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), İstanbul (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah of the Osmanli Dynasty... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... During the course of the Ottoman wars in Europe, the War of the Holy League (1682 - 1699) was marked by the rise of a new Holy League initiated by Pope Innocent XI and composed of the Holy Roman Empire (headed by Habsburg Austria), the Venetian Republic and Poland in 1684... The Blessed Innocent XI, né Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 – August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ...

Battle of Vienna

Sobieski sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna. Painting by Jan Matejko, 1880, National Museum, Kraków

Sobieski's greatest success came on September 12, 1683 with his victory at the Battle of Vienna, in command of Polish, Austrian and German troops, against the Turks under Kara Mustafa. Sobieski Sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sobieski Sending Message of Victory to the Pope, after the Battle of Vienna by Matejko This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Combatants Habsburgs, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ottoman Empire and its allies Khanate of Crimea, Central Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders Jan III Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000 138,000 Casualties 4,000 dead 15,000 dead {{{notes}}} The Battle of Vienna (Turkish: Ä°kinci... Jan Matejko , self-portrait Jan Matejko, also Jan Mateyko (b. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ... September 12 is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years). ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Combatants Habsburgs, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ottoman Empire and its allies Khanate of Crimea, Central Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders Jan III Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000 138,000 Casualties 4,000 dead 15,000 dead {{{notes}}} The Battle of Vienna (Turkish: Ä°kinci... Headstone of Kara Mustafa, Edirne, Turkey Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (1634/1635 – December 25, 1683) was an Ottoman military leader and vizier who was a central character in the empires last attempts at expansion into central and eastern Europe. ...

Upon reaching Vienna, he joined up with the Austrians and Germans. Sobieski planned to attack on the 13th of September, but he had noticed that the Turkish resistance was weak and ordered full attack on September 12. At 4:00 a.m. a united army of about 81,000 men attacked a Turkish army that numbered about 130,000. At about five o'clock in the afternoon, four husaria cavalry groups led by Sobieski charged forward, and soon after the Turkish battle line was broken as the Turks scattered in confusion. At 5:30 p.m., Sobieski entered the deserted tent of Kara Mustafa and the battle of Vienna was over. Hussar ...

The Pope and other foreign dignitaries hailed Sobieski as the "Savior of Vienna and Western European civilization." In a letter to his wife he wrote, "All the common people kissed my hands, my feet, my clothes; others only touched me, saying: 'Ah, let us kiss so valiant a hand!'"

Later years and legacy

King Jan III Sobieski, nicknamed by the Turks the "Lion of Lechistan", and the last great king of Poland, died in Wilanów, Poland on June 17, 1696. His wife, Maria Kasimira, died in 1716 in Blois, France and her body was returned to Poland. They are interred together in Wawel Castle, Kraków, Poland. Lechistan (sometimes Lachistan) from Lech (or Lach) the mythical founder of Poland. ... Area 36,73 km² Population 14 032 (2003) Population density 355/km² Mayor Lech Skowron Notable landmarks Wilanów Palace, Poster Museum, palace park Wilanów Website Wilanów is a borough of the city of Warsaw, Poland. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... The year 1696 had the earliest equinoxes and solstices for 400 years in the Gregorian calendar, because this year is a leap year and the Gregorian calendar would have behaved like the Julian calendar since March 1500 had it have been in use that long. ... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander Benedykt... Blois is a city in France, the préfecture (capital) city of the Loir-et-Cher département, situated on the banks of the lower river Loire between Orléans and Tours. ... Wawel (Polish Wzgórze wawelskie or for short Wawel) is the name of a lime hillock situated on the left bank of the Vistula in Kraków, Poland at an altitude of 228 metres above sea level. ... Motto: none Voivodship Lesser Poland Municipal government Rada miasta Kraków Mayor Jacek Majchrowski Area 326,8 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 757,500 (2004 est. ...

King John III was succeeded by Augustus II, elector of Saxony who stayed in power primarily because of Russian support. On his death in 1733, a struggle for the crown of Poland ensued, referred to as the War of the Polish Succession. Reign From 1697, until 1706 and from 1709, until February 1, 1733 Elected In 1697 in Wola, today suburb of Warsaw, Poland Coronation On September 15, 1697 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Wettin Parents John George III Wettin Anne Sophie Consorts  ? Children August III Sas Maurice... Events February 12 - British colonist James Oglethorpe founds Savannah, Georgia. ... The War of the Polish Succession (1733-1738) was a European war and a Polish civil war, with considerable interference from other countries, to determine the succession to Augustus II, King of Poland, as well as an attempt by the Bourbon powers to check the power of Austria in western...

In a strange twist of events a statue of Jan III Sobieski was brought to the city of Gdansk by people from his native land (from Lwów), when they were resettled there. Now the statue overlooks a little park at the old Gdansk town hall, now a museum. For alternative meanings of Gdańsk and Danzig, see Gdansk (disambiguation) and Danzig (disambiguation) Motto: Nec temere, nec timide (Neither rashly nor timidly) Voivodship Pomeranian Municipal government Rada miasta Gdańska Mayor Paweł Adamowicz Area 262 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 461 400 (2003) Ranked 6th 1 035 000 1761/km² Founded... Lviv ( Львів in Ukrainian; Львов, Lvov in Russian; Lwów in Polish; Leopolis in Latin; Lemberg in German—see also cities alternative names) is a city in western Ukraine with 830,000 inhabitants (an additional 200,000 commute daily from suburbs). ...

Battles commanded by Sobieski

Monument to King Jan III Sobieski at Gdańsk, Poland.

• Battle of Podhajce (1667)
• Battle of Bracław (1671)
• Battle of Mohylów (1671)
• Battle of Kalnik (1671)
• Battle of Krasnobród (1672)
• Battle of Niemirów (1672)
• Battle of Komarno (1672)
• Battle of Kałusz (1672)
• Battle of Chocim (1673)
• Battle of Bar (1674)
• Battle of Lwów (1675)
• Battle of Trembowla (1675)
• Battle of Wojniłów (1675)
• Battle of Żurawno (1676)
• Battle of Vienna (1683)
• Battle of Parkany (1683)
• Battle of Jazłowiec (1684)
• Battle of Żwaniec (1684)
• Battle of Jassy (1686)
• Battle of Suczawa (1691)

Download high resolution version (533x800, 68 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... Download high resolution version (533x800, 68 KB)(With permission, Author: Marek i Ewa Wojciechowscy, http://www. ... GdaÅ„sk (pronounced (?), Danzig in German, Kashubian: GduÅ„sk, Latin: Gedania; also other languages) is the sixth-largest city in Poland, its principal seaport, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodship. ... Battle of Podhajce took place on 8-9 September 1698 near Podhajce in Ruthenian Voivodship during Great Turkish War. ... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... Events May 9 - Thomas Blood, disguised as a clergyman, attempts to steal the Crown Jewels from the Tower of London. ... The Battle of Krasnobród took place on September 23, 1939 near the town of Krasnobród. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Events England, France, Munster and Cologne invade the United Provinces, therefore this name is know as ´het rampjaar´ (the disaster year) in the Netherlands. ... Khotin fortress overlooks the Dniester river Khotyn (Хотин, Polish: Chocim; Romanian: Hotin; Russian: Хотин, Khotin) is a town in the Chernivetska oblast of Ukraine. ... Events January 22 - Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged in Newgate prison in England for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation March 18 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to the Quakers. ... Events February 19 - England and the Netherlands sign the Treaty of Westminster. ... Battle of Lwów refers to a battle between the armies of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Turkey that took place near the city of Lwów (now Lviv) on August 24, 1675. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... The Castle at Trembowla which has withstood years of attacks The Battle of Trembowla, more popularly know as the Defense of Trembowla, was glorified and immortalized in the paintings of Franciszek Smuglewicz, Jozef Peszka and Aleksander Lesser. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events January 5 - The Battle of Turckeim June 18 - Battle of Fehrbellin August 10 - King Charles II of England places the foundation stone of the Royal Greenwich Observatory in London - construction begins November 11 - Guru Gobind Singh becomes the Tenth Guru of the Sikhs. ... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Combatants Habsburgs, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Ottoman Empire and its allies Khanate of Crimea, Central Hungary, Transylvania, Wallachia, Moldavia Commanders Jan III Sobieski, Charles V, Duke of Lorraine Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha Strength 70,000 138,000 Casualties 4,000 dead 15,000 dead {{{notes}}} The Battle of Vienna (Turkish: Ä°kinci... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Events June 6 - The Ashmolean Museum opens as the worlds first university museum. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... Events France under Louis XIV makes Truce of Ratisbon separately with the Empire and Spain. ... Events The League of Augsburg is founded. ... Events March 5 - French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons March 20 - Leislers Rebellion - New governor arrives in New York - Jacob Leisler surrenders after standoff of several hours March 29 - Siege of Mons ends to the city’s surrender May 6...

Marriage and family

Family tree

On July 5, 1665, he married the widow of Jan "Sobiepan" Zamoyski, Marie Casimire Louise de la Grange d'Arquien (1641-1716), of Nevers, Burgundy, France. Their children were: Family tree of the descendants of John III of Poland I developed this as PowerPoint. ... Family tree of the descendants of John III of Poland I developed this as PowerPoint. ... July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ... Events March 4 - Start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War. ... Noble Family Zamoyski Coat of Arms Jelita Parents Tomasz Zamoyski Katarzyna Ostrogska Consorts Marie Casimire Louise Children with Marie Casimire Louise Ludwika Maria Zamoyska Katarzyna Zamoyska Date of Birth 1627 Place of Birth Zamość Date of Death April 2, 1662 Place of Death  ? Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski (1627-1662) was a... Coronation On February 2, 1676 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Parents Henrik de la Grange dArquien Francis de la Charte Consorts Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski Jan III Sobieski Children with Jan III Sobieski Jakub Ludwik Sobieski Teresa Teofila Sobieska Berbelune Sobieska La Mannone Sobieska Teresa Kunegunda Sobieska Aleksander Benedykt... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... // Events August 5 - In the Battle of Peterwardein 40. ... Nevers is a commune of central France, the préfecture (capital) of the Nièvre département, in the former province of Nivernais. ... Flag of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ...

1. James Louis Henry, (1667-1736) - Crown Prince
2. Teresa Kunegunda, (1676-1730) - In 1695, the Princess married Maximilian II Emanuel, elector of Bavaria
3. Aleksander Benedykt, (1677-1713)
4. Konstanty Wladyslaw, (1680-1720)
5. Jan, (1682-1685)

Nobel Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Children with Hedwig Elisabeth Amelia Maria Leopoldyna Sobieska Maria Kazimiera Sobieska Maria Karolina Sobieska Jan Sobieski Maria Klementyna Sobieska Maria Magdalena Sobieska Date of Birth November 2, 1667 Place of Birth Paris... // Events January 20 - Poland cedes Kyiv, Smolensk, and eastern Ukraine to Russia in the Treaty of Andrusovo that put a final end to the Deluge, and Poland lost its status as a Central European power. ... Events January 26 - Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne. ... Noble Family Sobieski Coat of Arms Janina Parents Jan III Sobieski Marie Casimire Louise Consorts Maximilian II Emanuel Children with Maximilian II Emanuel Maria Anna Charles VII Filip Maurycy Ferdynand Maria Klemens August Wilhelm Jan Adolf Alojzy Jan Teodor Maximilian Emanuel Date of Birth March 4, 1676 Place of Birth... Events January 29 - Feodor III becomes Tsar of Russia First measurement of the speed of light, by Ole Rømer Bacons Rebellion Russo-Turkish Wars commence. ... Events Pope Clement XII elected September 17 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed III (1703-1730) to Mahmud I (1730-1754) Anna Ivanova (Anna I of Russia) became czarina Births April 16 - Henry Clinton, British general (d. ... Events January 27 - Change of emperor of the Ottoman Empire from Ahmed II to Mustafa II (1695-1703) July 17 - The Bank of Scotland is founded by an Act of Parliament of the old Scottish Parliament. ... Maximilian II Emanuel (July 11, 1662 - February 26, 1726) was a Wittelsbach ruler of Bavaria and an elector (Kurfürst) of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Events First performance of Racines tragedy, Phèdre Sarah Churchill marries John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough Battle of Cassel, Philippe I of Orléans defeats William of Orange Mary II of England marries William of Orange English Statute of frauds is passed into law Battle of Landskrona Elias... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... Events First Portuguese governor was appointed to Macau The Swedish city Karlskrona was founded as the Royal Swedish Navy relocated there. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... Events March 11 – Chelsea hospital for soldiers is founded in England May 6 - Louis XIV of France moves his court to Versailles. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ...

Trivia

The constellation Scutum was named in honour of John III Sobieski by the Polish astronomer Johannes Hevelius. The constellation represents his shield, and was originally known as Scutum Sobiescii. While King Charles II has the star Cor Caroli named for him, this is the only constellation named for a real person. Orion is a remarkable constellation, visible from most places on the globe at one time or another during the year. ... Scutum (Latin for shield) is a small constellation. ... Johannes Hevelius Johannes Hevelius or Johann Hewelke or Johannes Hewel (German) or Jan Heweliusz (Polish) (January 28, 1611-January 28, 1687) was an astronomer; called the founder of lunar topography. ... Charles II or The Merry Monarch (29 May 1630–6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (retrospectively de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... Cor Caroli (α CVn / α Canum Venaticorum / Alpha Canum Venaticorum) is the brightest star in the northern constellation Canes Venatici. ...

American actress Leelee Sobieski claims to be his descendant. This is certainly not where she obtained her surname: Jan III had no great-grandchildren that bore the name Sobieski or Sobieska. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Liliane Rudabet Gloria Elsveta Sobieski (born June 10, 1982 in New York City), better known as Leelee (or LeeLee) Sobieski, is an American actress. ...

Publications

• Tatham, John Sobieski, (Oxford, 1881)
• Dupont, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire de Sobieski, (Warsaw, 1885)
• Salvandy, Histoire de Pologne avant et sous le roi Jean Sobieski, (two volumes, new edition, Paris, 1855)
• Coyer, Histoire de Jean Sobieski, (Amsterdam, 1761 and 1783)
• Waliszewski, Acta, (three volumes, Cracow, 1684)
• Rieder, Johann III., König von Polen, (Vienna, 1883)
• Chelmecki, König J. Sobieski und die Befreiung Wiens, (Vienna, 1883)
• Du Hamel de Breuil, Sobieski et sa politique de 1674 à 1683, (Paris, 1894)

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

John III of Poland

• History of Poland (1569-1795)
• Gallery of Jan III Sobieski